Scavenger Receptor BI Deficiency in Mice Is Associated With Plasma Ceramide and Sphingomyelin Accumulation and a Reduced Cholesteryl Ester Fatty Acid Length and Unsaturation Degree

Menno Hoekstra,Zhengzheng Zhang,Peter W. Lindenburg,Miranda Van Eck 한국지질동맥경화학회 2024 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.13 No.1

ObjectiveScavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is primarily known for its role in the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters (CEs) from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Here we investigated whether SR-BI deficiency is associated with other potentially relevant changes in the plasma lipidome than the established effect of HDL-cholesterol elevation. MethodsTargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to measure lipid species in plasma from female wild-type and SR-BI knockout mice. ResultsSR-BI deficiency was associated with a reduction in the average CE fatty acid length (−2%; p<0.001) and degree of CE fatty acid unsaturation (−18%; p<0.001) due to a relative shift from longer, polyunsaturated CE species CE (20:4), CE (20:5), and CE (22:6) towards the mono-unsaturated CE (18:1) species. Sphingomyelin (SM) levels were 64% higher (p<0.001) in SR-BI knockout mice without a parallel change in (lyso)phosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations, resulting in an increase in the SM/LPC ratio from 0.102±0.005 to 0.163±0.003 (p<0.001). In addition, lower LPC lengths (−5%; p<0.05) and fatty acid unsaturation degrees (−20%; p<0.01) were detected in SR-BI knockout mice. Furthermore, SR-BI deficiency was associated with a 4.7-fold increase (p<0.001) in total plasma ceramide (Cer) levels, with a marked >9-fold rise (p<0.001) in Cer (d18:1/24:1) concentrations. ConclusionWe have shown that SR-BI deficiency in mice not only impacts the CE concentrations, length, and saturation index within the plasma compartment, but is also associated with plasma accumulation of several Cer and SM species that may contribute to the development of specific hematological and metabolic (disease) phenotypes previously detected in SR-BI knockout mice.

Fresco: intangible heritage as a key to unlocking the links between the conservation of biological and cultural diversity in Alamos

Daan Hoekstra 국립민속박물관 2010 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.5 No.-

Alamos, Sonora, Mexico contains world-class heritage andis on the tentative list for World Heritage status. Thecolonial architecture in the town centre has been declareda National Historic Monument and a unique eco-system ofincomparable biodiversity and is protected underUNESCO’s network of biosphere reserves. Local indigenousgroups keep alive a wealth of information about practicaland medicinal uses of plant species. External forces threaten the natural, cultural and intangibleheritage of the region. The UNESCO guidelines for identifying and clarifying bioculturaldiversity call for multiple regimes of credibility andan interdisciplinary,holistic approach. This paper exploreslinks between biological and cultural diversity seen throughthe lens of the global intangible tradition called frescopainting. An artist’s perspective identifies previouslyunnoticed connections as well as economic alternatives todestructive land-use patterns, resulting in concreteproposals for the conservation of natural, cultural andintangible heritage in Alamos. Fresco is an ideal model for explaining how an intangibletradition expresses itself and positively impacts on bioculturaldiversity at global, regional and local levels. Themodel answers UNESCO’s call for frameworks andmethodologies for recognising and describing theinterdependence of nature and culture, and leads to anunderstanding of the quantitative value of diversity.

Photometric redshifts for the Kilo-Degree Survey : Machine-learning analysis with artificial neural networks

Bilicki, M.,Hoekstra, H.,Brown, M. J. I.,Amaro, V.,Blake, C.,Cavuoti, S.,de Jong, J. T. A.,Georgiou, C.,Hildebrandt, H.,Wolf, C.,Amon, A.,Brescia, M.,Brough, S.,Costa-Duarte, M. V.,Erben, T.,Glazebroo EDP Sciences 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.616 No.-

<P>We present a machine-learning photometric redshift (ML photo-<I>z</I>) analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3 (KiDS DR3), using two neural-network based techniques: ANNz2 and MLPQNA. Despite limited coverage of spectroscopic training sets, these ML codes provide photo-<I>z</I>s of quality comparable to, if not better than, those from the Bayesian Photometric Redshift (BPZ) code, at least up to <I>z</I>phot ≲ 0.9 and <I>r</I> ≲ 23.5. At the bright end of <I>r</I> ≲ 20, where very complete spectroscopic data overlapping with KiDS are available, the performance of the ML photo-<I>z</I>s clearly surpasses that of BPZ, currently the primary photo-<I>z</I> method for KiDS. Using the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopic survey as calibration, we furthermore study how photo-<I>z</I>s improve for bright sources when photometric parameters additional to magnitudes are included in the photo-<I>z</I> derivation, as well as when VIKING and WISE infrared (IR) bands are added. While the fiducial four-band <I>ugri</I> setup gives a photo-<I>z</I> bias 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 = −2 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> and scatter <I>σδz/(1+z)</I> < 0.022 at mean 〈<I>z</I>〉 = 0.23, combining magnitudes, colours, and galaxy sizes reduces the scatter by ~7% and the bias by an order of magnitude. Once the <I>ugri</I> and IR magnitudes are joined into 12-band photometry spanning up to 12 <I>μ</I>m, the scatter decreases by more than 10% over the fiducial case. Finally, using the 12 bands together with optical colours and linear sizes gives 〈<I>δz</I>/(1 + <I>z</I>)〉 < 4 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> and <I>σ</I><I>δz</I>/(1+<I>z</I>) < 0.019. This paper also serves as a reference for two public photo-<I>z</I> catalogues accompanying KiDS DR3, both obtained using the ANNz2 code. The first one, of general purpose, includes all the 39 million KiDS sources with four-band <I>ugri</I> measurements in DR3. The second dataset, optimised for low-redshift studies such as galaxy-galaxy lensing, is limited to <I>r</I> ≲ 20, and provides photo-<I>z</I>s of much better quality than in the full-depth case thanks to incorporating optical magnitudes, colours, and sizes in the GAMA-calibrated photo-<I>z</I> derivation.</P>

Homeownership Determinants of Young People in Post-socialist China and the Implications for Social Stratification

Wen Jing Deng,Joris S. C. M. Hoekstra,Marja G. Elsinga 한국주거학회 2015 한국주거학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

This article aims to study the determinants of young Chinese people’s homeownership. More specifically, it aims to compare the ups and downs of ‘redistributive power’ and ‘market ability’, as well as the influence of ‘ascribed’ and ‘achieved’ social status, in the Chinese social stratification after more than three decades of market transition. Firstly, the paper discusses the issues which link the Chinese housing system and young people. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between explanatory variables and homeownership outcomes among young people. In relation to this, the paper distinguishes between independent homeowners (live independently), dependent homeowners (live with home owning parents), and non-home owners, in order to further explore the impact of home-owning parents. Results show that a redistributive power still persists in the Chinese housing allocation, mainly in the form of territorial affiliation (hukou registration). Ascribed social status, such as original hukou site and social status of parents, is still of influence on homeownership among young people. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of the research findings for the social stratification.

EFFECTS OF COBALT AND NICKEL ON ZINC AVAILABILITY IN CHICKS AND PIGS FED PRACTICAL-TYPE DIETS HIGH IN CALCIUM

Chung, A.S.,Lee, S.T.,Grummer, R.H.,Hoekstra, W.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.2

Experiments were conducted with chicks and pigs to determine whether the sparing effects of cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) on zinc (Zn) nutrition were due to an improved Zn availability. They included a Zn balance study with New Hampshire X Leghorn cross chicks, a $^{65}Zn$ absorption study with Ancona chicks and a $^{65}Zn$ balance study with pigs. The basal diet was a corn-soybean type diet high in calcium. In the Zn balance study with New Hampshire X Leghorn cross chicks, Zn retention percentages for basal, + 54 ppm Ni or + 54 ppm Co were 39.4, 40.4 and 48.3, respectively. In the $^{65}Zn$ absorption study with chicks, adding these levels of Ni or Co to the basal diet increased $^{65}Zn$ absorption from 12.8% to 14.0% and 15.1%, respectively. Supplemental Ni and Co increased the proportion of body $^{65}Zn$ found in liver and bone. With the pig experiment, $^{65}Zn$ retention percentages for basal, +54 ppm Co and + 60 ppm Zn groups were 20.0, 26.7 and 12.2, respectively; while Zn retention values (mg) in the body were 29.5, 45.1 and 60.5, respectively. In addition, supplemental Co increased $^{65}Zn$ concentration in the blood, liver, kidney and duodenum. These studies showed that supplementation of the basal diet with Co resulted in increased absorption of dietary Zn in chicks and pigs. The effect of Ni in chicks was less than that of Co. The ability of supplemental Co and to a lesser extent of Ni to improve weight gain as well as reduce other Zn-deficient signs in both species fed a practical corn-soybean type diet high in in calcium can be explained, at least in part by an associated increase in Zn absorption. The possible mechanism involved in these effects are discussed.

SPARING EFFECTS OF COBALT OR NICKEL ON ZINC NUTRITION AND THE DIFFERENCE IN ZINC ABSORPTION BETWEEN ANCONA AND NEW HAMPSHIRE X LEGHORN CROSS CHICKS

Chung, A.S.,Sunde, M.L.,Grummer, R.H.,Hoekstra, W.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.2

Experiments were conducted to determine whether supplemental cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) would prevent the signs of zinc (Zn) deficiency in chicks fed a high calcium (1.5%) corn-soybean diet and to examine the difference in $^{65}Zn$ absorption rates between inbred Ancona and crossbred New Hampshire X Single Comb White Leghorn chicks. In the initial experiment, the supplementation of 27 ppm Ni, 27 ppm Co or 54 ppm Co to a basal diet increased weight gain and reduced feather defects; 54 ppm Ni tended to increase weight gain but did not reduce feather defects. In further experiments, chicks fed the diet supplemented with 54 ppm Co usually showed increased weight gain and reduced feather defects; however, chicks fed a diet supplemented with 54 ppm Ni less frequently showed these effects. In another test, Ancona chicks fed a diet supplemented with 30 ppm Zn (except during a $^{65}Zn$ absorption study period) showed lower weight gain, more feather defects and less $^{65}Zn$ absorption than did New Hampshire X Leghorn cross chicks. Similar results were achieved with two strains of chicks fed the basal and 54 ppm Ni, 54 ppm Co or 60 ppm Zn supplemented diets. The sparing effects of Co on Zn which were commonly observed and the lesser effect of Ni or Zn were shown to be, at least in part, the result of increased availability of dietary Zn. That Ancona chicks required more Zn than New Hampshire cross chicks for the development of feathers and for growth is partly the result of decreased Zn absorption from the type of diets fed.

SPARING EFFECTS OF COBALT AND NICKEL ON ZINC NUTRITION IN PIGS

Chung, A.S.,Faltin, E.C.,Grummer, R.H.,Hoekstra, W.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.2

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) could prevent zinc (Zn) deficiency signs in pigs fed a high calcium (Ca) corn-soybean diet. The basal diet contained 1.3% Ca, .93% phytic acid and means of 34 to 48 ppm Zn. After weanling, pigs in experiment I were fed the basal diet for 9 weeks, and was found that 50 ppm Co or Ni for 5 weeks increased average daily weight gain (ADG) and reversed skin lesions toward normal. These effects were similar to those of 100 ppm supplemental Zn. The Zn content and alkaline phosphatase activity of serum from pigs supplemented with Co or Ni were higher at 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<.05) than those of the basal group. Zn content of bone, liver and kidney, and alkaline phosphatase activity in bone were increase after 5 weeks of supplementation with Co or Ni. In experiments 2 and 3, addition of 54 ppm and 27 ppm of either Co or Ni increased (P<.05) ADG and decreased incidence of skin lesions except in one group supplemented with 27 ppm Ni. Supplemental Co or Ni increased Zn in serum and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and bone in both experiments. Over all experiments, supplemental Co or Ni decreased Zn deficiency signs in the following order of effectiveness: 54 ppm Co, 54 ppm Ni, 27 ppm Co and 27 ppm Ni. The alleviation of signs of Zn deficiency by Co or Ni may have been the result of increased availability of dietary Zn.

KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: testing the cosmological model with the EG statistic

Amon, A,Blake, C,Heymans, C,Leonard, C D,Asgari, M,Bilicki, M,Choi, A,Erben, T,Glazebrook, K,Harnois-Dé,raps, J,Hildebrandt, H,Hoekstra, H,Joachimi, B,Joudaki, S,Kuijken, K,Lidman, C,Loveday, J Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.479 No.3