Identifying natural genotypes of grain number per panicle in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by association mapping

Jianyin Xie,Fengmei Li,Najeeb Ullah Khan,Xiaoyang Zhu,Xueqiang Wang,Zhifang Zhang,Xiaoqian Ma,Yan Zhao,Quan Zhang,Shuyang Zhang,Zhanying Zhang,Jinjie Li,Zichao Li,Hongliang Zhang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.3

Introduction As one of the main yield components, grain number per panicle (GNP) played critical role in the rice yield improvement. The identification of natural advantageous variations under different situations will promote the sustainable genetic improvement in rice yield. Objectives This study was designed to identify natural genotypes in a rice mini-core collection, to examine the genotypic effects across the indica and japonica genetic background in different environments, and excavating the superior genotypes that had drove the modern genetic improvement. Methods The association mapping of GNP was carried out using a mini-core collection including 154 indica and 119 japonica accessions in seven different environments. Genotypic effects of each genotype for each QTL were calculated and genotype frequency distortion between the commercial rice cultivars and landraces was screened by χ2-test. Results In total, 74 QTLs containing stable and sensitive QTLs in various environments were detected. Within them, 20 positive and 24 negative genotypes in indica, and 24 positive and 16 negative genotypes in japonica were identified. When checking the accumulation of positive genotypes identified in indica across cultivars in each of the two subspecies, it indicated that increased number of positive genotypes identified in indica results in the substantially increased GNP in both indica and japonica across all of the environments, while this trend was not obvious for the positive genotypes identified in japonica especially in short day environments. Moreover, the positive and negative genotype frequency distortion between the landraces and commercial rice cultivars indicated that both positive selection of positive genotypes and negative selection of negative genotypes had driven the genetic improvement on GNP. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the accumulation of positive genotypes and purifying negative genotypes played equivalently important roles in the improvement of rice yield, but the efficient use for some QTLs or genotypes depends on the comprehensive evaluation of their effect under diverse genetic backgrounds and environments.

Influences of Pump Spot Radius and Depth of Focus on the Thermal Effect of Tm:YAP Crystal

Hongliang Zhang,Ya Wen,Lin Zhang,Zhen Fan,Jinge Liu,Chunting Wu 한국광학회 2019 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.5

The thermal effect and the light output of a laser crystal under different pumping depths were reported., Based on the thermal model of a single-ended pumped Tm:YAP crystal, the thermal stress coupled model used Comsol to theoretically calculate the effect of changing the pump spot size and pump depth on crystal heat distribution and stress distribution. The experimental results showed that the laser output power first increased and then decreased with increasing pump spot size. As the depth of focus increased, the laser output power first increased and then decreased. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical simulation results. The theory of pump spot radius and depth of focus in this paper provided an effective simulation method for mitigating thermal effects, and provided theoretical supports for laser crystals to obtain higher laser output power.

Magnetic and Structural Properties of MnBi<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ti<SUB>x</SUB> Alloys

Suyin Zhang,Pengyue Zhang,HuanChang Jiang,Yaojun Shi,Nengjun Yu,Hongliang Ge 한국자기학회 2014 Journal of Magnetics Vol.19 No.3

MnBi1-xTix (x = 0, 0.4, 0.7, 1) alloys were prepared by arc-melting, followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to measure and investigate the phase structure and magnetic properties. The temperature dependent magnetization curves indicate that the phase transitions between LTP and HTP MnBi occur with heating or cooling in MnBi1-xTix (x ≤ 0.7) samples. However, MnTi samples are in Mn₂Ti single-phase, with very low magnetic properties. Furthermore, the coercivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient. The results show that the optimal content of Ti for the coercivity of MnBi1-xTix alloy is x = 0.4. For MnBi sample, the coercivity reaches a maximum value of 1.13 T at 550 K. However, the remanence and energy product show apparent decrease with the addition of Ti in MnBi1-xTix alloys.

<i>OsASR5</i> enhances drought tolerance through a stomatal closure pathway associated with ABA and H ₂ O ₂ signalling in rice

Li, Jinjie,Li, Yang,Yin, Zhigang,Jiang, Jihong,Zhang, Minghui,Guo, Xiao,Ye, Zhujia,Zhao, Yan,Xiong, Haiyan,Zhang, Zhanying,Shao, Yujie,Jiang, Conghui,Zhang, Hongliang,An, Gynheung,Paek, Nam‐,Cho John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Plant biotechnology journal Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that directly implicate plant growth and crop productivity. Although many genes in response to drought stress have been identified, genetic improvement to drought resistance especially in food crops is showing relatively slow progress worldwide. Here, we reported the isolation of <I>abscisic acid</I>,<I> stress</I> and <I>ripening</I> (<I>ASR</I>) genes from upland rice variety, IRAT109 (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L. ssp. <I>japonica</I>), and demonstrated that overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> enhanced osmotic tolerance in <I>Escherichia coli</I> and drought tolerance in <I>Arabidopsis</I> and rice by regulating leaf water status under drought stress conditions. Moreover, overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> in rice increased endogenous ABA level and showed hypersensitive to exogenous ABA treatment at both germination and postgermination stages. The production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, a second messenger for the induction of stomatal closure in response to ABA, was activated in overexpression plants under drought stress conditions, consequently, increased stomatal closure and decreased stomatal conductance. In contrast, the loss‐of‐function mutant, <I>osasr5</I>, showed sensitivity to drought stress with lower relative water content under drought stress conditions. Further studies demonstrated that OsASR5 functioned as chaperone‐like protein and interacted with stress‐related HSP40 and 2OG‐Fe (II) oxygenase domain containing proteins in yeast and plants. Taken together, we suggest that <I>OsASR5</I> plays multiple roles in response to drought stress by regulating ABA biosynthesis, promoting stomatal closure, as well as acting as chaperone‐like protein that possibly prevents drought stress‐related proteins from inactivation.</P>

The self-excited vibrations of an axially retracting cantilever beam using the Galerkin method with fitted polynomial basis functions

Hongliang Hua,Zhenqiang Liao,Xiangyan Zhang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

In the present study, the self-excited vibrations of an axially retracting beam under gravity is investigated. A GFB method is presented to discretize the system energy functions, in which the orthogonality relationships between the basis functions are needless. In this way, the motion equations can be derived in a much simpler way of matrix. The presented method and the derived motion equations are validated by comparing the computed results with which from previous literature. Based on the computed dynamic responses, the effect of gravity on beam dynamic behavior is investigated. An interesting phenomenon of self-excited vibration is observed as the beam retracts with a certain axial speed. Finally, the effects of retracting speed, structural damping and static tip deflection on self-excited vibration are investigated.

Static and Seismic Experimental Study of Novel Prefabricated Beam-Column Joints with Elongated-Hole Brackets

Zhang Zhiwei,Li Dong,Wang Huajie,Li Songling,Qian Hongliang,Bi Yanhua,Wang Guoxing,Jin Xiaofei,Fan Feng 한국강구조학회 2024 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.24 No.1

To enhance the structural connectivity of prefabricated steel frame systems and augment their construction effi ciency, this study introduces an innovative prefabricated joint design tailored for square steel columns and H-beams characterized by varying beam heights. This study includes both static loading tests and seismic tests performed on full-scale joints featuring two diff erent beam heights. This investigation involved a comprehensive analysis of the static and seismic performance of the joints, employing various performance metrics such as ultimate load capacities, ultimate rotation angles, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiff ness degradation curves, and ductility coeffi cients, in alignment with established structural codes and standards. The results indicate that the plasticity of the H-beam is fully developed, exhibiting a relative slip phenomenon. Additionally, the joints demonstrate commendable rotational capacity, with hysteresis curves consistently manifesting an inverse S-shape and exhibiting noteworthy stiff ness degradation. Furthermore, the comparison with the unimproved joint shows that the novel joint, in addition to being easy to construct, has better ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The results of the study will provide a technical reference for further optimization and application of prefabricated beam-column joints.

Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide Emissions and the Affecting Factors from Vegetable Fields in the North China Plain

Hongliang Yan,Jingwei Fan,Tiantian Diao,He Zhang,Miao Lin,Erda Lin,Liping Guo 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Significance of Preoperative Nerve Reconstruction Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography for Facial Nerve Protection in Vestibular Schwannoma

Yuanlong Zhang,Hongliang Ge,Mingxia Xu,Wenzhong Mei 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.2

Objective : The facial nerve trace on the ipsilateral side of the vestibular schwannoma was reconstructed by diffusion tensor imaging tractography to identify the adjacent relationship between the facial nerve and the tumor, and to improve the level of intraoperative facial nerve protection. Methods : The clinical data of 30 cases of unilateral vestibular schwannoma who underwent tumor resection via retrosigmoid approach were collected between January 2019 and December 2020. All cases underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination before operation. Diffusion tensor imaging and anatomical images were used to reconstruct the facial nerve track of the affected side, so as to predict the course of the nerve and its adjacent relationship with the tumor, to compare the actual trace of the facial nerve during operation, verify the degree of coincidence, and evaluate the nerve function (House-Brackmann grade) after surgery. Results : The facial nerve of 27 out of 30 cases could be displayed by diffusion tensor imaging tractography, and the tracking rate was 90% (27/30). The intraoperative locations of facial nerve shown in 25 cases were consistent with the preoperative reconstruction results. The coincidence rate was 92.6% (25/27). The facial nerves were located on the anterior middle part of the tumor in 14 cases, anterior upper part in eight cases, anterior lower part in seven cases, and superior polar in one case. Intraoperative facial nerve anatomy was preserved in 30 cases. Among the 30 patients, total resection was performed in 28 cases and subtotal resection in two cases. The facial nerve function was evaluated 2 weeks after operation, and the results showed grade I in 12 cases, grade II in 16 cases and grade III in two cases. Conclusion : Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography can clearly show the trajectory and adjacent position of the facial nerve on the side of vestibular schwannoma, which is beneficial to accurately identify and effectively protect the facial nerve during the operation, and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Metal-Doped In2O3 Nanosphere Arrays with Enhanced Gas-Sensing Property

Xuanji Zhang,Ni Deng,Xianjia Chen,Yanting Yang,Jing Li,BO HONG,DINGFENG JIN,Xiaoling Peng,XINQING WANG,Hongliang Ge,HONGXIAO JIN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.3

In2O3 and metal-doped (Ni or Ce) In2O3 mesoporous three-dimensional (3D) nanospheres arrays were synthesized via nanocasting using mesoporous silica as hard templates. Effects of Ni or Ce doping on the structure, optical and gas-sensing properties of the In2O3 nanospheres were investigated. Both the undoped and the doped In2O3 nanospheres showed single-phase structure without any impurity. The nanospheres were about 20 nm in size and they stacked closely to formrigid 3D mesoporous structure. Achange in the value of optical band gap was observed upon metal doping. The room temperature photo luminescence behavior also showed some differences between pure and doped In2O3. Compared with pure In2O3 nanospheres, the metal-doped In2O3 exhibited superior response, fast recovery and good selectivity to ethanol. The enhanced gas-sensing properties might be related to the doping of metal ion and its effective contribution towards the oxygen vacancies, conductivity and crystallite size of the grains.

Composite hydrogels filled with inclusion complexes made from β-cyclodextrins with poly(propylene glycol) bisamine

Huaiqing Yu,Hongliang Wei,Dandan Hou,Ai-ying Zhang,Zeng-guo Feng 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.s1

A novel kind of composite hydrogel lled with inclusion complexes (ICs) made fromb-cyclodextrins (b-CDs) with amine-terminatedpoly(propylene glycol) (PPG-BA) was prepared by copolymerization of methacryloyl end-capped poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-(L-lactide) macromer (DMPEGL) with acrylic acid (AA) in water under UV irradiation. Owing to the hydrogen bonding interactionof COOH in AA on the network backbones with NH2 and OH in ICs embedded in the crosslinked network, the composite hydrogelsmechanical properties being signicantly improved. The mass loss test conducted in water indicates that they degrade by following a dualdegradation mechanism, that is, not onlyb-CDs slipping from the polymer axles and then escaping out of the hydrogel network, but alsothe bulk hydrogel network hydrolyzing itself to lose the weight. These composite hydrogels show potential to be used as biomaterials fortissue engineering scaolds and carriers of drugs with controlled release.