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곽미영,김인선 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.4
일부 수생식물은 휴면구조로 엽상체가 변형된 잠아를 형성하여 적응 생존한다. 부유부엽성 식물인 개구리밥은 가을에 형성된 잠아로 동절기 물속에 가라앉아 휴면상태로 겨울을 난다. 이들 잠아는 엽상체의 특정 부위에서 기원하나 모엽상체와 달리 통기조직의 발달이 미흡하고 조직의 밀도가 높아 수중 침강에 유리한 구조로 분화된다. 잠아조직 내에는 일반적으로 기온상승 시생장재개에 바로 이용할 수 있는 영양분이 저장되어 있다. 이러한 특성을 지닌 개구리밥 잠아의 형성 및 발아에 대해서는 생리적, 생화학적으로 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으나 잠아조직 세포의 미세구조 연구는 미흡한 상태이다. 이 연구에서는 엽상체와 잠아 엽육조직의 분화, 통기조직의 발달, 녹말의 분포, 세포수준에서의 미세구조 발달양상을 비교 연구하였다. 엽육조직이 비교적 분화되어 있는 모엽상체는 통기조직이 잘 발달되어 엽상체 용적의 약 37~45%를 차지하였다. 반면, 잠아는 엽육조직의 분화 없이 조직 내 통기조직의 발달이 미흡하여 전체 용적의 약 9~15%를 차지하였다. 모엽상체 엽육세포와 달리 잠아 세포내 세포질은 매우 치밀하며 엽록체 기질에는 녹말이 다량 축적되어 있다. 엽록체, 세포벽, 액포, 세포막은 모엽상체세포내 특성과 다른 양상으로 분화하였다. 이와 같이 잠아는 통기조직의 미흡한 발달, 세포질의 높은 밀도, 녹말의 다량 축적 등으로 조직의 밀도를 높게 하여 겨울철 휴면상태에 잘 적응된 구조로 발달시켜 축소된 개구리밥 식물체 생활사에 중요한 역할을 수행하는 독특한 구조로 분화하였다. 매우 빠른 생장으로 수면에 넓게 분포하는 개구리밥은 수생환경에 필요한 양분 및 빛을 차단하여 수생의 생태에 나쁜 영향을 미치기도 한다. 그러나 잠아형성 촉진 조건을 가해 주면 식물체는 쉽게 물속에 가라앉아 휴면상태를 유지할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 다른 식물 종들은 생장 및 형성 조건을 조절하기 어렵지만 개구리밥 식물체의 잠아는 이러한 구조적 특징으로 형성이 쉽게 조절될 수 있어 수생환경 개선에 유망한 후보가 되고있다. 향후 본 연구의 모엽상체와 잠아의 생장 및 구조 특성을 이용하여 유사 수생식물 잠아의 생장특성에 적용하면 수생환경 정화 등의 영역에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 휴면구조가 될 것이다. Hydrophytes such as Spirodela polyrhiza form dormant turions to withstand cold winters. The turion is an anatomically distinct structure from which a vegetative frond arises later during germination. The turions sink to the bottom of the pond when temperatures drop and remain there throughout the winter. In the spring, they float to the surface and germinate into a new frond from the turion primordium. Unlike fronds, turions are known to possess small aerenchyma, starch grains, and relatively dense cytoplasm. These features allow the turions to survive the cold winter season at the bottom of the pond. Spirodela polyrhiza has been investigated previously to a great extent, especially in its physiological, biochemical and ecological attributes. However, a little is known about the structural features of the frond and turion during turion development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to reveal the structural characteristics of the frond and turion with regard to tissue differentiation, aerenchyma development, starch distribution, and ultrastructure, with the use of electron microscopy. A moderate degree of mesophyll tissue differentiation was found in the frond, whereas the turion did not exhibit such differentiation. Within the frond tissue, approximately 37~45% of the cellular volume was occupied by a large aerenchyma, but only 9~15% was taken up by the aerenchyma in the turion. The turion cells, especially those of the turion primordium, were derived from frond cells, and contained cytoplasm. Their cytoplasm was densely packed with plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and microtubules. Plasmodesmata were also well developed within these cells. The most striking feature observed was the distribution of starch grains within the plastids of turion cells. Before the turion sank to the bottom of the pond, a considerable amount of starch accumulated in the plastid stroma. The starch grains dissolved when temperatures rose in the spring, and this promptly provided the nutrients which the primordium needed for turion germination. The turion therefore, was an appropriate dormant structure for free-floating, reduced hydrophytes like Spirodela polyhriza due to its small aerenchyma and large starch grains that aided in the purpose of sinking below the surface of the water to survive cold winters. The new fronds that arose from such turions grew rapidly in the spring, beginning the new life cycle.
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병원획득 Klebsiella pneumoniae 균혈증 분석을 통해 본 Ciprofloxacin 내성과 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase생성 간의 연관성
김미영,추은주,곽이경,송문희,나성수,송태준,김성혜,전재범,최상호,정진용,김남중,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5
목적 : K. pneumoniae는 ciprofloxacin내성 증가가 전세계적으로 문제가 되고있는 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)를 생성하는 대표적인 세균으로 최근 외국에서 ciprofloxacin 내성과 ESBL 생성사이에 관련이 있다는 2-3편의 보고들이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 병원획득 K. pneumoniae 패혈증이 있었던 환자들을 대상으로 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련된 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월 부터 2002년 12월 사이에 2200병상의 3차 의료기관인 한 대학병원에서 입원 후 72시간 이후에 나간 혈액배양에서 K. pneumoniae가 배양된 입원환자를 대상으로 의무기록과 전산기록을 분석하여 환자의 성별, 나이, 병동, 기저질환, 이전의 항생제 사용력, 패혈증 발생당시까지의 재원기간, 이전 입원력, 원인균의ESBL 생성유무 등을 파악하였고 이들 변수가 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있는지를 분석하였다. 재발성 패혈증의 경우는 첫 번째 경우만을 분석에 포함하였다. 결과 : 연구대상 환자는 총154명이었고 K. pneumoniae의 ciprofloxacin에 대한 내성률은 28.6% (44/154)였다. Ciprofloxacin 내성균주 중 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 95.5% (42/44)였고 ciprofloxacin 감수성균주에서 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 24.5% (27/110)였다(P<0.001). ESBL생성외에 단변량 분석에서 유의한 관련을 보인 변수로는 남자, 나이가 많은 경우, 패혈증 당시 중환자실 재원, 기저질환이 고형암, 혈액암, 담도계 질환인 경우, 패혈증 발생이전 1달 이내의 항생제 사용력, 3세대 cephalosporin, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, carbapenem 투여력이 있었다. 다변량 로지스틱 분석을 시행 하였을 때는 나이가 많은 경우(Adjusted odds ratio[A0R]; 1.04, 95%confidence interval[CI]; 1.01-1.06)와 ESBL 생성(AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53)이 유의하게 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 패혈증을 일으킨 병원획득 K. pneumonias에서의 ciprofloxacin 내성은 ESBL 생성과 유의한 관련을 보였고 향후 이에 관련된 원인이나 기전을 분석하기위한 분자역학적·분자생물학적 연구가 필요하겠다. Background : Strains of ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to ESBL production in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Materials and Methods : Using the computerized database of clinical microbiology, we identified all patients whose blood culture had yielded K. pneumoniae between January 2001 and December 2002 at a 2200-bed university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital. During the study period, total of 392 episodes of K. pneumoniae bacteremia were documented of which 163 episodes were acquired nosocomially. 9 cases of recurrent episodes were excluded. Results : The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin was 28.6% (44/154). ESBL-production was significantly more common in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates (95.9% [42/44] vs. 24.5% [27/110], P<0.001). In univariate analysis, following factors were significantly associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin: older age, male sex, ICU admission at the time of bacteremia, prior use of antibiotics within 1 month before bacteremia, solid tumor, hematological malignancy, or biliary disease as underlying disease, and ESBL-production. The prior use of 3^(rd)-generation cephalosprins, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, or carbapenem were also risk factors. Independent risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance were older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.01-1.06) and ESBL production (AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53). Conclusion : The close relationship between ciprofloxacin resistance and ESBL production was documented in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Further epidemiological and molecular studies to determine factors and mechanisms involved in the relationship are needed.
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곽소영(Kwak, So Young),김윤수(Kim, Yoon Soo),이경주(Lee, Kyoung Ju),김미영(Kim, Miyoung) 한국간호교육학회 2017 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nursing informatics competencies, problem-solving ability, and nursing performance ability of nurses, and to determine factors that affect their nursing performance ability. Methods: Data were collected from 210 clinical nurses employed by a general hospital having more than 500 beds in Seoul. The data were collected from June to October, 2014. The questionnaires included a nursing informatics questionnaire, the Korea problem solving process inventory, and a nurse performance appraisal tool. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Nursing performance ability had statistically significant correlation with nursing informatics competencies (r=.49, p<.001) and problem-solving ability (r=.66, p<.001). Factors influencing nursing performance ability were problem-solving ability, nursing informatics competencies, work experience, and educational status, accounting for 54% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings indicate that nursing informatics competencies and problem-solving ability have important influences on the nursing performance ability of clinical nurses. Thus, in order to provide an improvement in nursing performance ability, educational programs towards nurses problem-solving ability and nursing informatics competencies should be provided.
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Chemotherapy Use and Associated Factors among Cancer Patients near the End of Life
Yun, Young Ho,Kwak, Miyoung,Park, Sang Min,Kim, Samyong,Choi, Jong Soo,Lim, Ho-Yeong,Lee, Chang Geol,Choi, Youn Seon,Hong, Young Seon,Kim, Si-Young,Heo, Dae Seog S. Karger AG 2008 Oncology Vol.72 No.3
<P><I>Objectives:</I> We investigated the frequency of chemotherapy use and its associated factors in patients in all age groups in the last year of life. <I>Methods:</I> We identified cancer patients who died in 2004 in any of 17 hospitals. We used demographic and treatment characteristics by computerized hospital information systems and by linking the identification numbers to the 2004 death registry. <I>Results:</I> 48.7% of patients in the last 6 months of life, 43.9% in the last 3 months, and 30.9% in the last month of life received chemotherapy. The frequency of chemotherapy use was lower for older patients. In those ≥65 years old, there was no difference between women and men in the proportion that received chemotherapy. For patients <65 years of age, a larger proportion of women than men received chemotherapy, and chemotherapy use was significantly less frequent for patients with refractory disease than for those with responsive disease. Patients dying at a relatively small hospital without a hospice inpatient unit were significantly more likely to receive chemotherapy. <I>Conclusions:</I> Despite the fact that most cancer patients are resistant to chemotherapy at the end of life, it was administered often to all age groups.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
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소포자 배양 유래 계통을 활용한 브로콜리 신품종 조기 육성
곽정호(Jung-Ho Kwak),박미영(Miyoung Park),이준구(Jun-Gu Lee),박수형(Suhyung Park),김대영(Dae-young Kim),정승룡(Seung-Ryong Cheong),임용표(Yong Pyo Lim),윤무경(Moo Kyoung Yoon) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.4
Since the year 2000, the production and consumption of broccoli have rapidly increased in Korea. And, the average production area and amount were about 1,700 ha and 29,000 ton for the past 5 years. Even with the increase of these cultivation and consumption, more than 95% of the broccoli seeds are currently imported from foreign countries such as Japan and Netherlands. Therefore, development of domestic broccoli varieties is needed to relieve Korean farmers’ production cost for broccoli. In this situation, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Korea has tried to develop F1 hybrid varieties from elite lines that were obtained by microspore cultivation method from 2008. As the results, about 850 lines of broccoli were obtained and self-pollinated. Then their ploidy levels of the genome were confirmed to select double haploid (D.H.) lines. And the D.H. lines’ horticultural traits were evaluated in open field. After the selection of 17 elite D.H. lines, they were cross-pollinated with a male sterile (MS) line to produce F1 hybrid seeds. After 2 to 3 years field trials of these F1 hybrid varieties at the area of Suwon, Gangneung, and Jeju respectively, two hybrid varieties such as ‘Wongyo8011’ and ‘Wongyo8012’ are selected for the application of variety protection. With these 4 years of research, we found that the microspore cultivation method is a powerful tool for the conventional breeding program, especially for the development of various inbred lines and even F1 hybrid varieties in short time.
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Metabolite Profiling of the Response of Burdock Roots to Copper Stress
Jung, Youngae,Ha, Miyoung,Lee, Jueun,Ahn, Yun Gyong,Kwak, Jong Hwan,Ryu, Do Hyun,Hwang, Geum-Sook American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.4
<P><I>Arctium lappa</I> L. (Asteraceae), also known as burdock, has a long history of cultivation as a dietary vegetable worldwide. Stress in plants disrupts metabolic homeostasis and requires adjustment of metabolic pathways. Exposure to heavy metals is one of the most prevalent environmental stresses encountered by plants. In this study, metabolite profiling based on <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR and GC–MS was used to obtain a holistic view of the response of burdock roots to copper stress. The principal component analysis model generated from the NMR data showed significant separation between groups. Copper-treated burdock roots were characterized by increased levels of phenols and decreased levels of primary metabolites. These results suggest that copper stress leads to activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and growth inhibition. GC–MS analyses revealed increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of sterols in the copper-treated group. Changes in metabolite concentrations were analyzed by UPLC/QTRAP–MS, and the significances were confirmed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s test. Interestingly, linoleic acid was increased about 2.7-fold, from 316 ± 64.5 to 855 ± 111 ppm, in the group treated with copper for 6 days. This study demonstrates that metabolomic profiling is an effective analytical approach to understanding the metabolic pathway(s) associated with copper stress in burdock roots.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-4/jf503193c/production/images/medium/jf-2014-03193c_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf503193c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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