颱風被害가 水稻의 收量에 미친 影響

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

1. 애그니스颱風에 依한 ??傷害에 가장 關係가 큰것은 出穗期이며 颱風前 3∼4日이 出穗期에 該當한것에 傷害가 가장 甚했고 그보다 멀어질수록 輕徵하였다는 것은 外國의 調査 및 崔範烈博士任의 調査成績과 거의 一致하였다. 2. 出穗期가 거의 同一한 것은 穗重型(特히 長穗型)의 것이 穗數型(特히 短穗型)의 것에 比하여 ??外傷이 甚한 傾向을 認定하였는데 이것도 恩師任이신 崔範烈博士任의 調査成績과 거의 一致한 것을 發見하였다. 3. ??傷害程度와 減數率豫想間에는 大體로 關聯이 있어서 傷害程度가 甚한것일수록 大體로 減收率도 크고(特히 長穗種은 短穗種에 比하여 減收率이 더 컸다) 傷害程度가 輕한 것은 減收率도 적었다. 4. 穗頸의 强度 및 特히 颱風被襲時의 穗頸傷處의 程度와 耐病性과는 密接한 關聯이 認定되었으며 이 特性은 穗頸保護組織의 發達과 珪化에 基因된 것으로 본다. 5. 調査品種中에서 農林29號, 農光, 農林6號, 農林27號, 南鮮13號, 水原143號, 水原118號等은 特히 耐風性과 耐病性이 强한 品種이었고 高矢, 豊玉, 倍達, 銀坊主101號, 鮮瑞, 八達等은 耐風性, 耐病性이 特히 弱한 品種으로 認定되었다. 6. 애그니스颱風으로 因한 大激發하는 穗頸稻熱病의 熟期別 被害差異에 가장 크게 關係하는 因子는 颱風來襲時期와 水稻品種의 出穗期였다고 認定되었다. 7. 被害가 가장 甚했던 것은 出穗期가 颱風耐襲日과 거의 一致되어졌던 極晩生種들이며 이는 細胞組織이 硬化되지 못한 까닭으로 當然한 結果라고 生覺되여진다. 8. 出穗期가 거의 같은것 中에서는 長稈穗重型의 品種이 被害가 컸다는 것도 當然한 結果라고 보며 또한 中生種인 田中 鮮瑞의 被害가 比較的 컸다는 것은 耐病性과 耐風性이 매우 弱한 品種이라는 것이 立證되었다고 본다. 9. 耐風性 特性을 많이 지닌 農林6號, 瑞光, 八??, 金谷等은 颱風被害가 가장 輕徵하게 나타났다. 10. 以上의 結果로 보아 水稻의 風害對策으로서 旣知要項은 다음과 같다. 첫째로 耐風性이 弱한 品種, 穗重型品種, 極晩生이면서 長稈에 屬하는 品種等을 避하고 되도록 耐風性과 耐病性이 强한 品種을 栽培할 것이다. 둘째로 늦어도 8月15日 以內에는 出穗를 完了시킬 수 있는 保溫折衷苗垈育苗에 依한 早播早植(早期栽培와 早植栽培)栽培를 권장할 것이다. 셋째로 海岸의 防風林說置와 早生, 中生, 晩生品種을 採用하여 出穗가 同一한 品種을 集中栽培를 避해서 颱風의 來襲으로 因한 倒伏의 被害等을 可能한 回避하도록 할것이다. 넷째로 堆肥와 廐肥 및 絲肥를 增施하여 水稻의 生育을 健全하게 만들고 耐抵抗性品種을 育成栽培할 것이다. Agnes typhoon injury has long been recognized as one of main factors which give remarkable influence upon the yield of rece. Injury on paddy and the damages for fructification by Agnes typhoon were conducted concerning subject that relation between characteristics of rice varieties and neck blast in damages of rice plants. The mast important factor to injury on the paddy by Agnes typhoon was the heading stage of each variety, the paddy which appear its ear on there or four days before comming of Agness typhoon were remarkably injrued on them, this results almost agreed with other's reports there was a significant corelation between injury degree on paddy and reduction ratio of yield, namely much injured kernels by Agnes typhoon bring about decreas in yield especially on long-ear-types varieties. Harmfully injured paddy by Agnes typhhon shows higher empthy-glumes ratio while slightly injured ones show higher fructification ratio. It was recognized that there was a significant correlation between the stenght of ear-neck and the degrees of injury on ear-neck by Agness typhoon especialy. It may nearly always be found that the above notel characteristics caused by the development of protective tissues on ear-neck and the degree of silicifying substance on it. From the results induced by the above noted investigations, the following treatments to eliminate wind injury must be done with effective foregone treatments. Avoid the cultivation of wind susceptible varieties and must be cultivate rice varities resistant to both wind and neck blast as long as possible. Cultivation will be enforced strictly to transplant seedlings in order to have heading stage before mid-august.

플루오르토파즈와 휘스커 뮬라이트의 제조와 특성평가

심일용,이홍림,문종수,강종봉 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2002 신소재연구 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구에서는 1200℃의 저온에서 침상형 뮬라이트를 합성하고, 이러한 침상형 뮬라이트를 생성하는 메카니즘을 관찰함과 동시에 메카니즘을 활용한 제어된 미세구조를 가진 뮬라이트를 합성하고자 하였다. Al원으로 사용되는 원료로서는 Al(OH)_3를 사용한 경우가 Al_2O_3를 사용한 결과보다 더욱 발달된 휘스커상의 뮬라이트를 얻을 수 있었다. 각 온도구간에서 열처리한 시편은 미세구조 관찰과 상분석을 통하여 플루오르토파즈와 휘스커상의 뮬라이트의 생성을 관찰하였으며, 토파즈상을 거쳐간 휘스커 뮬라이트의 생성은 하나의 토파즈 상에서 여러 방향으로 휘스커상의 뮬라이트가 성장되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 1200℃에서 생성된 휘스커상의 뮬라이트는 [001] 방향으로 성장하였으며, (110)면의 면간거리는 5.34Å이었다. 과량의 Al(OH)_3를 참가하였을 경우 기존의 8:7:4 원료조합보다 11:7:4의 경우에 조대한 단일상의 휘스커 뮬라이트를 관찰할 수 있었으나, 그 이상의 Al(OH)_3의 첨가는 미반응 Al_2O_3로 인하여 단일상의 뮬라이트를 얻지 못하였다. Whiskered mullites were synthesized at relatively low temperature of 1200℃, and mullite forming mechanism was studied in this experiment. Al(OH)_3 as a raw materials was better in getting whiskered mullite than Al_2O_3. Microstructure and phase analysis were done for the specimens heat treated at various temperatures. It was found that the synthesized mullite had grown to [001] direction, and that the distance of (110) plane was 5.34Å. Al(OH)_3 addition resulted in larger mullite whisker than normal 8:7:4 ratio, but excessive Al(OH)_3 didn't affect the growth of mullite whisker.

聖書的 根據에서 본 運命學에 關한 硏究

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

地下水位別 滯水處理가 小麥의 生育과 收量에 미치는 影響

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of various soil in excess moisture injury upon the underground water level to wheat and studies on the damage due to excessive water in the soil of wheat cultivated on the plastic pot in the green-house of the An-Song national university for 2 years during 1984 to 1985 and the wheat culture used on this experiments was olmil (#5 mil-yang). The results obtained are sumariged as follow; (1) From the studies on the effects of times of submersion on the vegetative growth and yield characters, the following results were obtained. The wheat were damaged submersion soil during wheat growth. The degree of damage was increased as the times of whater submersion were increased, expecially, the wheat which were submerged during 10cm ground water level were seversly damage and next severe damage was occured when wheats in 20cm, 30cm and 40cm under ground water level were submerged. (2) From the studies on the effects of under-ground water levels on wheat growth and yields. The fallowing results were obtained, the damage due to the underground water levels was least in 10cm of water levels, the degree of damage was in the order of 20cm, 30cm and 40cm. (3) Under condition of high underground water levels the Fe++ and Mn was higher in the root and N. P. and K were found were in the stems and leves, the soil Eh was low when the underground water level was low. (4) The chlorophyll contant was increased as the underground water levels get higher, the same was tue for the respiration and photosyntheses rate underground water levels. (5) Grain yield per wheat was seversly damaged by hi호 ground water level fallowing grain weight per spike, number of grains per plant, spike weight, 1,000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per plant and clum length at 40 cm 30cm 20cm and 10cm of underground water levels respectively, with comparison of check.

馬鈴薯의 塊莖形成肥大에 關한 硏究

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This experiment was conducted with general process of tuberization and its relation to plant growth in order to investigate morphological observation on the tuber development of potato plant at the national An-Sung agricultural Jurnior College from 1982-1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) It is generally known that morphological observation on the tuberization of the potato plant, namely relation of environmental conditions, high-temperature supply, soil temperature and length of day light period. 2) According to an observation of growth process of the material plant, the process of tuberization was divided 4 periods as already reported "solon elongation period," "tuber formation period," tuber enlargement period" and "tuber completion period." 3) In short, an investigation was made to trace the developmental change of larger and smaller tubers during "tuber enlargement" and "tuber completion period". What is here called "larger tubers" denotes those tubers which were comparatively larger at successive stage of planes growth. The so-call "smaller tubers" are those which were as constant as possible in weigh during every succive stage, weighing 30-40 grame. 4) The results so far mentioned induce one to conclude that, in the potato plant, which physiological character is regulated a periodical factor during the process of tuberization. It has been suspected that the cause of differentation of tuber, in the same potato plant, into different weigh is either quantitative difference of growth rate in tuber enlargement period or a difference in growth stopping stage. The author should like to support the former, because, as my research has proved, the change in composition is regulated essentially by a periodical factor. 5) At least the mother tuber in potato relates of very great to first growth of aerial part till a stage of changing point of growth-rate and before tuber enlargement period, and afterthat the mother tuber stores water till its callapse, but the watter storage is suppose to be only a phonomena with secondary significance among roles of mother tuber. 6) The stolon emerges extrophy from the node of subterrenean main stem at once after germination. The writer described that the emergence of stolon would be induced by the differentation of flower organ in the growing point of the terrestrial main stem. The vascular bundle of stolon develops weakly and scarcely in comparison with the main stem.

소나무 잎을 이용한 PCBs의 지역별 오염도 분포

심일용(Shim Il Yong),여현구(Hyun Gu Yeo),최민규(Min Kyu Choi),김태욱(Tae Wook Kim),천만영(Man Young Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2002 대한환경공학회지 Vol.24 No.12

천부경의 原理講論에 關한 硏究

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This studies were conducted to define the effect of the orginal scripture and the chiness classics which were Chun-Bu-Kyongs and Jo-Wha-Kyong since the beginning of the world. this experiment were carried out in the principles of harmony and the wonders of nature which were inquire in to the principles of the cosmic duel forces (Tai-Geuk) from prehistoric times to the present, the results obtained are Summarized as follow: 1. In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God, all things were made through him and without him was not anything made that was made in him was life and the life was the light of men. the light Shines in the darkness and the darkness has not overcome it. 2. The first man was from the earth, a man of dust. the Second man is from heaven as was the man of dust, So are those who are of the dust and is the man of heaven. So are those who are of heaven just as we have borne the image of the man of dust we shall also hear the image of the man of heaven. 3. For as woman was made from man, So man is now born of woman and all things from God. for man was not made from woman but woman from man neither was man created for woman but woman for man nevertheless in the God. woman is not independent of man nor man of woman. 4. Th Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and the man became a living being. this is the account of the heaven and the earth. 5. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. now the earth was formeless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep and the spirit God was hovering over the water. 6. God said let there be light and there was light and he saparated the light from the darkness God calld the light day and the darkness the called night. God saw that light was good. 7. god said let there be an expanse between the water to separate water from water. So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. and God called the expanse sky. 8. God said let the water under the sky be gathered to one place and let dry ground appear and God called the dry ground land and the gathered waters be called seas and God sow it was good. 9. God said let there be light in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night and let them serve as signs to mark season and days and years and let them be light in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth and it was so. 10. God made two great light the greater light to govern the day the lesser light to govern the night. he also made the stars. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern the day and the night and to separate light from darkness. 11. God said let us make man in our image in our likeness and he created man in his own image, in the image of God. he created him male and female he created him. and God blessed them and said to them. to fruitful and increase in number fill the earth and subdue it. thus the heavens and the earths were completed in all their vast array.

沓裏作栽培의 滯水時期別 濕害가 大麥의 生育과 收量에 미치는 影響

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of various soil in "excess-moisture injury " levels on top and root growth of barley and its yield. Barley(variety Su-Won No.18) was grown on a diluvial clay loan soil at Plant beeding farm (Pot cultivation) in every season during 2 years (1982-1983) at the experimental farm of National An-Sung Agricultural Juniot College. I investigated the relation between the growth times the stage of moisture, by keeping the water below the surface of the soil into pot by 10cm, for 7 days every 5times treatment immediately after sowing. In order to fine out some morphological characteristics of root growth related to the resistance of excess-moisture injury. I have undertaken to charify the mechanism of "excess-moisture injury in barley cultivation of drained paddy field soil. the result of this experimental showed that the harm done to the growth and the harvest was remarkable result in this studies are summariged as following 5 stages (infant-nursery-bed period, tilling-peak period, very-young-head forming period, expensione growth period and sprouting period) (1)Excess-moisture injury in winter:- The visual symptoms of excess-moisture injury appear already, thought gradually, in January, when the soil moisture is too high and probably the oxygen supply to the root is restricted, for example in case of barely plant stunted in growth and shows yellowish or brownish color leaves followed by drying of terminal portions of the leaves. The root system becomes more restricted and less fibrous, dark in color and its growth is suspended. Anatomical observation showed that the brownish color of the injured root, especially at the root tips, is attributed the necrotic change in the rot cells. Another change in the injured root is the cospicuous ligification in stele and endodermal cells of the root, and also the same phenomena goes on step by step in the cortical and epidermal cells including root-hairs. It became clear that the stiffness of the injured root may be ascribed to the lignification of the root tissues. But, in this season even wet in wet soil, any physical and chemical changes which may affect the plant growth were not seen, this may be due to the low temperature (around 5℃) of the soil in which the microbial activities are restraind and the subsequent maintenance of high redox-potentials of the soil. so the injury of this period mainly due to the poor aeration around the root, regardless of the changes of soil conditions. (2) Execess moisture-injury in spring and summer:- When the temperature of the soil rises up to 8-10℃ or higher, then all of a sudden plants come to be seriously injured. That is, the stunted growth, yellowish or brownish green color of young leaves and withering of older leaves are notable features at the time. The root system developed poorly: Seminal roots were injured showing necrotic changes and the crown roots stoped their growth owing to the death of their tips, and rapid lignification of the root cells was recognized as described. In this period, besides the necrotic changes or lignification of the root, inorganic iron was detected abundantly in rot tissues, particularly at the root tips, while in the healthy ones such substance could not be seen. If the temperature rises furthermore, black depositions are seen here and there on the surface or inner parts of the roots. This deposition was confirmed to be the product of Fe^++ and S" coming separately into the roots from the wet soil. Author recognized the essential differences between the characteristics of the soil in this period from those of the soil in winter. That is, the soil in this period shows low redox-potentials and Fe^++ and S" are formed to such an extent as seems harmful to the plant. It was also ascertained that those harmful imgredients will intrude casily into the root tissue and act as poisons within it. Beside necrotic change of lignification of the root cell, histological change occurs in the root, namely the formation of intercellulary cavities due to the Lysigenous rupture or dissolution of the cortical cells. (3) Resistance of plant against high soil moisture and the degree of development of air conducting system:- According to the present investigation, Author reached to the conclusion that, in the barley plant which has a strong resistance against excess moisture, the oxygen needed for root respiration will be mainly sent from the leaf via stem 10 the root, whereas in the weak plant, oxygen is supplied directly to the root from the air in the soil. And the tolerability of plant to anaerobic condition of the soil may be attributed to the degree of transporting power of oxygen from the top to the root. The structural differences seen in conducting tissues between upland and swamp plant, especially in the cortex of the root, strongly endorse the above view. Namely, in the submersion the air conducting tissues are well developed and consequently air transporting power from the aerial part to the root seems to be superior to the latter. (4) Tolerability of plant to the high moisture of the soil and the redox-potentials of the soil:- Author testified that the lowering of redox potentials of the wet soil around the roots leads to low potentials of the root cells, and in the case of barley, this promotes the lignification of the root cells, and the resulted lignin defends the intrusion of reduced poisoning ingredients. According to the above fact, Author came to the conclusion that the lignification in the root as in barley root or the formation of intercellular spaces in the cortex of plant root may have to be considered a "Adaptation" against the unfavourable circumstances such as poot aeration around the root. (5) In over-moist soil conditions, plant diminishes the water absorbing power. It was considered that the withering and etiolation of leaves in wet soil, are partly due to the weakened absorbing power of nutrient water. Furthermore author tested the changes of activities of Oxydation Reduction enzymes (Fe-Enzymes) such as Peroxydase and catalase in the roots of barley which were grown in overmoist soil, and ascertained that the activities of oxydase was declined, on the contrary, the activities of catalase was promoted. The change of activities of such enzymes in the roots are presumed to lower the redox-potentials of the root cells, and the lowering of redox-potentials in likely to accelerate the lignification of the tissues. (6) According to the experimention all the plants Examined, regardless of upland and swamp plants, withered when they are left under strongly reduced soil conditions, though the duration is notable different. Substantial differences were not therefore found about the mechanism of the injury between upland and swamp plant. As far as Author experiment concerned, "excess=moisture injury" did not occur, if the osil around the toots has 30 percent or more air spaces, even much decomposable organic matter existed in the soil. This also was ascertained in the field. (7) On way of the present experiment, author found that in Juncaceae or Iridaceae, which have remarkable tolerability against excess moisture, root hairs are strongly lignified. With this lignified root hair, the meaning of its existence is not yet clear as it was not studied thoroughly. But it was ascertained that lignification of root-hairs also occurs in barley like the plants just mentioned, when they are put under swamp conditions. This presumed to be a strengthening of excess-moisture tolerability, that is a kind of adaptation of the plant which are originally weak against excess moistured soil conditions.

沓裏作麥의 濕害에 關한 考察

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Excess-moisture injury has logn been recognized as one of main factors which give remarkable influence upon the growth and yield of barley as a winter crops of submerged paddy fields. This studies were conducted in order to obtain some information on the response to excess-moisture injury in winter barley which were cultured in submerged paddy field. Some experimental result in these studies are summarized as follows : <본문참조>

보리의 濕害에 關한 硏究

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

地下水位의 高低에 依한 여러 가지 土壤濕害가 보리의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響을 調査하기 爲하여 4年間에 걸쳐서 皮?? 水原18號 使用한 pot實驗結果를 要約하면 다음고 같다. ① 主要生育時期의 滯水處理回數가 보리의 生育 및 收量形質에 미치는 影響에서는 보리의 生育中 어느 時期에 處理하여도 滯水處理를 當한 區는 無處理區에 比하여 生育은 顯著히 抑制되었으며 處理回數가 增加하면 할수록 生長은 점점 더 抑制當했다. 特히 穗孕期의 被害가 가장 컸으며 다음은 伸張期 및 出穗期의 順으로 收量減少를 招來했으며 5日間의 出穗遲延을 招來하게 되었다. ② 滯水處理에 依한 보리의 濕害는 冬季의 濕害보다도 生育이 旺盛한 春季의 濕害가 더 크게 出現되었으며 營養生長期보다도 生殖生長期에서 더 크게 生長 및 收量이 激減되었다. ③ 主要 生育時期別 滯水處理 日數가 보리의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響에서는 處理日數의 多少에 따라 增減의 差가 發生하였으며 보리 一生中에 穗孕期에 가장 被害가 컸고 幼苗期때가 가장 被害가 輕하게 出現되었다. ④ 地下水位의 高低가 보리의 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響에서는 地下水位가 10cm區에서 被害가 最大로 出現되었으며 다음은 20cm, 30cm 및 40cm區의 順으로 生育 및 收量의 被害가 漸次로 輕減되었으며 6日間의 出穗遲延을 招來하게 되었다. ⑤ 地下水位의 高低에 依한 보리의 成分分析 結果에서는 亞酸化鐵(Fe^++)망간등이 地上部인 莖葉보다도 地下部인 根에 더욱 많이 含有되었으며 窒素燐酸 等은 根보다도 莖葉에서 더 많이 含有되었다. 따라서 土壤의 酸化還元電位(Eh)는 地下水位가 낮을수록 낮게 나타났다. ⑥ 滯水處理에 依하여 濕害를 當한 區는 無處理區에 比하여 地上部의 莖葉이 靑綠色이었던 것이 黃褐色으로 變했으며 地下部인 根端細胞도 乳白色에서 暗褐色으로 漸變하면서 及其也는 黑褐色으로 變하게 되어 濕害樣象이 더욱 크게 出現하게 되었다. ⑦ 地下水位가 낮을수록 滯水處理에 依한 地下水位가 높은 곳에 比하여 葉綠素의 含量이 增加되었으며 더욱 靑綠色을 나타내고 있었으며 呼吸作用 및 光合成量도 增加되고 있었다. 따라서 根活力도 더욱 旺盛하게 作用하였으며 氣孔의 開閉運動이 活潑히 作用하고 있었다. ⑧ 滯水處理에 依한 地下水位의 高低差에 따라 土壤內의 質的變化를 招來케 되었으며 其 結果 pH 및 Eh의 低下는 地下에서 크게 作用되었다. 따라서 根에 木化가 進行하게 되었으며 地下水位 10cm 區에서 가장 크게 나타났고 다음은 20cm, 30cm 및 40cm 區의 順으로 根의 木化(lignification)가 漸漸 더 激甚하게 進展되면서 及其也는 根의 壤死를 招來시키고 있음이 鏡檢에서 나타나고 있었다. ⑨ 滯水處理에 依하여 濕害를 當한 區는 無處理에 比하여 初期生育은 旺盛한 便이었으나 어느 限度를 지나면 漸次로 生育이 衰退하게 되며 生育 및 收量이 漸減되어지고 있었다. ⑩ 滯水處理에 依해 濕害發生의 主因은 土壤內의 通氣不良에 따른 酸素供給이 不圓滑해짐으로써 土壤內의 質的變化를 招來케 되므로 因하여 有害한 還元生産物의 生成과 炭酸gas의 生成등이 根의 生育에 被害를 주게 되었으며 이것들이 根에 吸收됨으로써 根에 木化(lignification)가 進行하게 되면서 結局은 壤死(Necros)하게 되었다(사진 10) This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of various soil in excess-moisture injury upon the underground watter level of barley and studies on the damage due to excessive watter in the soil of barley cultivated on the plastic pot in every season during 1982 to 1985. the results obtained are summarized as follow: (1) From the studies on the effects of times of sub-mersion on the vegetative growth and yield characters, the following results were obtained, the barley plants were damaged sub-merged soil during plats growth, the degree of damage was increased as the times of watter sub-mersion were increased, especially the plants which were sub-merged during head sprouting period were severely damaged and next severe damage was occured when plants in expension growth period and heading period were sub-merged. (2) The excessive watter damage due to sub-mersion was greater during the winter season than during the spring season, the plant growth was greatly retarted and yield was also highly reduce when plants were sub-merged during reproductive growing period compare to the plants sub-merged during vegetative period. (3) From the studies on the effects of days of watter sub-mersion during the growing periods, the following results are obtained the plants growth were greatly retarded as the days of watter sub-mersion extended and the most severe damage was observed when the plants in gead sprouting period were sub-merged, the lightest damage was observed when the plants infantnursury-bed period were sub-merged. (4) Ffrom the studies on the effects of under-ground watter levels on barley growth and yields, the following results were obtained, the damage due to the underground watter levels was least in 10cm of watter levels, the degree of damage was in the order of 20cm, 30cm and 40cm. (5) The leaf and stem color of plants subjected to excessive brown and-the roots color changed to from white cleam color to dark brown. (6) Under condition of high under-ground watter level the Fe^++ and Mn was higher in the root and N.Pand K were found more in the stems and leves, the soil Eh was low when the underground watter level was low. (7) The chlorophyll contant was increased as the under-ground watter levels get higher, the same was true for the respiration and photosynthesis rate therefore the root activities and stomato opening were greatly influenced by the under-ground watter levels.