Application of Ductile Fracture Criteria to Fracture Prediction of Punch-Stretch Tests

Yanshan Lou,Hoon Huh(허훈),Gihyun Bae(배기현),Younki Ko(고윤기),Seokbong Kim(김석봉) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper applies various ductile fracture criteria into finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the fracture initiation of punch-stretch tests. Punch-stretch tests are carried out to construct forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of SPCC (Steel plated cold-rolled commercial quality). Limit dome heights (LDHs) are measured from the fractured specimens in punch-stretch tests. The limit strains in uniaxial tension, plane strain and equibiaxial tension conditions are measured in FLDs and utilized to evaluate the material constants in ductile fracture criteria. To implement ductile fracture criteria into FEA, user subroutines are developed for the commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit with the Hill48 yield function. Simulations are carried out to predict fracture initiation of punch-stretch tests by ductile fracture criteria. Fracture locations predicted by ductile fracture criteria are compared with fractured specimens in experiments. LDHs are measured from simulations and compared with experimental results. The comparison demonstrates that LDHs predicted by various ductile fracture criteria match the experimental results with higher accuracy for arc-shape specimens while the Lou-Huh criterion predicts more accurate LDHs than other ductile fracture criteria for square-shaped specimens.

Fracture-based forming limit criteria for anisotropic materials in sheet metal forming

Park, Namsu,Huh, Hoon,Lim, Sung Jun,Lou, Yanshan,Kang, Yeon Sik,Seo, Min Hong Elsevier 2017 International journal of plasticity Vol.96 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper is concerned with modeling of fracture-based forming limit criteria for anisotropic materials in sheet metal forming to predict the sudden fracture in complicated forming processes. The Lou–Huh ductile fracture criterion is modified using the Hill's 48 anisotropic yield function instead of the von Mises isotropic yield function to take account of the influence of anisotropy on the equivalent plastic strain at the onset of fracture. For the derivation of an anisotropic ductile fracture criterion, the principal stresses (<I>σ</I> <SUB>1</SUB>,<I>σ</I> <SUB>2</SUB>,<I>σ</I> <SUB>3</SUB>) are expressed in terms of the stress triaxiality, the Lode parameter, and the equivalent stress ( <SUB> η H </SUB> , <SUB> L P </SUB> , <SUB> σ ¯ H </SUB> ) based on the Hill's 48 yield function. Three different kinds of fracture-based forming limit criteria are suggested and investigated with an assumption that the stress state is under the plane stress condition with proportional loading. To determine the parameters of the model proposed, the two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) method is utilized to measure the strain histories on the surface of three different types of specimens during deformation and the measurement results are investigated to identify the anisotropy effect on the equivalent plastic strain at the onset of fracture. This paper also discusses about a scaling method for a strain-based fracture forming limit criterion in order to capture the onset of fracture using a single forming limit curve for an anisotropic material. From the comparison of various forming limit criteria suggested, it is concluded that a polar effective plastic strain-based (PEPS) fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD) is suitable for prediction of the sudden fracture in AHSS sheets in complicated sheet metal forming processes on the basis of its path independence and simplicity of measuring strains in real forming processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper is concerned with fracture-based forming limit criteria of DP980 sheets. </LI> <LI> The anisotropic ductile fracture criterion is suggested on the basis of the Lou–Huh ductile fracture criterion. </LI> <LI> The principal stresses (<I>σ</I> <SUB>1</SUB>,<I>σ</I> <SUB>2</SUB>,<I>σ</I> <SUB>3</SUB>) are expressed in terms of ( <SUB> η H </SUB> , <SUB> L P </SUB> , <SUB> σ ¯ H </SUB> ) . </LI> <LI> Three different kinds of fracture-based forming limit criteria are suggested for anisotropic materials. </LI> <LI> A fracture-based polar effective plastic strain FFLD is suitable for prediction of the sudden fracture of AHSSs. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Case Study of EFL College Students' English Learning Style Preferences in South Korea

Yan Lou(Yan Lou ), 김정인(Jungyin Kim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.9

목적 이 연구는 두 EFL 영어 전공자의 학습 스타일을 탐색하여 학습 스타일에 영향을 미치는 요인을 식별하는 것을 목표로 했다. 방법 질적 연구를 통해 문화적 배경이 다른 2명의 영어 전공자(한국인 1명, 중국 유학생 1명)를 사례 연구로 선정했다. 연구원들은 2020년 10월부터 2021년 4월까지 한국 국립대학교에서 진행된 고급 영어 회화 수업의 현장 노트를 작성하고 인터뷰를 완료했고 데이터 분석 단계에서 연구자는 인터뷰 내용을 코딩하고 교실 관찰 기록 및 인터뷰 노트와 같은 추가 자료를 조사했다. 결과 한국학생 Alice의 시각 스타일이 동작 스타일을 통해 제고된 반면 국제중국학생 Cindy는 시각 스타일을 통해 청각 스타일을 향상시켰다. 다두 EFL 참가자의 서로 다른 학습 스타일에 영향을 미치는 요인이 가족 환경, 학교 환경 및 문화적 배경임을 발견했다. 결론 본 연구는 학습 선호도가 타고난 능력이 아니라 개인의 가정환경, 학교 환경 및 교사의 스타일, 문화적 배경에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 개인이 자신의 학습 스타일을 알게 되면 이를 학습 과정에 도움이 된다. 또한 학생의 학습 스타일 특성을 파악하면 교사가 자신의 강의 스타일과 수업 자료를 탐색하는 데 도움이 된다. Objectives This study aimed to explore two EFL English majors’ learning styles to identify factors affecting their learning styles. Methods The study conducted qualitative research and selected two English majors with different cultural background (i.e., one Korean and one international Chinese student) as a case study. The researchers took field notes of an advanced English conversation class and completed interviews between October 2020 and April 2021 at a Korean national university. During the data analysis phase, the researchers coded the interview content and examined additional materials, such as classroom observation logs and interview notes. Results The researchers discovered that Korean student Alice had a visual learning style promoted through kinesthetic, whereas International Chinese student Cindy was an auditory learner, promoted through the visual. The factors that influenced the different learning styles of the two participants were: family environment, school environment and their cultural background. Conclusions This study revealed that learning preference is not an innate ability but may vary in accordance with individual's family environment, school environment and the teachers' styles, and culture background. Based on these findings, when the individual knows his/her learning style, s/he will integrate it in the process of learning. Moreover, identifying the characteristics of students' learning styles will assist teachers navigate their teaching style and class materials.

Modeling of ductile fracture from shear to balanced biaxial tension for sheet metals

Lou, Y.,Chen, L.,Clausmeyer, T.,Tekkaya, A.E.,Yoon, J.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 International journal of solids and structures Vol.112 No.-

<P>A ductile fracture model is proposed to describe shear fracture of sheet metals from shear to balanced biaxial tension via uniaxial and plane strain tension. The fracture criterion models plastic damage as strain-induced void nucleation, triaxiality-governed void enlargement, Lode-controlled void torsion, and shear-restrained coalescence of voids. Its flexibility is investigated by a parameter study of the ductile fracture model proposed. The fracture model is employed to describe ductile fracture behavior of an aluminum alloy AA6082 T6 (thickness: 1.0 mm). Dogbone specimens are strained to characterize the strain hardening properties, while another four different specimens are tested to characterize fracture behavior in shear, uniaxial tension, plane strain tension and balanced biaxial tension. The loading processes are analyzed numerically with the stress invariant-based Drucker yield function which is for the first time specified for body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic metals. Fracture strains in various loading conditions are measured with a hybrid experimental-numerical approach. The measured fracture strains are then used to calibrate the ductile fracture model proposed. The ductile fracture model calibrated above is employed to predict the onset of ductile fracture for these four specimens. For the purpose of comparison, the predicted fracture strokes of these four loading conditions are compared with those predicted by the modified Mohr-Coulomb model (Bai and Wierzbicki, 2008), and two micromechanism-inspired criteria proposed recently (Lou et al., 2012, 2014). The comparison reveals that the proposed model predicts the fracture behavior in much better agreement compared with experimental results from shear to the balanced biaxial tension. Accordingly, the proposed ductile fracture criterion is recommended for the prediction of ductile fracture in sheet metal forming processes, optimization of forming parameters and design of tools for both solid elements and shell elements. Besides, the ductile fracture model proposed can also be applied in various bulk metal forming processes in case that the model is calibrated by proper sets of experiments. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

FDU-12 Mesoporous Materials Detection Hg (Ⅱ) Ions by QCM

Huihui Lou,Chong Shen,Qun Xiang,Jiaqiang Xu,Tianjun Lou 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.8

Thiol-functionalized three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous silica FDU-12 and SBA-15 with ordered pore were prepared. All the obtained materials were characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mesoporous silica FDU-12 (Fm3m) materials with various unit cell sizes, multifaceted pore were convenient for the interaction of subject and object; the 2D SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials with short and order pore channel were better than the traditional SBA-15 mesoporous silica, in which the pore channel can be used fully. 3D mesoporous silica FDU-12 is used as a sensing material to reconstruct QCM sensors to enhance the stability and this material is an ideal material to deal with heavy metal ions in water.

Prediction of Fracture Forming Limit for DP780 Steel Sheet

Yanshan Lou,Sung Jun Lim,허훈 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.4

This paper is concerned with modeling of fracture strains of DP780 using a newly proposed micro-mechanism-motivated ductile fracture criterion (Lou et al., 2012) and its application to predict limit dome heights (LDH) for nine hemispherical punch-stretch tests. Dog-bone specimens are tested to characterize strain hardening behavior. Five arc-shaped specimens and four square-shaped specimens are drawn until fracture to construct a fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD) using circle grid analysis. Fracture strains are approximated from constructed FFLD in uniaxial, plane strain and balanced biaxial tension. The approximated fracture strains are employed to calculate material constants of the proposed criterion as well as six conventional criteria. FFLDs predicted by these criteria are compared with experimental results. The comparison demonstrates that only the proposed criterion describes FFLD perfectly from uniaxial tension to balanced biaxial tension. All criteria are implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit to predict LDHs of punch-stretch tests. Numerical results indicate that LDHs are severely underestimated for the square-shaped specimens by conventional criteria while the proposed criterion predicts LDHs with good agreement for nine tests with strain paths between uniaxial tension and balanced biaxial tension. Thus, the proposed criterion is recommended to access formability from uniaxial tension to balanced biaxial tension.

Cytoprotective Effect of Taurine against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in UMR-106 Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Lou, Jing,Han, Donghe,Yu, Huihui,Yu, Guang,Jin, Meihua,Kim, Sung-Jin The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.6

Osteoporosis development is closely associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taurine has potential antioxidant effects, but its role in osteoblasts is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects and mechanisms of actions of taurine on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress in osteoblast cells. UMR-106 cells were treated with taurine prior to $H_2O_2$ exposure. After treatment, cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, malondialdehyde content, and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity were measured. We also investigated the protein levels of ${\beta}-catenin$, ERK, CHOP and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with the mRNA levels of Nrf2 downstream antioxidants. The results showed that pretreatment of taurine could reverse the inhibition of cell viability and suppress the induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner: taurine significantly reduced $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage and expression of CHOP, while it induced protein expression of Nrf2 and ${\beta}-catenin$ and activated ERK phosphorylation. DKK1, a Wnt/${\beta}-catenin$ signaling inhibitor, significantly suppressed the taurine-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway and increased CHOP. Activation of ERK signaling mediated by taurine in the presence of $H_2O_2$ was significantly inhibited by DKK1. These data demonstrated that taurine protects osteoblast cells against oxidative damage via Wnt/${\beta}-catenin$-mediated activation of the ERK signaling pathway.

Resveratrol promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigued rats

Lou Xujia,Hu Yulong,Ruan Rong,Jin Qiguan 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect and regulator y mechanism of resveratrol supplementation on the mitochondrial energy metabolism of rats with exercise- induced fatigue. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into a blank control group (C), resveratrol group (R), exercise group (E), and exercise and resveratrol group (ER), with 12 rats in each group. Group ER and group E performed 6-wk swimming training with 5% wt-bearing, 60 min each time, 6 days a wk. Group ER was given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage one hour after exercise; group R was only given resveratrol 50 mg/kg by gavage; group C and group E were fed normally. The same volume of solvent was given by gavage ever y day. RESULTS: Resveratrol supplementation could reduce the plasma blood urea nitrogen content, creatine kinase activity, and malondialdehyde content in the skeletal muscle, increase the total superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscle, and improve the fatigue state. Resveratrol supplementation could improve the activities of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, Na+-K+- ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, resveratrol supplementation could up-regulate the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α ( P G C -1 α)-nuclear respirator y factor 1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol supplementation could promote mitochondrial biosynthesis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, increase the activity of the mitochondrial energy metabolism- related enzymes, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, and promote recover y from exercise-induced fatigue.

EFFECT OF DEPOSITION CONDITION ON THE FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BARIUM SODIUM NIOBATE THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY ION BEAM SPUTTERING

LOU, JUNHUI,LEE, HEE,KIM, JEONG-JOO,CHO, SANG-HEE Gordon and Breach Science Publishers 2006 Integrated ferroelectrics Vol.80 No.-

<P>Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15 (BNN) thin films were prepared by the ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD) process onto Pt(100)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrate at annealing temperatures higher than 600°C. XRD and FE-SEM were used to investigate the crystallization behavior and microstructure of the films. Crystallization behavior and ferroelectric properties were studied in terms of deposition rate and annealing condition. It was found that the deposition rate strongly influenced the phase formation of the films, where the secondary phase was always observed if the deposition rate was high. However, single phase tungsten bronze BNN thin film was obtained when the deposition rate decreased to 22 Å/min. It was also found that the deposition rate affected the ferroelectric properties of BNN films. Crystallization started at about 600°C, and the well-developed diffraction patterns were obtained above 650°C if the annealing time was maintained to 30 minutes. The remanent polarization 2Pr and dielectric constant are about 2∼⃒4 &mgr;C/cm 2 and 100∼⃒200, respectively.</P>

Minor and major circRNAs in virus and host genomes

Lou Zhihao,Zhou Rui,Su Yinghua,Liu Chun,Wenting Ruan,전체옥,Xiao Han,Chun Lin,BAOLEI JIA 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.3

As a special type of noncoding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are prevalent in many organisms. They can serve as sponges for microRNAs and protein scaffolds, or templates for protein translation, making them linked to cellular homeostasis and disease progression. In recent years, circRNAs have been found to be abnormally expressed during the processes of viral infection and pathogenesis, and can help a virus escape the immune response of a host. Thus, they are now considered to play important functions in the invasion and development of viruses. Moreover, the potential application of circRNAs as biomarkers of viral infection or candidates for therapeutic targeting deserves consideration. This review summarizes circRNAs in the transcriptome, including their classification, production, functions, and value as biomarkers. This review paper also describes research progress on circRNAs in viral infection (mainly hepatitis B virus, HIV, and some human herpes viruses) and aims to provide new ideas for antiviral therapies targeting circRNAs.