Influences of lake altitude, surface area and trophic state on waterfowl diversity and abundance in Mongolia

Namsrai Jargal,Zoljargal Purewdorj,Onolragchaa Ganbold,Woon Kee Paek,Kwang Guk An 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

인공저수지의 영양염류-N:P비율 상태의 계절적 변동과 토지이용도에 따른 영양염류-Chl-a 상관관계

남스라이자갈 ( Namsrai Jargal ),이상재 ( Sang-jae Lee ),안광 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

Water quality degradation and eutrophication are strongly related to land-use practices around freshwater systems. Here, we investigated an impact of predominant land use on seasonal dynamics of organic matters, nutrients, the ratios of N:P and CHL-a:TP, and algal biomass in Korean reservoirs (n=9) based on long-term monitoring of 2006-2020. It was also examined relationships between nutrients and the algal biomass in reservoirs altered by predominant land-use pattern. The algal biomass was assessed by chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) concentration. Compared to forest-dominated reservoirs (FDRs), agricultural dominant reservoirs (ADRs) and estuarine reservoirs (ERs) manifested relatively high concentrations of suspended solids (TSS), organic matters, phosphorus contents, and the algal biomass, especially the ERs. According to total phosphorus (TP) averages in each type of reservoir, a risk of blue-green algal dominance was high in the ERs (~80%), moderate in the ADRs (~40%), and low in the FDRs (< 10%) for our study. The intense rainfall periods during July - August were a primary environmental factor for seasonal increases of nutrients into the reservoirs. Particularly, the escalation in TP was observably in line with rainfall runoff into the ADRs. But total nitrogen (TN) in the ERs visibly reduced during the intense rainfall months due to ionic dilution by rainfall-water. The seasonal dynamic of predicted CHL-a differed through the three types of reservoirs, showing a seasonal distinct pattern of algal bloom. Correspondingly, the seasonal dynamic in CHL-a:TP ratio varied by the land-use patterns. It was relatively higher during winter in the ERs, and yet showed higher values during summer and fall in the ADRs. The seasonal reduction in N:P ratio was strongly connected to the increase of TP, as well as an intensity of anthropogenic activity. Furthermore, the empirical regression model showed that the algal biomass was significant positive relation with both TN (R2=0.44, p<0.001) and TP (R2=0.78, p<0.001), whereas showing negatively associated to N:P ratio (R2=0.49, p<0.001). However, the empirical nutrients-CHL-a models in reservoirs altered by the predominant land-use patterns. TP was most important predictor of CHL-a level in both the FDRs (R2=0.60, p<0.001) and the ADRs (R2=0.87, p<0.001), supporting P-limitation for algal growth. But the power of TP-CHL-a relation observably reduced for the ERs (R2=0.25, p<0.05) compared to the FDRs and the ADRs. This result was mainly driven by hypereutrophic nutrient conditions, and thus light availability was likely a more important predictor of CHL-a level in the ERs.

다목적 저수지 유입 영양염류, Chl-a 상태에 대한 장마기간의 장기적 및 계절 영향 평가

남스라이자갈 ( Namsrai Jargal ),우스만아티크 ( Usman Atique ),마문MD ( Md Mamun ),블랜디나제네스카코레 ( Blandina Genes Kakore ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

Due to rapid eutrophication, sustainable water quality management and supply are essential in drinking water sources and aquatic biota in large reservoirs. We evaluated the potentially crucial factors influencing the algal chlorophyll (Chl-a), nutrients, and the links between the rainfall and other vital elements in a large multipurpose reservoir (Yongdam Reservoir) during 2013-2019. We developed the empirical models on algal Chl-a, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and TN:TP’s ambient ratios considering the maneuvering influence of Asian monsoons. The intensive rainfall during the monsoon months strongly impacted the nutrient regime and other vital factors. The seasonal patterns of algal Chl-a varied in response to the nutrient contents (TN, TP), suspended solids, and ambient N:P ratios along the longitudinal gradient. The conditional plot analysis, empirical modeling, and observations supported an overall P-limitation scenario, as was evident from the magnitude of N:P ratios (R2 = 0.36, F = 24.9, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the reservoir’s trophic status alluded to the larger particles and blue-green algae during the monsoon and postmonsoon months. The correlation analysis, Mann- Kendall trend test, and principal component analysis illustrated compelling links between CHL-a, TP, and rainfall regime. The outcomes suggested the reservoir was primarily controlled by phosphorus limitation, with an increasing CHL-a tendency along with nitrogen dilution. However, a slight decline in phosphorus was also detected. The Yongdam Reservoir is under the threat of recurrent eutrophication events that could jeopardize this vital drinking water facility due to increasing agricultural and anthropic activities.

하천 어류군집에 기반한 생태학적 건강도 악화를 초래하는 대규모 보 건설의 영향

우스만아티크 ( Usman Atique ),마문MD ( Md Mamun ),남스라이자갈 ( Namsrai Jargal ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

Massive weirs installations in larger rivers could be strongly detrimental to the ecosystem services, water chemistry, and fish assemblages due to unpredicted hydrological modifications and new microhabitat features. This study highlighted the impact of three gigantic weirs erected in Geum River during 2010-2017 compared to the riverine zones from upstream to downstream. Nineteen water quality parameters were studied at 21 sites, while fish assemblages were investigated at 26 sites. The data evaluations included the application of index of biotic integrity (IBI), water pollution index (WPI), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results disclosed seasonal and spatial heterogeneities indicating gradual water quality degradation. TOC, ambient ratios (N:P), Chl-a, and conductivity are dissimilar, while BOD, COD, TSS, TP, and fecal coliforms are directly influenced by seasonal precipitation. Nutrients (N, P) exhibited week relationships in weirs (GW: R2 = 0.21, SW: R2 = 0.12, BW: R2 = 0.25), but stronger in the upstream zone (R2 = 0.74) of the river. WPI, however, designated the weirs and river zones into ‘fair to very poor’ water quality status. Likewise, the ecological health based on IBI specified sites into ‘fair to poor’ health. Overall, 60 fish species and 64637 fish individuals were observed, with 81.24% individuals observed at the weir sites, while Squalidus japonicus coreanus (18.47 % RA) and Hemibarbus labeo (9.25 % RA) were relatively the most abundant fish species sampled. The number of fish species and the total number of individuals gradually declined along the river gradient. PCA grouped the dominant factors in the different zones of the river with a percent cumulative variance 81.80%. The tolerant and omnivorous fish species confirmed aggregations at the downstream zone accompanied by increased insectivorous species. In conclusion, the impacts of weir installation manifested assiduously and indicted increasingly deteriorating water chemistry, gradually declining fish assemblages with jumbled distribution, perturbed microhabitat conditions, and inclusively deteriorating ecological health status.

Low genetic variation of cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) revealed by the mitochondrial COI gene in central Mongolia

Onolragchaa Ganbold,빙기창,Munkhbaatar Munkhbayar,백운기,Erdenetushig Purevee,Namsrai Jargal,Rentsen Oyunbat,Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.1

The cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus is considered as the largest species among old world’s vultures,and it is also recognized as the important part of any ecosystem, as cleaner of dead animals with naturaland non-natural mortality. We investigated genetic characteristics of the cinereous vulture (n ¼ 39)using 738 base-pair (bp) long cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in mitochondrial DNA. Theobserved overall haplotype (Hd) and nucleotide (Pi) diversities were 0.279 0.0079 and 3.9 x 10-3,respectively. Relatively small genetic pairwise FST distance (FST ¼ 0.027) resulted for weak geographicalstructure among studied populations (>95% of total variation due to within population). Conductingmore investigation on species genetic diversity using more appropriate/polymorphic markers is crucialfor better conservation of the cinereous vulture, especially for little known Asian populations.

제품함유 유해물질이 수생태 환경에 노출될 때 대표 지점 선정 및 Target 어종 선정법에 대한 예비연구

김혜진,김지윤,김정은,이호성,Usman Atique,MD Mamun,Jargal Namsrai,김동현,김창해,이영환,안광국 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

The avifaunal survey at Important Bird Areas in western Mongolia

Zoljargal Purevdorj,백운기,Munkhbaatar Munkhbayar,Onolragchaa Ganbold,빙기창,Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan,Erdenetushig Purevee,백인환,최원석,Namsrai Jargal,이준우 한국조류학회II 2019 한국조류학회지 Vol.26 No.1

In 2018, the avifaunal surveys at western Mongolian Important Bird Areas (IBAs) were conducted at 23 sites in three times surveys in May, July, and September. Western Mongolian landscape is characterized by diverse natural zones that dominated by a high mountain range and, wetlands or lakes. Therefore, fresh water high mountain lakes and mountain based IBA sites are common in this region. A total of 131,607 individuals of 201 species that belong to 41 families and 17 orders were recorded in this study. Among these order, Passeriformes was accounted for a higher number of species with 78 species, followed by Charadriiformes with 42 species and Falconiformes, Anseriformes with 26 species, respectively. In addition, the majority of counted birds were (42,121) belong to Anseriformes, while Falconiformes was accounted for the fewest number of counted birds (978). Furthermore, a total of 12 Globally Threatened Birds (GTBs) were recorded including, two Endangered and 10 Vulnerable. According to our findings from this investigation, the high abundance of livestock and tourism activities at wetlands that considered as the most valuable avifaunal hotspot in western Mongolia. In addition, findings also revealed that there is still a need monitoring on actual negative impact from these threats to the bird communities at these hotspots.

Bird accidents in Southern Mongolia

Onolragchaa Ganbold,Gi-Chang Bing(빙기창),Erdenetushig Purevee,Munkhbaatar Munkhbayar,Won-Suk Choi(최원석),Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan,In-Hwan Paik(백인환),Zoljargal Purevdorj,Namsrai Jargal,Woon-Kee Paek(백운기) 한국조류학회II 2018 한국조류학회지 Vol.25 No.2

몽골의 초원이나 사막과 같은 개방지역에 설치된 송전선로에서 발생하는 조류 감전사고는 매우 흔하게 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 조류피해조사를 위해 2017년 몽골 남부지역의 준사막 지역에 설치된 15-kV의 송전선로에 4월, 7월, 9월 등 총 3회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 전체 250개의 전신주 구간에서 총 12종 45개체의 감전사한 조류를 확인하였다(10㎞마다 1.12% 사망률). 주요 감전 피해 조류는 멸종위기종인 Falco cherrug (n=11)와 Milvus migrans (n=11)로 나타났다. 본 연구지역과 같이 개방된 환경에서의 조류를 위한 잠자리 또는 휴식처의 부족은 보다 많은 조류의 감전사고를 발생시킬 수 있으며, 특히 몽골의 다른 개방지역에서도 발생할 수 있다. 사고현장에서 종동정이 어려운 개체의 경우, 시료의 유전자 증폭 등을 통해 DNA 분석을 실시하여 동정하였다. 본 연구결과 몽골의 개방지역에서 조류의 감전사고는 조류에게 발생하는 위험요소 중 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 특히 맹금류에게 빈번하며, 간헐적으로 이동철새에게도 일어나고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 개방된 지역일 경우 조류의 감전사고가 더 잘 발생할 수 있으며, 감전사고와 같은 조류의 위험요소를 보다 잘 이해하는 것은 멸종위기종과 같은 종보전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Bird electrocution on contact with electricity lines is well reported and is quite common in Mongolian open areas. We visited 15-kV electricity distribution pole lines in a Southern Mongolian semi-desert region three times in 2017, in April, July, and September, to assess their risks to birds. The carcasses of 45 electrocuted birds representing 12 species were identified from 250 poles (overall mortality rate of 1.12% every 10 km). The majority of these electrocuted birds were endangered Saker Falcon (n=11) and common Black Kite (n=11). The lacks of roosting or perching sites in our study sites (indeed other open areas in Mongolia) may resulted for such high rate bird electrocution. A 751-base pair (bp) cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified for DNA sequence-based identification of carcasses that were difficult to identify directly. Our findings revealed the high electrocution risk for birds in Mongolian open areas, especially for the birds of prey, with relatively low-efficiency electrocution mitigation approaches. The findings also indicate that there is a need for better understanding of the risk of bird electrocution, particularly in the open areas. This will contribute to the conservation of endangered species.