세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Solanum commersonii and its application to chloroplast genotype in somatic hybrids with Solanum tuberosum

Cho, K. S.,Cheon, K. S.,Hong, S. Y.,Cho, J. H.,Im, J. S.,Mekapogu, M.,Yu, Y. S.,Park, T. H. Springer International 2016 Plant cell reports Vol. No.

<P>Chloroplast genome of Solanum commersonii and S olanum tuberosum were completely sequenced, and Indel markers were successfully applied to distinguish chlorotypes demonstrating the chloroplast genome was randomly distributed during protoplast fusion. Somatic hybridization has been widely employed for the introgression of resistance to several diseases from wild Solanum species to overcome sexual barriers in potato breeding. Solanum commersonii is a major resource used as a parent line in somatic hybridization to improve bacterial wilt resistance in interspecies transfer to cultivated potato (S. tuberosum). Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of Lz3.2 (S. commersonii) and S. tuberosum (PT56), which were used to develop fusion products, then compared them with those of five members of the Solanaceae family, S. tuberosum, Capsicum annum, S. lycopersicum, S. bulbocastanum and S. nigrum and Coffea arabica as an out-group. We then developed Indel markers for application in chloroplast genotyping. The complete chloroplast genome of Lz3.2 is composed of 155,525 bp, which is larger than the PT56 genome with 155,296 bp. Gene content, order and orientation of the S. commersonii chloroplast genome were highly conserved with those of other Solanaceae species, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that S. commersonii is located within the same node of S. tuberosum. However, sequence alignment revealed nine Indels between S. commersonii and S. tuberosum in their chloroplast genomes, allowing two Indel markers to be developed. The markers could distinguish the two species and were successfully applied to chloroplast genotyping (chlorotype) in somatic hybrids and their progenies. The results obtained in this study confirmed the random distribution of the chloroplast genome during protoplast fusion and its maternal inheritance and can be applied to select proper plastid genotypes in potato breeding program.</P>

A dose-finding study for oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 (OIS) in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer

Han, B.,Jung, J. Y.,Kim, H. S.,Cho, J. W.,Kim, K. C.,Lim, H.,Kang, H. S.,Ha, H. I.,Kim, M. J.,Kim, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology Vol.78 No.5

<P>To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), and activity of combined oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan were administered intravenously on day 1, and S-1 was administered orally on days 1-7, every 2 weeks. This phase I study used the following dose levels for oxaliplatin/irinotecan/S-1: level 1, 85/120/60 mg/m(2); level 2, 85/120/80 mg/m(2); level 3, 85/120/100 mg/m(2); level 4, 85/150/100 mg/m(2); and level 5, 85/180/100 mg/m(2). Treatment was repeated for a maximum of 12 cycles, until disease progression, or until unacceptable toxicity. Twenty-four patients were enrolled between October 2012 and February 2014 (median age 59 years). During the first cycle, one of the six patients in levels 1, 3, and 4 developed a dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 febrile neutropenia), and none of the three patients in level 5 developed a dose-limiting toxicity. As the planned maximum dose did not reach the MTD, the level 5 dose was defined as the RD. Twenty-one patients were evaluated for response, which included 2 cases of complete response and 8 cases of partial response, with an overall response rate of 47.6 %. The combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 provided an acceptable toxicity profile and modest clinical benefits in patients with advanced GI cancer. The RD was 85 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin, 180 mg/m(2) of irinotecan, and 100 mg/m(2) of S-1 every 2 weeks.</P>

돼지의 선발에 있어서 능력검정 방법에 따른 육종가 및 유전적 개량량의 변화

조규호,김시동,김명직,이일주,전광주 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 이유시체중(㎏), 90㎏ 도달일령을 대상형질로 하여 폐쇄돈군에서 이유시 체중을 기초로 5가지의 선발방법에 따라 선발된 선발축의 산육 능력을 검정하여 검정이 완료된 개체들에 대해 유전능력 평가를 실시한후 검정대상 선발두수의 크기에 따른 유전적 개량량을 비교하여 이상적인 검정방법을 찾고자 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 90㎏ 도달일령에 대한 육종가 추정치의 변화는 Method Ⅴ그룹에서 -36.2일의 단축효과를 보였으며 세대당 유전적 개량량 또한 Method Ⅴ그룹에서 -7.5일로 가장 높은 개량을 보였다. 따라서 개량적인 측면에 있어서는 전수검정을 실시하는 것이 가장 좋을 것으로 사료되지만 농장의 검정능력이나 전수검정을 실시할 때 드는 초과비용에 대한 경제적인 분석은 더 연구되어져야 될 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to find the ideal testing method by comparing predicted breeding values, and genetic gain by the size of testing group. Tested traits were weaning weight and days to 90㎏. Five methods for selecting testing group were adopted: Method Ⅰ (MⅠ ; 30% selected based on litter weight at weaning for female, and 30% selected based on individual weight at weaning for mail), Method Ⅱ (MⅡ ; 30% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅲ (MⅢ ; 50% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅳ (MⅣ ; 70% selected based on individual weight at weaning for female and male, respectively), Method Ⅴ (MⅤ ; all piglets were tested). Genetic ability was evaluated by multiple trait animal model using MTDFREML package. Based on the predicted breeding values for days to 90㎏, the next generation was selected up to 5th generation. The above procedure were repeated and simulated by 4 times. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows; Phenotypic mean and predicted breeding values mean of days to 90㎏ was 114.3, -27.8, 113.7, -27.0, 107.5, -32.6, 105.7, -34.4, 103.7 and -36.2 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. Phenotypic and predicted breeding values variance of days to 90㎏ was 20.9, 4.1, 19.0, 3.4, 15.3, 1.8, 13.8, 1.7, 13.3 and 1.2 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. Genetic gain of days to 90㎏ was -6.2, -6.0, -7.1, -7.3 and -7.5 days for MⅠ, MⅡ, MⅢ, MⅣ and MⅤ, respectively. In all case, Method Ⅴ group, all piglets be tested, is the most efficient for improving the target economic traits.

Review of the subgenus Aethina Erichson s. str. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) in Korea, reporting recent invasion of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida

Lee, S.,Hong, K.J.,Cho, Y.S.,Choi, Y.S.,Yoo, M.S.,Lee, S. 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

<P>Four species of the subgenus Aethina Erichson sensu stricto are recognized in Korea, including two species new to Korea: Aethina (s.str) aeneipennis, and the small hive beetle (SHB), A. (s.str) tumida. This is the first report of the small hive beetle in the Far Eastern Asia, which has been recently spreading worldwide, causing big economic loss in beekeeping industry. Comments on external and genital structures, brief biology, illustrations of the genitalia of both male and female, and a key to species of the subgenus Aethina s. str. are provided. As SHB becomes worldwide issues in apiculture, the invasion history of A. tumida into Korea and its larval description are also provided. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society.</P>

Site-specific mutagenesis of yeast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin improves heat or oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing its chaperone or peroxidase function

Hong, S. H.,Lee, S. S.,Chung, J. M.,Jung, H. s.,Singh, S.,Mondal, S.,Jang, H. H.,Cho, J. Y.,Bae, H. J.,Chung, B. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Protoplasma Vol.254 No.1

<P>Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased beta-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.</P>

Phenological growth stages of <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>: codification and description

HONG, S‐,Y,PARK, J‐,H,CHO, S‐,H,YANG, M‐,S,PARK, C‐,M Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Weed research Vol.51 No.6

<P>H<SMALL>ong</SMALL> S‐Y, P<SMALL>ark</SMALL> J‐H, C<SMALL>ho</SMALL> S‐H, Y<SMALL>ang</SMALL> M‐S & P<SMALL>ark</SMALL> C‐M (2011). Phenological growth stages of <I>Brachypodium distachyon</I>: codification and description. <I>Weed Research</I><B>51</B>, 612–620.</P><P><B>Summary</B></P><P><I>Brachypodium distachyon</I> is being used as a new model monocotyledon for grass crop research and bioenergy grass biotechnology. With the recent completion of the full genome sequencing project, one of the next major challenges is to determine the functional activities of many genes. In an attempt to aid the rapid determination of gene function in crop plants, a high throughput phenotypic analysis system has been established through phenological analyses of a series of defined growth stages. The codification follows the BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemische Industrie) scale, a numerical system that differentiates between principal and secondary growth stages from seed germination to flower head emergence and seed ripening. We present here analyses of the phenological development stages of <I>B.?distachyon</I> to illustrate a methodological framework that can be used to identify and interpret phenotypic differences derived from genetic variations and environmental stress responses in this plant species. This scale may greatly contribute to the <I>B.?distachyon</I> research in the future, particularly to functional determination of genes that mediate biomass productivity. It may also serve as a suitable tool for defining the growth stages of other grass species.</P>

Bioequivalence Study of a New Fixed-dose Combination Tablet Containing S-Amlodipine Nicotinate and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Healthy Korean Male Subjects

Oh, M.J.,Hwang, H.H.,Kim, H.G.,Lee, G.H.,Cho, Y.S.,Lee, S.Y.,Kang, S.Y.,Cho, K.H.,Lee, Y.Y.,Lee, Y.J.,Jang, C.G.,Lee, S.Y. Excerpta Medica] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Clinical therapeutics Vol.39 No.7

Purpose: A fixed-dose combination (FDC) pill of amlodipine (relatively old calcium channel blocker as dihydropyridine) and olmesartan (relatively new angiotensin II receptor blocker) is used for hypertension that is not adequately controlled with a single-formulation drug. Because the FDC is a one-pill formulation, and amlodipine and olmesartan have different mechanisms of action, it is expected to improve patients' medication compliance and have an increased blood pressure-lowering efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety profile and the bioequivalence of two different FDC formulations [amlodipine besylate/olmesartan medoxomil 10/40 mg (reference product) and S-amlodipine nicotinate/olmesartan medoxomil 5/40 mg (test product)]. Methods: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-way, and 2-period crossover study, including a 3-week washout period, was performed in 32 healthy Korean male volunteers. To analyze the concentration of S-amlodipine or olmesartan, plasma samples were collected up to 144 hours after the dose for S-amlodipine and 48 hours after the dose for olmesartan. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including the C<SUB>max</SUB> and the area under the curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB>) for the time versus concentration plot, were calculated. Analysis of variance for bioequivalence was conducted using C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB> converted to log scale, and the mean ratios and 90% CIs were determined. Safety data included analysis of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory test, and 12-lead ECGs. Findings: Of the 32 enrolled participants, 29 healthy volunteers completed the study. For both S-amlodipine and olmesartan, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were all within the acceptable range for regulatory bioequivalence. The 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB> were 0.8766 to 0.9760 and 0.8288 to 0.9224, respectively, for S-amlodipine and 0.9097 to 1.1229 and 0.8904 to 1.0407, respectively, for olmesartan. Hypotension was the most frequent AE, and it was observed in 4 volunteers with the test product and 7 volunteers with the reference product. Both the test and reference formulations were well tolerated. Implications: The present study demonstrates that the newly developed FDC product (test drug) and the conventional FDC product (reference drug) have comparable pharmacokinetic characteristics in healthy adult male volunteers. Both the test and reference products indicated good tolerance in this population, and no serious AEs were observed.

여대생의 월경시 불편감과 삶의 질에 대한 연구

김지선,노자민,류진영,오정연,이서주,정미영,조재실,주한별 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

The purpose of this study was to investigate the aspect and degree of female university students' menstruation discomfort and to study how the menstruation discomfort affects their quality of life The subjects consisted of 315 female university students in Seoul City by convenience sampling from July 22 to August 3, 2010. The data was collected by structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and Smith Kline Beecham 'Quality of Life' Scale. To analyze the data, used the following methods: frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS program 15.0. The Results as follows: The participants indicated water accumulation, the ache, negative emotion, conduct change and attention intensive obstacle order to show the women's menstrual discomforts and the quality of life was high competent feeling, body and mental stability, vitality and stability order. The correlation of the women's menstrual discomforts and the quality of life was r=-.605 and p=.000, the women's menstrual discomforts and the quality of life show considerably negative correlation. In the event that the women's menstrual discomforts was high comes to be low appeared the quality of life. As a result, this study showed that the women's menstrual discomforts and the quality of life have negative correlation, and discovered various factors which effect to the menstrual discomforts and the quality of life for the women's college students. Thus in the future, do a research for the middle school girls, the maiden and married women, and the repetition research of the women's college student is necessary. The nursing arbitration program development for relaxation of the women's menstrual discomforts is necessary as well.

Extent of Mycobacterium bovis transmission among animals of dairy and beef cattle and deer farms in South Korea determined by variable-number tandem repeats typing

Je, S.,Ku, B.K.,Jeon, B.Y.,Kim, J.M.,Jung, S.C.,Cho, S.N. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Veterinary microbiology Vol.176 No.3

Identifying sources of Mycobacterium bovis transmission would be essential for establishing effective control programs of bovine tuberculosis (TB), a major zoonosis threatening human health worldwide. As an effort to determine the extent of M. bovis transmission among dairy and beef cattle and deer populations, a mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU)-variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing method was employed for analysis of 131 M. bovis isolates from 59 Holstein dairy cattle, 39 Korean beef cattle, and 33 deer. Of 31 MIRU-VNTR markers, 15 showed allelic diversity. The most discriminatory locus for M. bovis isolates was VNTR 3336 (h=0.59) followed by QUB 26, MIRU 31, VNTR 2401, and VNTR 3171 which showed high discriminatory power (h=0.43). The combined VNTR loci had an allelic diversity of 0.83. On the basis of the VNTR profiles of 30 VNTR loci, 24 genotypes were identified, and two genotypes were highly prevalent among all M. bovis isolates (33.6% and 19.1%, respectively), thus indicating that more than 50% of the isolates shared common molecular characteristics. Six additional genotypes were common in 2 of the 3 animal species, suggesting a wide interspecies transmission of M. bovis. This study thus demonstrates that MIRU-VNTR typing is useful in differentiation of M. bovis isolates and that M. bovis transmission occurs frequently among farmed animal species, highlighting the importance of bovine TB control programs in different animal species which are often raised in the same villages.