고슴도치 이론(Porcupine Theory)과 북한 김정은 정권의 한반도 통일전략

김경희(Kyounghee Kim) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2021 신아세아 Vol.28 No.3

핵무장한 북한 김정은 정권이 지난 1월(2021년) 조선노동당 제8차 당 대회를 통해 현실을 반영한 당규약을 개정했다고 공표하였다. 이번에 개정된 당규약에서 김정은 정권은 강력한 국방력으로 한반도 적화통일을 앞당기겠다고 공언하였다. 사회주의 속성상 북한에서 당규약은 헌법보다 상위개념이다. 따라서 김정은 정권의 무력을 앞세운 적화통일전략은 자유민주주의 체제의 평화통일을 국가 주요목표로 추진하는 한국에는 매우 엄중한 사안이라고 할 수 있다. 과연, 국제사회의 최빈국이자 약소국 북한이 핵무장을 했다고 해서 자국 안보를 넘어 한국과 그 안보동맹인 초강대국 미국을 제압하고 한반도 적화통일을 이루어 낼 수 있을까? 본 논문은 이러한 북한 김정은 정권의 ‘국방력에 의한 한반도 적화통일’ 실현 개연성을 분석하는 데 초점을 두고 있다. 분석 틀은 약소국 안보이론이라고 할 수 있는 고슴도치 이론(Porcupine Theory)을 원용하였다. 이 이론은 비록 약소국이라 할지라도 상대 강대국에 대해 치명적 피해를 줄 수 있는 고슴도치의 가시를 확보한다면 억지(deterrence) 효과로 인해 강대국으로부터 공격을 포기하게 만들어 자국의 안보를 지킬 수 있다는 이론이다. 결론은 북한이 대륙간탄도미사일(ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile)과 잠수함발사탄도미사일(SLBM: Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile) 등으로 확실히 무장할 경우, ‘한반도 적화통일’은 현실화 개연성이 있다고 분석하였다. 이어서 이러한 북한의 ‘한반도 적화통일’ 전략에 대한 한국의 대응전략에 관해 억지(deterrence)와 방어(defense) 관점에서 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 미국 핵우산의 신뢰도 강화, WMD(대량파괴무기)·대응체계의 신속한 구축, 동북아지역 집단안보협의체 구축, 한반도 통일방안 개선 등을 제언하였다. Nuclear-armed, in fact, North Korean Kim Jong Eun regime proclaimed in January 2021 a revised party’s regulations to reflect current situation through the 8th party convention of Workers’ Party of North Korea. In particular, the revised party’s regulations revealed the aggressive will of expediting the South-North reunification with “strong military force.” Considering North Korea s party regulation which has a higher authority than the Constitution, the revision of the party’s regulations is a significant concern for South Korea, preparing for reunification of the Korean Peninsula with peace principle. Indeed, just because the poorest, small country, North Korea is armed with nuclear weapons, will it be possible to overpower South Korea and its security alliance, the world s strongest nation, the United States, and achieve the unification of Korean Peninsula? This article focuses on analyzing if the North Korean Kim Jong Eun regime’s ultimate goal to “reunifying the Korean Peninsula by force with a high level of psychological warfare” is feasible under the situation. The analytic framework employed in the study is a Porcupine Theory. A central tenet of the theory is that even a small country could have a security deterrent against a powerful country if she had the thorn of a porcupine that could cause fatal damage to a powerful country. In conclusion, if North Korea is certainly armed with ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) and SLBM(Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile), it is likely that the North “the Korean Peninsula reunification by force with a high level of psychological warfare” could be feasible. Subsequently, South Korea’s response strategy to the threat North’s unification strategy by force with a high level of psychological warfare is examined from the perspective of deterrence and defense. Specifically, this study suggests a few countermeasures such as strengthening the credibility of the U.S. nuclear umbrella, expediting WMD(weapons of mass destruction) and response system, establishing various collective security consultative bodies in Northeast Asia, improving unification measures and ect.

Not All Communication is Created Equal

Kyounghee Chu,Doo-Hee Lee,Grace Yeunhe Kim,Ji Yoon Kim 한국마케팅학회 2017 마케팅연구 Vol.32 No.2

Social networking service (SNS) has unique characteristics that distinguish it from traditional communication environments. Primarily, SNS enables a fundamentally different ecosystem for communicating marketing activities. Incidentally, the communication paradigm has shifted online today, and a social media marketing strategy allows integrating bi-directional communication into the marketing process. This research attempts to identify an effective communication strategy to facilitate social media marketing using a combination of communication facets such as frequency, direction, formality, and content. In addition, the study demonstrates how perceived communication quality influences consumers’ attitude toward a corporate brand and e-WOM intentions. To achieve these objectives, we conducted two experiments: the first investigates the interactive effect of frequency (frequent vs. infrequent) and direction (uni-directional vs. bi-directional) of communication; the second examines the interactive effect of formality (formal vs. informal) and content (direct vs. indirect) of communication. Experiment 1 shows that in bi-directional communication, the frequency level of communication does not matter in perceptions of communication quality. However, if the direction of communication is uni-directional, frequent communications make consumers experience stronger perceptions of communication quality than infrequent communication. Experiment 2 demonstrates that among the combinations of formality and content of communication, informal and indirect communication is effective in increasing perceptions of communication quality. By integrating the results, the research concludes that bi-directional communication through informal modes, with indirect content is the effective communication strategy for social media marketing. This study extends the scope of social networking service (SNS) research in communication, and opens new research avenues for effective communication strategy on SNS. The study also provides valuable and applicable implications for corporate social media marketing activities.

A Lateral Speckle Tracking Algorithm for Ultrasound Elastography

Kyounghee Kim,박동희,Jingam Park,Heung-il Ryu,고유미,김한성,서종범,Tae-Young Han 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.1

Speckle tracking is widely used for elastography in ultrasound imaging. Traditional speckle tracking algorithms accurately detect axial motion, but have difficulty detecting lateral motion, even with a significant computational burden. A modified cross correlation algorithm with a synthetic lateral phase has been developed to reduce the computation time, allowing for real-time implementation. The modified algorithm yields results comparable to those of existing lateral displacement tracking methods. With the modified method, lateral movement in the micrometer range can be successfully tracked while reducing computational time by more than a factor of two. This algorithm will serve as a useful tool to further advance ultrasound elastography. Speckle tracking is widely used for elastography in ultrasound imaging. Traditional speckle tracking algorithms accurately detect axial motion, but have difficulty detecting lateral motion, even with a significant computational burden. A modified cross correlation algorithm with a synthetic lateral phase has been developed to reduce the computation time, allowing for real-time implementation. The modified algorithm yields results comparable to those of existing lateral displacement tracking methods. With the modified method, lateral movement in the micrometer range can be successfully tracked while reducing computational time by more than a factor of two. This algorithm will serve as a useful tool to further advance ultrasound elastography.

Fluid Inclusion Study of the Amethyst and Related Granites in the Eonyang Amethyst Mining District

Kyounghee Yang(양경희),Sumi Kim(김수미),Jeong-Jin Kim(김정진) 대한지질학회 1994 지질학회지 Vol.30 No.6

HOW TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION QUALITY IN SNS

Kyounghee Chu,Doo-Hee Lee,Grace Yeunhe Kim,Ji Yoon Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

The Social Network System (SNS) has possesses unique characteristic which distinguish it in important ways from traditional communications environment because the social network system allows a fundamentally different environment for communication marketing activities. The traditional marketing communications model was uni-directional, due to the fact that mass communication is a one-to-many process whereby a company transmits content through a medium to a large group of people. Today, communication paradigm has shifted online and is many to many, known as a bi-directional strategy. Bi-directional strategy mediates communications model in which 1) consumers can interact with the medium and with each other, 2) companies can provide content to the medium and interact with each other, 3) companies and consumers can interact, and in the most radical departure from traditional marketing environments to determine how brand relationship is affected. In this paper, we use the social network system as a new marketing communication medium. We use the key Mohr & Nevin’s communication strategies: frequency, direction, content, and modality to measure communication quality, and then implement communication quality by using the attitude and e-WOM intentions. Rich understanding of SNS communication quality can help focus the managerial efforts on vital communication factors, which stimulate positive assessments of communication behaviors. Furthermore, practitioners may better understand which dimensions of communication facets/aspects are more appropriate

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF VERBAL BRAND PERSONIFICATION ON CONSUMER EVALUATION IN ADVERTISING: FOCUSED ON THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PERSONIFICATION

Kyounghee Chu,Doo-Hee Lee,Ji Yoon Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Given the pervasive use of brand personification by marketers, it is surprising that there has been extremely limited research directly examining the effects of brand personification. In this article, we attempt to fill this gap in part by exploring how personified brand, in contrast to an objectified brand, might affect consumers’ response. Also, previous research have studied mainly on the visual or combined (visual-verbal) brand personification without differentiating the two types of brand personification. Therefore, this study tries to focus on the verbal brand personification which has not been studied extensively. And there are two types of verbal brand personification: external and internal image. So this study validates the effect of internal (kind) or external (looking good) verbal brand personification separately in the series of two experiments. Study 1 tests the effect of internal verbal brand personification on the consumer evaluation using product brand. Specifically, we test the moderating effect of brand knowledge between verbal brand personification and consumer evaluation and explore the underlying mechanisms (brand intimacy, psychological discomfort) about how the interaction effect of personification level and brand knowledge occurs. Study 2 tests the effect of external verbal brand personification on the consumer evaluation using service brand. Specifically, we test the effect of need-for-cognition on attitude towards personified brand ad and additionally explore the underlying mechanisms (perceived novelty, cognitive resistance) about how need-for-cognition influences. This research could provide useful guidelines for the marketers to utilize personification method when planning the head copy or slogan for advertisement. Therefore, marketers are better able to make an effective brand personification strategy through understanding the boundary conditions and mechanisms about the impact of brand personification based on the findings of this study.

A Study about Trilateral Cooperation between North, South Korea and Russia for the Promotion of New Northern Policy

KYOUNGHEE KIM,SOOBEOM HAN 한국관세학회 2019 한국관세학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

직무스트레스와 근골격계질환 · 정신증상과의 관계에 대한 연구

정경희(Kyounghee Jung),김유창(Yu Chang Kim),강동묵(Dongmug Kang),김정원(Jungwon Kim) 대한인간공학회 2008 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become a hot issue within the Korean workplace for the past several years. Recently, the effect of job related stress on WMSDs, cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatric disorders has been steadily increasing. The study conducted questionnaire of Korea version job stress model, WMSDs from NIOSH, CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), and STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) against train drivers. The results of this study show that the job stress score of the train drivers is high in the areas of physical environment, job latitude, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, and organization system. The relation between job stress and WMSDs represented statistical significance in the areas of job demand, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity and organizational system. The relation between job stress and depressive disorders showed statistical significance in the areas of job demand, job insecurity and low reward. Finally, the relation between job stress and anxiety disorders showed statistical significance in areas of job demand, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, organizational system and low reward.

농촌 노인의 암 검진 수검 관련 요인

김경희(Kyounghee Kim) 글로벌지식융합학회 2023 지식융합연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 농촌 노인의 암 검진 수검률에 미치는 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 경상북도 Y군의 주민 중 국가 암 검진 사업의 국가 암 검진 대상자 기준에 따라 만 65세 이상 노인 총 124명이었다. 연구방법은 구조화된 질문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 빈도, 퍼센트, 평균, 표준편차, X2-test, t-test 및 multiple Logistic regression 통계기법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 암 검진 수검률에 영향을 미치는 요인은 교육정도가 높을수록, 가족 구성, 그리고 행동통제가 낮을수록, 행동태도, 검진의도가 높을수록 검진률이 높았다. 암 검진 미수검 이유로 ‘거동이 불편해서’, ‘검진기관이 멀어서’, ‘필요를 못 느껴서 등으로 나타난 결과에서 암 검진 수검률을 높이기 위해서는 암 검진에 대한 장애요인을 파악하고 암 검진 대상자가 필요성을 인식하여 스스로 참여할 수 있는 노인대상중심의 교육프로그램이 활성화되어야 한다. 농촌 지역의 노인들이 갖고 있는 검진기관과의 접근성 등 암 검진 수검에 대한 장애물을 낮추는 시스템을 개발하고 잘 적용함과 동시에 건강행태 개선을 위한 적극적인 홍보와 정책적 요인을 고려한다면 암 검진 수검율을 증진할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the cancer screening rate of rural elderly. The subjects of the study were a total of 124 elderly people aged 65 years or older among residents of Y-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, according to the national cancer screening criteria of the national cancer screening project. As for the research method, data were collected using structured questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean ,standard deviation, X2-test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression statistical techniques. As a result of the study, the factors influencing the cancer screening rate were higher as education level, family composition, lower behavioral control, behavioral attitude, and screening intention were higher. In order to increase the rate of cancer screening, it is necessary to identify the obstacles to cancer screening and to understand the need for cancer screening in order to increase the cancer screening rate. Education programs centered on the elderly who can recognize and participate on their own should be activated. If a system that lowers barriers to cancer screening such as accessibility to screening institutions for the elderly in rural areas is developed and well applied, while active publicity and policy factors for improving health behavior are considered, the cancer screening rate can be increased.

김정은 집권 이후 북한의 국가가부장제의 재생산에 관한 연구

김경희(Kyounghee Kim),강은애(Eun-Ae Kang),손명아(Myung-Ah Son) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2016 아시아여성연구 Vol.55 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 여성과 가족을 둘러싼 공식담론과 북한이탈주민들의 경험을 통해 김정은 집권 이후 북한의 국가가부장제의 재생산을 분석하는 것이다. 분석자료는 2012년 1호부터 2015년 5호까지의 『조선녀성』과 북한이탈주민과의 면접 조사 결과이다. 주요 연구결과는 첫째, 북한은 사회주의 대가정론에 근거한 어버이 담론과 사회적 모성 담론을 통해 가족국가체제를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 담론은 고난의 행군과 경제위기를 거쳐 김정은 집권 시기에도 국가가부장제를 지탱하는 기반이며, 여성은 어버이 수령과 당의 딸이자 가정과 사회의 꽃으로 재현되고 있다. 둘째, 고난의 행군 이후 가족이 국가적 통합구조에서 이탈하는 양상이 김정은 체제에서도 지속되고 있으며, 북한은 전통적인 어머니, 아내, 며느리 역할을 강조함으로써, 국가의 실패를 가족을 통해 극복하려는 재가족화 전략을 강화하고 있다. 마지막으로 여성들의 이중노동은 국가가부장제를 지탱하는 물질적 토대로 기능하고 있다. 북한여성들의 돌봄노동뿐 아니라 가족부양 책임은 총대가정을 만들어내자는 구호 아래 정당화되며, 북한여성들은 어버이 담론과 모성 담론을 내면화하여 이중노동을 감수하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. This study examines how the North Korean state patriarchy has been reproduced under Kim Jung Eun regime, analyzing public discourse about women and the experience of North Korean refugees. Data in the analysis were collected from articles in the political magazine, Chosun Yeosung (North Korean Women) published from 2012 to 2015 and interviews with 11 North Korean refugees. Major findings of the study are as follows. First, through constructing a discourse on parent and social motherhood based on the theory of the Socialist Great Family, North Korean government has maintained a family state system. In the discourse, women are represented as a daughter and flower of the family and the party. Secondly, emphasizing the roles of mother, wife, and daughter-in-law, the government has tended to re-familialize in order to overcome the failure of the state since the famine and economic crisis of the-mid 1990s. Finally, women"s double burdens of family breadwinning and care work are functioning as the material basis to maintain North Korean state patriarchy. Women who internalize the ideology of a socialist family endure their double burdens.