영산강 수질오염의 시공간적 변화 및 동시다발적 발생 원인분포 분석

마문MD ( Md Mamun ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis combined with factor analysis (PCA/FA), and receptor modeling approach like positive matrix factorization (PMF) and water quality index (WQI) were used to assess the spatial and temporal variations of water quality and identify and quantify the potential pollution sources affecting the water quality of the Yeongsan River, South Korea. For this purpose, 15 years dataset of 11 water quality variables covering 16 monitoring sites were used. Nutrients regime (TP, TN), organic matters (BOD, COD), suspended solids (SS), ionic contents (EC), algal growth (CHL-a), and total coliform bacteria (TCB) were affected by the summer monsoon and construction of weirs in the river. CA grouped 16 sampling sites into three clusters, i.e., relatively highly polluted (HP), medium polluted (MP) and less polluted (LP) sites, based on the similarity of water quality features. Stepwise spatial DA identified pH, DO, TN, BOD, COD, CHL-a) and TCB are the parameters responsible for variations among sites, and temporal stepwise DA identified pH, WT, DO, EC, TSS and COD are the parameters responsible for variations among season. The average WQI value ranged from 55 to 141, indicating “poor” to “unsuitable” water quality in the river. Mann-Kendall test showed there was an increasing trend for COD and CHL- a, while it was showing decreasing trend for TP, TN, and BOD. The empirical model suggested that TP (R2=0.37) had a high positive relation with CHL-a than TN (R2=0.25) and TN:TP ratios (R2=0.01), indicating potential P limitations on algal growth in the river. PCA/FA identified three factors in the data structure which explained 85.58% of the total variance of the dataset. PCA/FA was applied to reveal potential pollution sources, while PMF was used to identify their contribution to each water quality variable. Results showed that the domestic and industrial wastewater from two major sewage treatment plants (STPs), agricultural and urban off, and livestock wastewater were the major sources of river water pollution. Our findings may facilitate the management of the Yeongsan River.

영양염류, 유기물 함량 및 총대장균군에 따른 수질경도 기울기 분석 및 수질매개변수의 상관관계

마문MD ( Md Mamun ),김지윤 ( Ji-yoon Kim ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

In the recent few decades, a lot of environmental ecological pollution and public health issues seem to be connected to poor water quality. The deterioration of water quality is a major concern in the world currently. The Seomjingan River Dam is one of the biggest dams in South korea and it was built for the purpose of preserving the water and reducing floood damages in the areas downstream. The main goal of this research was to decribe the changes in water quality that occur within and after the dam for over a long period, the dataset used was of 10 years (2011-2020). Seasonal analysis of 9 physicochemical water quality variables showed that during the monsoon rain season there was great changes in the water quality variables of which Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphate (TP) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were largely influenced to change especially in the inflow site. Inter-annual analysis of 9 water quality variables showed that in between the 10 years indicated that there was decrease of BOD before the reservoir and after the reservoir but it increased within the reservoir. There was high values of TSS, BOD, TP, TN, and TOC in the inlet river site which clarified that the presence of great agricultural and industrial runoff into the river entering the reservoir. This analysis also showed showed that there was decrease of Chl-a throughout the years in the reservoir but there was increase in the washout from the reservoir which indicated that the water that there is primary productivity within the reservoir which affected the water quality. An Empirical analysis also deduced that this reservoir was a P-limited reservoir, and TP had a positive relationship to Chlorophyll-a which means that the TP coming in the reservoir was used for production as it reduced after the reservoir. The trophic State Index analysis for the reservoir indicated that Seomjin dam gets into a eutrophic state during the monsoon perios and this clarifies that there is high nutient runoff into the dam during the monsoon and hence productivity which was indicated by the high CHL-a that is dictated after the dam. In general, from this analysis it can be said that despite the water quality going into the reservoir being bad and that it influenced primary reproduction and sedimentation within the reservoir but due to these processes the water released from the dam seem to be in a better quality than when it entered the reservoir. It is therefore safe to think due to the results found in this study that the reservoir is in a high probability of facing degradation within the next few years.

Temporal and spatial variation of nutrients, suspended solids, and chlorophyll in Yeongsan watershed

Md. Mamun,이상재,안광국 국립중앙과학관 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.11 No.2

The main theme of the study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of the nutrient regime [total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN)], chlorophyll dynamics (CHL), suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and electrical conductivity in Yeongsan watershed, based on the data set of 10 years (2007–2016) and then to develop the nutrient–chlorophyll empirical models. Summer monsoon is the key determinant which regulates the nutrient concentrations and algal growth of the watershed. The nutrient concentrations (TP and TN) were greater in headwater zone (Hz) compared to midwater zone (Mz) and downwater zone (Dz) because of high flushing rate during monsoon season. TP (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01) is the key regulating factor for algal growth compared to TN (R2 = 0.03, p < 0.01). The concentration of nutrients (TP and TN) was more influenced by the inflow and outflow in the Hz and Dz. Analysis of trophic state index deviation indicated that phosphorus limitation was severe in Hz, Mz, and Dz, and biogenic turbidity was also observed in the watershed. The chemical health analysis of the Yeongsan watershed suggested that the overall chemical health was categorized as a Good to Excellent condition.

한국산 갈겨니(Dark Chub)와 피라미(Pale Chub)의 화학적 내성도와 섭식특성 차이

( Md. Mamun ),한정호 ( Jeong-ho Han ),유병선 ( Byung Sun Yu ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

본 연구는 한국산 피라미속 (genus Zacco)에 속하는 대표어종인 피라미 (Zacco platypus, Zp)와 갈겨니 (Zacco temminckii, Zt)를 대상으로 영양물질 (N, P) 및 그 외 다른 수질 변수에 대한 섭식 및 오염 내성도 길드의 분포특성을 분석하였다. 76개 하천을 대상으로 2004 – 2005년 기간 동안 화학적 수질, 섭식길드 및 오염내성도 길드, BIM모델 분석을 실시하였다. 갈겨니 개체군은 총인이 300 μgL-1 이하의 비교적 낮은 분포역에서만 출현하고 있으며 반면, 피라미는 1,180 μg L-1의 높은 총인 농도에서도 출현하고 있어 평균 총인에 있어서 두 종간에 약 4배 정도의 차이를 보이고 있다. 또한, 두 종간의 화학적 내성도는 질소를 비롯한 다른 수질 변수에서도 유사한 패턴을 보이고 있었다. 섭식특성 분석결과에 따르면, 갈겨니는 충식종 비율이 40% 이상인 지점에서 출현하고 있으며 이는 피라미에 비해 약 2 배정도 유의한 수준으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 이와 반대로 피라미는 잡식종에서 갈겨니에 비해 유의한 수준으로 높게 나타났다 (t = 9.74, p < 0.001). BIM 모델값은 피라미에 비해 갈겨니와의 상관관계에서 유의한 수준으로 높게 나타났다 (t = 13.67, p < 0.001). 본 연구 결과, 피라미는 화학적 내성에서 비교적 넓게 분포하고 있어 내성종의 특징을 뚜렷히 보이고 있으며 또한 섭식구조 또한 잡식종 선호현상이 뚜렷하여 결과적으로 환경의 질적저하 현상에서도 생존하는 것으로 사료된다. 이와 반대로 갈겨니는 화학적 수질영향으로부터 민감하며 또한 충식종 선호도와 유사하여 영양염류가 적고 높은 BIM 값을 보이는 곳에서 출현하고 있었다. 이러한 접근방식은 어류의 내성도 및 섭식특성 규명에 중요한 핵심기법으로 적용가능하다고 사료된다.

Development and validation of a multiresidue method for determination of 82 pesticides in water using GC

Mamun, Md. Iqbal Rouf,Park, Jong Hyouk,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Kim, Hee Kwon,Choi, Woo Jung,Han, Seong-Soo,Hwang, Kyungsup,Jang, Nam-IK,Assayed, Mohamed Ezzat,El-Dib, Mohamed Anwer,Shin, Ho-Chul,El-Aty, A. M WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Journal of Separation Science Vol.32 No.4

<P>Several methods used for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides from the environment and drinking water have been reported. However, most of these reports dealt with a small number of targeted pesticides or some special groups. A method that is simple, faster, and more cost-effective than the environmental protection agency (EPA) method has been developed for the analysis of 82 frequently used pesticides in water samples obtained from Yeongsan and Sumjin rivers, as well as rice fields located in various locations around the two rivers. The samples were extracted by dichloromethane, and the pesticides were analyzed using a GC-electron capture detector (ECD), followed by confirmation with GC-MS. Recoveries were found to be between 82 and 120.1% for most of the tested pesticides, which were in agreement with the standard values dictated by the EPA. The method was potentially applied to 66 water samples for human consumption and 90 water samples from the rice fields and irrigation ditches that were collected from June to September 2007. Oxadiazon, butachlor, and alachlor were detected in some of the river water samples collected in June, iprobenfos (IBP) was detected in samples collected in August, and no pesticide was detected in September. On the other hand, chlorpyrifos-methyl, IBP, hexaconazole, diazinon, oxadiazon, butachlor, and isoprothiolane were detected at relatively high concentrations in 48 rice paddy field water samples collected between June and September 2007. Alachlor in one sample and procymidone in some of the rice paddy field water samples were also detected in trace amounts. The results were consistent with the temporal pattern of pesticide application in Korean rice fields.</P>

Ecological risk assessment and health safety speculation during color fastness properties enhancement of natural dyed cotton through metallic mordants

Md. Reazuddin Repon,M. Tauhidul Islam,Md. Abdullah Al Mamun 한국의류학회 2017 Fashion and Textiles Vol.4 No.1

Variety and durability of color are presumed as key constrains of natural dyes. So, this study attempts to investigate the effect of metallic mordants on the color fastness properties of ecologically dyed cotton fabric using banana floral stem sap. Color difference was measured in terms of hue (ΔH*), chroma (ΔL*) and value (ΔC*) difference. Metal ions in residual mordanting bath, dyeing wastewater and level of trace metals in the finished fabric surface were accessed to justify the environmental safety and speculate the health risk respectively. Pre-mordanted specimens were dyed at 100 °C for 60 min. Optical properties of extracted sap were observed by UV visible spectroscopy. Dye fixation with fiber was determined by FTIR-ATR spectra. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to determine the trace metals in finished fabric. Effect of metallic mordants were calculated in terms of color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, rubbing and light for estimating the color durability. Except light fastness property almost all color fastness values were 4/5, i.e. very good. Light fastness properties were improved for mordanting action with metallic salts. The level of trace metals in finished fabric were within the safe zone.

Flow rank based probabilistic fair scheduling for wireless ad hoc networks

Mamun-Or-Rashid, Md.,Alam, Muhammad Mahbub,Abdul Hamid, Md.,Hong, Choong Seon Springer-Verlag 2010 WIRELESS NETWORKS Vol.16 No.3

Algal chlorophyll predictions in a monsoon-region dendritic reservoir

Md. Mamun,Kwang-Guk An 한국환경생태학회 2019 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2019 No.2

Trophic state evaluation and empirical modeling of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in 60 Korean reservoirs along with the TN:TP ratios and other factors

Md. Mamun,Seokcheol Kwon,Jeong-Eun Kim,Usman Atique,Kwang-Guk An 한국환경생물학회 2020 한국환경생물학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

Major nutrients and chlorophyll dynamics in Korean agricultural reservoirs along with an analysis of trophic state index deviation

Md. Mamun,안광국 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.2

The main objectives of this study were to determine how Asian monsoon influences nutrient regime, suspended solids, and algal chlorophyll (CHL) in 182 agricultural reservoirs, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrients-chlorophyll. The intensity of summer monsoon directly determined the ambient concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Regression analysis of empirical model showed that CHL had a high linear relation (R2 = 0.716, p < 0.01) with total phosphorus but a weak relation (R2 = 0.041, p < 0.01) with total nitrogen. Seasonal empirical models of TP-CHL showed that the regression coefficients in premonsoon (R2 = 0.605) and postmonsoon (R2 = 0.554) were greater than that of the monsoon. Values of trophic state index (TSI) implied that phosphorus limitation was severe in the Korean agricultural reservoirs. Overall, our study of 182 reservoirs suggested that phosphorus was key nutrient regulating the phytoplankton growth. This phenomenon was supported by the analysis of trophic state index deviation relations of “TSI (CHL)−TSI (SD) < TSI (CHL) – TSI (TP)”.