http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Choi, Chulhee,Jeong, Jee-Hyang,Jang, Joong Sik,Choi, Kyungsun,Lee, Jungsul,Kwon, Jongbum,Choi, Kyoung-Gyu,Lee, Jong-Seo,Kang, Sang Won 대한신경과학회 2008 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.4 No.2
<P><B>Background and purpose</B></P><P>The availability and promise of effective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders are increasing the importance of early diagnosis. Having molecular and biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) would complement clinical approaches, and further the goals of early and accurate diagnosis. Combining multiple biomarkers in evaluations significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical tests.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In this study, we used color-coded bead-based Luminex technology to test the potential of using chemokines and cytokines as biochemical markers of AD. We measured the levels of 22 chemokines and cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 <I>de novo</I> patients (13 controls, 11 AD, and 8 Parkinson's disease [PD]).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>MCP-1 was the only cytokine detectable in CSF, and its levels did not differ between control and disease groups. However, the serum concentration of eotaxin was significantly higher in AD patients than in the control group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The analysis of multiple inflammatory mediators revealed marginal differences in their CSF and serum concentrations for the differential diagnosis of AD and PD. These results provide evidence that immunological responses are not major contributors to the pathogenesis of AD and PD.</P>
Choi, Jaeyoung,Cheong, Kyeongchae,Jung, Kyongyong,Jeon, Jongbum,Lee, Gir-Won,Kang, Seogchan,Kim, Sangsoo,Lee, Yin-Won,Lee, Yong-Hwan Oxford University Press 2013 Nucleic acids research Vol.41 No.d1
<P>In 2007, Comparative Fungal Genomics Platform (CFGP; http://cfgp.snu.ac.kr/) was publicly open with 65 genomes corresponding to 58 fungal and Oomycete species. The CFGP provided six bioinformatics tools, including a novel tool entitled BLASTMatrix that enables search homologous genes to queries in multiple species simultaneously. CFGP also introduced Favorite, a personalized virtual space for data storage and analysis with these six tools. Since 2007, CFGP has grown to archive 283 genomes corresponding to 152 fungal and Oomycete species as well as 201 genomes that correspond to seven bacteria, 39 plants and 105 animals. In addition, the number of tools in Favorite increased to 27. The Taxonomy Browser of CFGP 2.0 allows users to interactively navigate through a large number of genomes according to their taxonomic positions. The user interface of BLASTMatrix was also improved to facilitate subsequent analyses of retrieved data. A newly developed genome browser, Seoul National University Genome Browser (SNUGB), was integrated into CFGP 2.0 to support graphical presentation of diverse genomic contexts. Based on the standardized genome warehouse of CFGP 2.0, several systematic platforms designed to support studies on selected gene families have been developed. Most of them are connected through Favorite to allow of sharing data across the platforms.</P>
Choi, Jeonghyuk,Kim, JongBum 법무부 2012 통상법률 Vol.- No.105
The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Bribery Convention) was signed on December 17, 1997 with the aim of combating bribery in international business transactions. As a member country of the OECD, the Republic of Korea enacted the Foreign Bribery Prevention Act (FBPA) to implement the OECD Bribery Convention on December 28, 1998. From the time that the FBPA has taken effect, there have been 17 cases of the enforcement of the FBPA. The OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions (OECD Working Group on Bribery) have evaluated Korea's enforcement of the OECD Bribery Convention on three occasions: Phase 1 (2000), Phase 2 (2004), and Phase 3 (2011). On all three occasions, the OECD Working Group on Bribery stated that sanctions against the offense of the bribery of a foreign public official under the FBPA had not been “effective, proportionate or dissuasive.” Our examination of the FBPA shows that the inadequacy of the enforcement of the FPBA is due to the inadequacy of the framework and the texts of the FBPA. In view of the OECD evaluations, this paper proposes two approaches to remedy the inadequacy of the sanctions under the FBPA. In order to provide “effective, proportionate, and dissuasive” sanctions, the FBPA should add a separate confiscation clause that targets the proceeds of bribery. Alternatively, the FBPA should amend Article 3(1) and Article 4 in order to incorporate a minimum range of fines equivalent to the amount of the proceeds of bribery. These amendments will be able to strengthen the effectiveness of the FBPA and will bring Korea’s implementation of the OECD Bribery Convention into conformity with the expected level of the enforcement of the OECD Bribery Convention. 국제상거래에 있어 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물방지협약(OECD 뇌물방지협약)은 국제상거래에서의 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물 공여 행위에 대항하기 위해 1997년 12월 17일에 제정되었다. 이에 OECD 회원국인 대한민국은 1998년 12월 28일에 OECD 뇌물방지협약의 이행 법안으로서 국제상거래에 있어서 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물방지법 (해외뇌물방지법)을 제정하였으며 해외뇌물방지법에 기초하여 현재까지 17건의 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물 공여행위를 처벌하였다. 그러나 처벌시의 제재 강도와 관련하여 OECD 뇌물방지작업반은 3단계의 이행 심사 모두에서 (2000년에 1단계, 2004년에 2단계, 2011년에 3단계) 대한민국이 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물공여 행위에 부과하는 제재가 충분치 않다는 평가를 하였다. 본 논문은 OECD 뇌물방지작업반의 평가에 기초하여 해외뇌물방지법이 실효성 있는 제재를 부과할 수 있는 방안을 모색한다. 입법 당시의 의도와는 달리, 현 해외뇌물방지법의 규정은 뇌물공여자로부터 뇌물공여행위를 통해 얻은 이익을 완전히 몰수 하지 못할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 본 논문은 해외뇌물방지법의 제재들이 실효성을 확보하기 위해서 두 가지 방안을 제안한다. 첫 번째 방안은 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물공여행위를 통해 얻은 이익을 직접 박탈하는 몰수 규정을 별도로 신설하는 것이다. 두 번째 방안은 현재 벌금의 상한선을 규정한 해외뇌물방지법 제 3조 1항과 제 4조의 벌금 범위를 개정하여 뇌물공여행위를 통해 얻은 이익을 벌금의 하한선으로 명시하는 것이다. 이러한 이익 몰수 방안의 확보는 해외뇌물방지법이 더욱 실효성 있는 법률이 되는 데에 이바지 할 것이며, 나아가 대한민국의 OECD 뇌물방지협약 이행 수준을 높여줄 것으로 기대된다.
광양만 해양바이러스 개체수와 물리화학적 요인의 계절적 변동
최은석(Choi, Eun Seok),이건섭(Lee, Gun-Sup),김동균(Kim, Dong-Giun),오정균(Auh, Chung-Kyoon),박종범(Park, Jongbum),정영재(Chung, Young-Jae),이택견(Lee, Taek-Kyun) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11
광양만의 3개의 다른 지역에서 바이러스 개체수와 물리화학적 요인의 계절적 분포도를 분석하였다. 또한 바 이러스의 형태적 구조를 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 대부분의 해양바이러스는 박테리오파지와 유사한 구조를 갖고 있었으나, 일부는 진핵 미세조류 바이러스인 Ectocarpus siliculosus virus (EsV)와 유사하였다. 그룹 1 (폐쇄된 부영양 지역)에서의 바이러스 개체수는 그룹 2 (폐쇄된 빈영양 지역) 및 그룹 3 (개방된 빈영양 지역)에서의 바이러스 개체수보다 높았다. 그룹 1 바이러스의 계절적 개체수는 크게 변화하였다. 바이러스 개체수는 8월에 가장 높은 7.33×10<sup>8</sup> ml<sup>-1</sup>에서 12월에 가장 낮은 0.3×10<sup>8</sup> ml<sup>-1</sup>로 변화하였고, 봄과 가을에는 중간값을 유지하였다. 질소원 및 인산원의 농도는 바이러스 개체수에 상관관계를 보였다. 특히 용존산소의 계절적 변화는 바이러스 개체수와 반대 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 광양만에서의 해양바이러스 개체수가 물리화학적 환경과 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 보여준다. Seasonal distributions of the viral abundance and physicochemical parameters were analyzed at three different regions in Gwangyang Bay. Morphological structure of marine virus was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Most of marine virus had bacteriophage-like structure, but some were similar with eukaryotic microalgal virus, Ectocarpus siliculosus virus (EsV). Viral abundance at Group 1 (closed eutrophic region) was higher than viral abundances at Group 2 (closed oligotrophic region) and Group 3 (open oligotrophic region). Seasonal abundances of marine virus at Group 1 were dynamically changed. The viral density was variably changed from maximum 7.33×10<sup>8</sup> ml<sup>-1</sup> in August to minimum 0.3×10<sup>8</sup> ml<sup>-1</sup> in December and maintained middle value in spring and autumn. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphate sources was correlated with viral abundance. Particularly, seasonal change of dissolved oxygen concentration was opposite to the variation of viral abundance. These results showed that viral abundances were closely related with fluctuation of marine physicochemical environment in Gwangyang bay.
Generation of the MVC reference picture using the boundary padding method
Youngho Moon,Jongbum Choi,Haksop Song,Woosung Shim 대한전자공학회 2008 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
This paper introduces the boundary extension method in Multi-view Video Coding (MVC). The proposed method compensates the boundary region (occlusion region) from the previous boundary region of an anchor image. This method is only applied to the P pictures of anchor pictures except the first frames on each view to maximize the boundary padding effect. The padding region is determined by Global Disparity Vector (GDV) or maximum margin size. The test result shows bit saving from 0.01% to 5.73% at anchor pictures.
Efficient hardware implementation and analysis of true random-number generator based on beta source
Park, Seongmo,Choi, Byoung Gun,Kang, Taewook,Park, Kyunghwan,Kwon, Youngsu,Kim, Jongbum Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.4
This paper presents an efficient hardware random-number generator based on a beta source. The proposed generator counts the values of "0" and "1" and provides a method to distinguish between pseudo-random and true random numbers by comparing them using simple cumulative operations. The random-number generator produces labeled data indicating whether the count value is a pseudo- or true random number according to its bit value based on the generated labeling data. The proposed method is verified using a system based on Verilog RTL coding and LabVIEW for hardware implementation. The generated random numbers were tested according to the NIST SP 800-22 and SP 800-90B standards, and they satisfied the test items specified in the standard. Furthermore, the hardware is efficient and can be used for security, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things applications in real time.