The Terminology of Silks in Texts of the Roman Empire: Qualities, Origins, Products, and Uses

( Berit Hildebrandt ) 계명대학교 실크로드중앙아시아연구원 2021 Acta Via Serica Vol.6 No.2

At the beginning of the Roman imperial period, moralizing authors criticized a material from the East that quickly gained popularity among the elites: silk. During Late Antiquity, the trade, production, and use of purple-dyed silks increasingly became the privilege of the emperors. While literature, court poetry, and laws give insights into the discourses surrounding silk, they are rather unspecific concerning silk qualities. This contribution analyzes the scattered descriptions of silks in Greek and Latin texts in a diachronic perspective, with a focus on the 1st cent. BCE to the 4th cent. CE, paying particular attention to the terminology, products, origins, and qualities of silk. The aim is to build a framework for comparisons with archaeological silk finds and other textile terminologies along the Silk Roads. Here, the silk finds from the oasis city of Palmyra/Tadmor in modern-day Syria, dating from the 1st cent. BCE to the 2nd cent. CE, will be used as a case study for the early imperial period. Taking these silk finds as a comparison, it will be shown that Greek and Latin terminology does not match the variety of silks known in the Mediterranean. Rather, linguistic differentiations focus on the forms in which silk reached the Mediterranean, as skeins, yarns, and fabrics, as well as on the different kinds of silks that were produced in the West, namely pure silk and half-silken fabrics, checkered “scutlata” damasks, purple-dyed, and gold-embellished silks. In contrast, silks from the East were subsumed under the term for “silks from the silk people” or simply “silks”. Moreover, ancient authors do not use the terms in the same way. These findings show the limitations of Western silk terminology and the importance of combining archaeological and written sources.

Trajectory Tracking For Boom Cranes Using A Flatness Based Approach

J. Neupert,A. Hildebrandt,O. Sawodny,K. Schneider 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Kinin B1 receptor blockade and ACE inhibition attenuate cardiac postinfarction remodeling and heart failure in rats

Lin, X.,Bernloehr, C.,Hildebrandt, T.,Stadler, F.J.,Doods, H.,Wu, D. Academic Press 2016 Toxicology and applied pharmacology Vol.305 No.-

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the novel kinin B1 receptor antagonist BI113823 on postinfarction cardiac remodeling and heart failure, and to determine whether B1 receptor blockade alters the cardiovascular effects of an angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in rats. Methods and results: Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery. Cardiovascular function was determined at 6weeks postinfarction. Treatment with either B1 receptor antagonist (BI113823) or an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) alone or in combination significantly reduced the heart weight-to-body weight and lung weight-to-body weight ratios, and improved postinfarction cardiac function as evidenced by greater cardiac output, the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+/-dP/dtmax), left ventricle ejection fraction, fractional shorting, better wall motion, and attenuation of elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Furthermore, all three treatment groups exhibited significant reduction in cardiac interstitial fibrosis, collagen deposition, CD68 positive macrophages, neutrophils, and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β), compared to vehicle controls. Conclusion: The present study shows that treatment with the novel kinin B1 receptor antagonist, BI113823, reduces postinfarction cardiac remodeling and heart failure, and does not influence the cardiovascular effects of the ACE inhibitor.

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: The effect of hydrophobicity on silica-supported iron catalysts

Chike George Okoye-Chine,Mahluli Moyo,Diane Hildebrandt 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-

This work focuses on the effect of surface hydrophobicity of SiO2 supports on the performance ofSiO2-supported Fe catalysts during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Three different hydrophobized SiO2supports were synthesized by varying the amount of the dichlorodimethylsilane used for thehydrophobization of the hydrophilic mesoporous SiO2 gel. Fe metal of approximately 9 wt% was loadedon the hydrophilic SiO2, and three hydrophobized SiO2 supports by homogeneous depositionprecipitation. The wholly hydrophobized SiO2 surface improved the catalytic activity of Fe catalystsbecause the hydrophobized SiO2 increased the reducibility of the iron oxide and inhibited readsorption ofwater over the surface of the Fe catalyst, therefore creating more available active sites for the adsorptionof CO. Also, hydrophobized SiO2 decreased the CH4 selectivity and C2–C4 selectivity and increasedC5+ selectivity of the Fe catalysts due to the promotion of chain growth by the hydrophobized SiO2. Furthermore, the hydrophobized SiO2 decreased the CO2 selectivity of the Fe catalysts because thehydrophobized SiO2 hindered the readsorption of water over the surface of the Fe catalysts, which leadsto the inhibition of water gas shift reaction and subsequently the hindering of the CO2 formation.

PLCE1 regulates the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of podocytes

Seyoung Yu,Won-Il Choi,Yo Jun Choi,김혜연,Friedhelm Hildebrandt,지헌영 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

PLCE1 encodes phospholipase C epsilon, and its mutations cause recessive nephrotic syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which PLCE1 mutations result in defects associated with glomerular function are not clear. To address this, we investigated the function of PLCE1 in podocytes called glomerular epithelial cells, where the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome converges. PLCE1 colocalized with Rho GTPases in glomeruli. Further, it interacted with Rho GTPases through the pleckstrin homology domain and Ras GTP-binding domains 1/2. Knockdown or knockout of PLCE1 in podocytes resulted in decreased levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42, but not those of RhoA, and caused a reduction in cell migration. PLCE1 interacted with NCK2 but not with NCK1. Similar to the PLCE1 knockout, NCK2 knockout resulted in decreased podocyte migration. Knockout of PLCE1 reduced the EGF-induced activation of ERK and cell proliferation in podocytes, whereas knockout of NCK2 did not affect proliferation. Further, the knockout of PLCE1 also resulted in decreased expression of podocyte markers, including NEPH1, NPHS1, WT1, and SYNPO, upon differentiation, but the knockout of NCK2 did not affect the expression of these markers. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that PLCE1 regulates Rho GTPase activity and cell migration through interacting with NCK2 and that PLCE1 also plays a role in the proliferation and differentiation of podocytes, regardless of the presence of NCK2.

Lower Extremity Motor Deficits Are Underappreciated in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Added Value of Objective Outcome Measures

Martin Nikolaus Stienen,Nicolai Maldaner,Marketa Sosnova,Holger Joswig,Marco Vincenzo Corniola,Luca Regli,Gerhard Hildebrandt,Karl Schaller,Oliver Pascal Gautschi 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1

Objective: The patient-reported outcome measure (PROM)-based evaluation in lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) is today’s gold standard but has limitations. We studied the impact of lower extremity motor deficits (LEMDs) on PROMs and a new objective outcome measure. Methods: We evaluated patients with lumbar DDD from a prospective 2-center database. LEMDs were graded according to the British Medical Research Council (BMRC; 5 [normal] –0 [no movement]). The PROM-based evaluation included pain (visual analogue scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] & Roland-Morris Disability Index [RMDI]), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form 12 physical component summary/mental component summary & EuroQol-5D index). Objective functional impairment (OFI) was determined as age- and sex-adjusted Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test value. Results: One hundred five of 375 patients (28.0%) had a LEMD. Patients with LEMD had slightly higher disability (ODI: 52.8 vs. 48.2, p=0.025; RMDI: 12.6 vs. 11.3, p=0.034) but similar pain and HRQoL scores. OFI T-scores were significantly higher in patients with LEMD (144.2 vs. 124.3, p=0.006). When comparing patients with high- (BMRC 0–2) vs. low-grade LEMD (BMRC 3–4), no difference was evident for the PROM-based evaluation (all p>0.05) but patients with high-grade LEMD had markedly higher OFI T-scores (280.9 vs. 136.0, p=0.001). Patients with LEMD had longer TUG test times and OFI T-scores than matched controls without LEMDs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PROMs fail to sufficiently account for LEMD-associated disability, which is common and oftentimes bothersome to patients. The objective functional evaluation with the TUG test appears to be more sensitive to LEMD-associated disability. An objective functional evaluation of patients with LEMD appears reasonable.

KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: testing the cosmological model with the EG statistic

Amon, A,Blake, C,Heymans, C,Leonard, C D,Asgari, M,Bilicki, M,Choi, A,Erben, T,Glazebrook, K,Harnois-Dé,raps, J,Hildebrandt, H,Hoekstra, H,Joachimi, B,Joudaki, S,Kuijken, K,Lidman, C,Loveday, J Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.479 No.3

Fluorescence Lifetime and Blinking of Individual Semiconductor Nanocrystals on Graphene

Rogez, Benoî,t,Yang, Heejun,Le Moal, Eric,Lé,vê,que-Fort, Sandrine,Boer-Duchemin, Elizabeth,Yao, Fei,Lee, Young-Hee,Zhang, Yang,Wegner, K. David,Hildebrandt, Niko,Mayne, Andrew,Dujar American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.32

<P>A new class of optoelectronic nanodevices consisting of 0D semiconductor nanocrystals and 2D single graphene layers is attracting much attention. In particular, such a system may be used to investigate and control the transfer of energy and charge in low-dimensional systems. To this end, the fluorescence dynamics of individual colloidal quantum dots (QDs) on graphene are investigated on both the 10<SUP>–9</SUP>–10<SUP>–8</SUP> s time scale (fluorescence lifetime) and the 10<SUP>0</SUP>–10<SUP>2</SUP> s time scale (blinking statistics) in this paper. We find that (i) a nonradiative energy transfer rate of ≈5 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> is obtained from the reduced lifetimes of QDs on graphene as opposed to those on insulating substrates such as glass; (ii) QDs still exhibit fluorescence intermittency (“blinking”) on graphene; (iii) the cumulative distribution functions of the “off” times may be described by power-law statistics; (iv) QD coupling to graphene increases the time spent in the “on” state while the time spent in the “off” state remains relatively unchanged; and (v) the fluorescence emission spectrum of the QDs is practically unaltered by the QD–graphene coupling.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-32/jp5061446/production/images/medium/jp-2014-061446_0006.gif'></P>

Photometric redshifts for the Kilo-Degree Survey : Machine-learning analysis with artificial neural networks

Bilicki, M.,Hoekstra, H.,Brown, M. J. I.,Amaro, V.,Blake, C.,Cavuoti, S.,de Jong, J. T. A.,Georgiou, C.,Hildebrandt, H.,Wolf, C.,Amon, A.,Brescia, M.,Brough, S.,Costa-Duarte, M. V.,Erben, T.,Glazebroo EDP Sciences 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.616 No.-

<P>We present a machine-learning photometric redshift (ML photo-<I>z</I>) analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3 (KiDS DR3), using two neural-network based techniques: ANNz2 and MLPQNA. Despite limited coverage of spectroscopic training sets, these ML codes provide photo-<I>z</I>s of quality comparable to, if not better than, those from the Bayesian Photometric Redshift (BPZ) code, at least up to <I>z</I>phot ≲ 0.9 and <I>r</I> ≲ 23.5. At the bright end of <I>r</I> ≲ 20, where very complete spectroscopic data overlapping with KiDS are available, the performance of the ML photo-<I>z</I>s clearly surpasses that of BPZ, currently the primary photo-<I>z</I> method for KiDS. Using the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopic survey as calibration, we furthermore study how photo-<I>z</I>s improve for bright sources when photometric parameters additional to magnitudes are included in the photo-<I>z</I> derivation, as well as when VIKING and WISE infrared (IR) bands are added. While the fiducial four-band <I>ugri</I> setup gives a photo-<I>z</I> bias 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 = −2 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> and scatter <I>σδz/(1+z)</I> < 0.022 at mean 〈<I>z</I>〉 = 0.23, combining magnitudes, colours, and galaxy sizes reduces the scatter by ~7% and the bias by an order of magnitude. Once the <I>ugri</I> and IR magnitudes are joined into 12-band photometry spanning up to 12 <I>μ</I>m, the scatter decreases by more than 10% over the fiducial case. Finally, using the 12 bands together with optical colours and linear sizes gives 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 < 4 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> and <I>σ</I><I>δz</I>/(1+<I>z</I>) < 0.019. This paper also serves as a reference for two public photo-<I>z</I> catalogues accompanying KiDS DR3, both obtained using the ANNz2 code. The first one, of general purpose, includes all the 39 million KiDS sources with four-band <I>ugri</I> measurements in DR3. The second dataset, optimised for low-redshift studies such as galaxy-galaxy lensing, is limited to <I>r</I> ≲ 20, and provides photo-<I>z</I>s of much better quality than in the full-depth case thanks to incorporating optical magnitudes, colours, and sizes in the GAMA-calibrated photo-<I>z</I> derivation.</P>

The JAK/STAT Pathway Is Involved in Synaptic Plasticity

Nicolas, Cé,line ,S.,Peineau, Sté,phane,Amici, Mascia,Csaba, Zsolt,Fafouri, Assia,Javalet, Charlotte,Collett, Valerie ,J.,Hildebrandt, Lars,Seaton, Gillian,Choi, Sun-Lim,Sim, Su-Eo Cell Press 2012 Neuron Vol.73 No.2

<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, immune functions and cancer. It is activated by various cytokines, growth factors, and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and regulates the transcription of many genes. Of the four JAK isoforms and seven STAT isoforms known, JAK2 and STAT3 are highly expressed in the brain where they are present in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Here, we demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we show that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an essential role in the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus. Therefore, in addition to established roles in cytokine signaling, the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in synaptic plasticity in the brain.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The authors demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway in the induction of NMDA-receptor-dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus.</P></▼2>