A New Iterative LT Decoding Algorithm for Binary and Nonbinary Galois Fields

Mao, Yuexin,Huang, Jie,Wang, Bing,Huang, Jianzhong,Zhou, Wei,Zhou, Shengli The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4

Digital fountain codes are record-breaking codes for erasure channels. They have many potential applications in both wired and wireless communications. Most existing digital fountain codes operate over binary fields using an iterative belief-propagation (BP) decoding algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new iterative decoding algorithm for both binary and nonbinary fields. The basic form of our proposed algorithm considers both degree-1 and degree-2 check nodes (instead of only degree-1 check nodes as in the original BP decoding scheme), and has linear complexity. Extensive simulation demonstrates that it outperforms the original BP decoding scheme, especially for a small number of source packets. The enhanced form of the proposed algorithm combines the basic form of the algorithm and a guess-based algorithm to further improve the decoding performance. Simulation results demonstrate that it can provide better decoding performance than the guess-based algorithm with fewer guesses, and can achieve decoding performance close to that of the maximum likelihood decoder at a much lower decoding complexity. Last, we show that our nonbinary scheme has the potential to outperform the binary scheme when choosing suitable degree distributions, and furthermore it is insensitive to the size of the Galois field.

Cytogenetical Identification in Seven Species of Elytrigia Desv.

Mao Peisheng,Wang Xinguo,Huang Ying,Meng Lin,Mao Peichun 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08

The ploid level of 46 germplasms of Elytrigia Desv. were observed and determined with the microscope, which are from 21 countries and areas that United States of America offered. The results showed these accessions were grouped into three distinct ploid levels including diploidy, tetraploidy and hexaploidy in E. intermedia, E. repens, E. elongata, E. pontica, E. caespitosa, E. juncea, E. alatavica. There were 24 diploid accessions, 1 tetraploidy and 1 hexaploidy in E. intermedia; 4 diploid accessions and 3 tetraploidy in E. repens, 6 texaploidy and 1 hexaploidy in E. elongata, 1 diploidy and 2 tetraploidy in E. pontica, all of E. caespitosa, E. juncea and E. alatavica were diploidy.

Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Hydrophobicity Based on BHT Additive

Yuelong Huang,Yuelong Huang,Zhu Ma,Hanying Mao,Yuepeng Li,Hua Yu,Changtao Peng 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.2

Remarkable progress has been achieved in organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, poor environmental stability of PSCs has been proved to be challenging and needs further improvement. Here, a strategy of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant additive with hydrophobic tert butyl and hydrophilic hydroxyl is developed to enhance the hydrophobicity, control nucleation rate and passivate the defect states of perovskite. The tert butyl group effectively prevents the penetration of moisture, as well as the formed hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and iodine controls the assembly process of BHT and perovskite. By optimizing weight ratio of BHT and MAPbI3 in precursor solution, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs increased from 14.93% to 18.28% and greatly enhanced device stability compared with control device. We believe that our tactic of BHT additive can be applied to various perovskite films and will facilitate the realization of stable perovskite optoelectronics.

A New Iterative LT Decoding Algorithm for Binary and Nonbinary Galois Fields

Yuexin Mao,Jie Huang,Bing Wang,Jianzhong Huang,Wei Zhou,Shengli Zhou 한국통신학회 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4

Digital fountain codes are record-breaking codes for erasure channels. They have many potential applications in both wired and wireless communications. Most existing digital fountain codes operate over binary fields using an iterative belief-propagation (BP) decoding algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new iterative decoding algorithm for both binary and nonbinary fields. The basic form of our proposed algorithm considers both degree-1 and degree-2 check nodes (instead of only degree-1 check nodes as in the original BP decoding scheme), and has linear complexity. Extensive simulation demonstrates that it outperforms the original BP decoding scheme, especially for a small number of source packets. The enhanced form of the proposed algorithm combines the basic form of the algorithm and a guess-based algorithm to further improve the decoding performance. Simulation results demonstrate that it can provide better decoding performance than the guess-based algorithm with fewer guesses, and can achieve decoding performance close to that of the maximum likelihood decoder at a much lower decoding complexity. Last, we show that our nonbinary scheme has the potential to outperform the binary scheme when choosing suitable degree distributions, and furthermore it is insensitive to the size of the Galois field.

Four Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and the risk for coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 47 studies

Dan Xiao,Kaisen Huang,Qingyong Chen,Baotao Huang,Wei Liu,Yong Peng,Mao Chen,Dejia Huang,Tong Zou,Jiefu Yang 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.7

Apolipoprotein B plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism. Many studies have evaluated the association between Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms (XbaI, EcoRI, SpIns/Del, MspI) and the risk for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, the results remain inconsistent, particularly among different populations. To more precisely determine the association between Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction risk, we performed a meta-analysis via a comprehensive search of electronic databases (up to February 1st, 2015), odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed or random effect model. A total of 47 studies, with 9411 coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction cases and 9082 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results revealed significant associations between an increased risk of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction and EcoRI (AA vs GG: OR 1.511, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.098, 2.078) and SpIns/Del (DD vs II: OR 1.331, 95 % CI 1.064, 1.665) alleles in the general population. In a subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, the T allele of the XbaI variant was associated with a decreased risk in Caucasians, whereas it was associated with an increased risk among the East Asian population. No significant correlation was detected between the A allele of the MspI variant and the coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction risk in either the general population or any ethnic subgroup. The results of our study suggest that Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms may affect the coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction susceptibility and these effects may display notable discrepancies among different populations.

Synthesis and Evaluation O-Benzyl Oxime-ether Derivatives Containing β-Methoxyacrylate Moiety for Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

Hu, Zhi-Bin,Luo, He-An,Wang, Xiao-Guang,Huang, Ming-Zhi,Huang, Lu,Pang, Huai-Lin,Mao, Chun-Hui,Pei, Hui,Huang, Chao-Qun,Sun, Jiong,Liu, Ping-Le,Liu, Ai-Ping Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4

In attempt to lead compounds exhibiting both insecticidal and fungicidal activities, a series of O-benzyl oximeether derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate pharmacophore into a scaffold. The insecticidal activity against Aphis fabae and the fungicidal activity against Erysiphe graminis were screened. The title compounds exhibited remarkable insecticidal and fungicidal activities. The most potent compound 6d was identified. Its insecticidal $LC_{50}$ against A. fabae is 6.4 mg/L, which is lower than that of chlorfenapyr (19.4 mg/L) and even close to the level of imidacloprid (4.8 mg/L). Its fungicidal $EC_{90}$ in preventive and curative treatment against E. graminis are 2.2 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than azoxystrobin (7.0 and 5.9 mg/L). These results indicate that compound 6d can be considered as a lead for further developing new O-benzyl oxime-ether typed candidates with both fungicidal and insecticidal activities.

Synthesis and Evaluation O-Benzyl Oxime-ether Derivatives Containing β-Methoxyacrylate Moiety for Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

Zhi-Bin Hu,He-An Luo,Xiao-Guang Wang,Ming-Zhi Huang,Lu Huang,Huai-Lin Pang,Chun-Hui Mao,Hui Pei,Chao-Qun Huang,Jiong Sun,Ping-Le Liu,Ai-Ping Liu 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4

In attempt to lead compounds exhibiting both insecticidal and fungicidal activities, a series of O-benzyl oximeether derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing β-methoxyacrylate pharmacophore into a scaffold. The insecticidal activity against Aphis fabae and the fungicidal activity against Erysiphe graminis were screened. The title compounds exhibited remarkable insecticidal and fungicidal activities. The most potent compound 6d was identified. Its insecticidal LC50 against A. fabae is 6.4 mg/L, which is lower than that of chlorfenapyr (19.4 mg/L) and even close to the level of imidacloprid (4.8 mg/L). Its fungicidal EC90 in preventive and curative treatment against E. graminis are 2.2 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than azoxystrobin (7.0 and 5.9 mg/L). These results indicate that compound 6d can be considered as a lead for further developing new O-benzyl oxime-ether typed candidates with both fungicidal and insecticidal activities.

Evaluation of Microvascular Anastomosis Using Real-Time, Ultra–High-Resolution, Fourier Domain Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography

Huang, Yong,Tong, Dedi,Zhu, Shan,Wu, Lehao,Mao, Qi,Ibrahim, Zuhaib,Lee, W. P. Andrew,Brandacher, Gerald,Kang, Jin U. Williams & Wilkins 2015 Plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol.135 No.4

BACKGROUND:: Evolution in microsurgical techniques and tools has paved the way for supermicrosurgical anastomoses, with vessel diameters often approaching below 0.8 mm in the clinical realm and even smaller (0.2 to 0.3 mm) in murine models. Several imaging and monitoring devices have been introduced for postoperative monitoring, but intraoperative guidance, assessment, and predictability have remained limited to binocular optical microscopy and the surgeon’s experience. The authors present a high-resolution, real-time, three-dimensional imaging modality for intraoperative evaluation of luminal narrowing, thrombus formation, and flow alterations. METHODS:: An imaging modality that provides immediate, in-depth, high-resolution, three-dimensional structure view and flow information of the anastomosed site, called phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography, was developed. Twenty-two mouse femoral artery anastomoses and 17 mouse venous anastomoses were performed and evaluated. Flow status, vessel inner lumen three-dimensional structure, and early thrombus detection were analyzed based on imaging results. Predictions formed correlated with actual long-term surgical outcomes. Eventually, four cases of mouse orthotopic limb transplantation were carried out, and predicted long-term patency based on imaging results was confirmed by actual results. RESULTS:: The assessments based on high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the vessel flow status and inner lumen provided by phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography show 92 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity for arterial anastomoses and 90 percent sensitivity and 86 percent specificity for venous anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS:: Phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography is an effective evaluation tool for microvascular anastomosis. It can predict the long-term vessel patency with high sensitivity and specificity.

A κ-Carrageenase from a Newly Isolated Pseudoalteromonas-like Bacterium, WZUC10

Mao-hong Zhou,Jian-she Ma,Jun Li,Hai-ren Ye,Ke-xin Huang,Xiao-wei Zhao 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.5

A bacterial strain able to produce k-carrageenase, designated WZUC10, was isolated from a live specimen of the red alga Plocamium telfairiae collected in the East China Sea. The phylogenetic evidence and phenotypic features indicate that this strain belongs to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. WZUC10 requires NaCl for growth and k-carrageenan to induce k-carrageenase synthesis; galactose and lactose do not induce it. The optimal growth temperature is 23~27°C. The secreted enzyme, which has a molecular mass of 45 kDa, breaks down k-carrageenan into k-neocarratetraose sulfate and larger oli-gosaccharides with a repeating β-D-Galp4S-(1→4)-α-D-AnGalp structure, but cannot degrade k-neocarratetraose sulfate or k-neocarrahexaose sulfate into k-neocarrabiose sulfate. The enzyme retains 90% of its activity after 2 h at 40°C and is com-pletely inactivated after 7.5 min at 70°C. The enzyme’s optimal temperature is 30°C and its optimal pH is 7.5. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with the Michaelis constant (Km) and the turnover number (k) being 0.015 mM and 125 s-¹, respectively. WZUC10 produces 50 U/mL k-carrageenase after cultivation at 25°C for 35 h on a me-dium containing 80 g/L glucose, 5 g/L corn steep liquor, 3 g/L k-carrageenan, and 15 g/L NaCl. k-Neocarratetraose sulfate was prepared simply with precipitation by ethanol:water (5:1, v/v).

Circular RNA expression profiles in the porcine liver of two distinct phenotype pig breeds

Huang, Minjie,Shen, Yifei,Mao, Haiguang,Chen, Lixing,Chen, Jiucheng,Guo, Xiaoling,Xu, Ningying Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.6

Objective: An experiment was conducted to identify and characterize the circular RNA expression and metabolic characteristics in the liver of Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs. Methods: Three Jinhua pigs and three Landrace pigs respectively at 70-day were slaughtered to collect the liver tissue samples. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to detect serum biochemical indicators. Total RNA extracted from liver tissue samples were used to prepare the library and then sequence on HiSeq 2500. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze sequence data to identify the circRNAs and predict the potential roles of differentially expressed circRNAs between the two breeds. Results: Significant differences in physiological and biochemical traits were observed between growing Jinhua and Landrace pigs. We identified 84,864 circRNA candidates in two breeds and 366 circRNAs were detected as significantly differentially expressed. Their host genes are involved in lipid biosynthetic and metabolic processes according to the gene ontology analysis and associated with metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Our research represents the first description of circRNA profiles in the porcine liver from two divergent phenotype pigs. The predicted miRNA-circRNA interaction provides important basis for miRNA-circRNA relationships in the porcine liver. These data expand the repertories of porcine circRNA and are conducive to understanding the possible molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA and circRNA. Our study provides basic data for further research of the biological functions of circRNAs in the porcine liver.