An Exploration of the Devolved Police System in England and Wales and its Implications for Korean Autonomous Police System

Barry Loveday,정제용(Jeyong Jung) 한국공안행정학회 2021 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.30 No.1

한국은 2021년 하반기부터 지방자치경찰체제를 시행할 예정이다. 이 대규모 조직 및 제도적 전환의 핵심은 국가경찰의 일부 권한을 지방경찰에 넘겨주고 지방경찰이 지방정부의 통제를 받는 것이다. 이러한 권력의 위임은 그 자체로 시작된 것이 아니라 국가 형사사법기관의 권력의 재균형을 위한 전략의 일환이다. 보다 구체적으로, 이 변화는 전체적으로 경찰의 권한을 분산시키려는 것과 관련이 있다. 그러나 이러한 변화는 장기적인 계획이 아닌 과도기적 모델에 불과하다는 인식이 있다. 또한 새로운 삼원체제 가 지역경찰체제 도입 시 기대되는 핵심적 가치를 유지할 수 있을지에 대한 사전 평가는 없었다. 이 논문에서 우선 잉글랜드와 웨일즈의 자치경찰체계의 성공과 실패를 탐색하고 한국에 던져주는 정책적 시사점을 확인하고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 한국 지역자치모델이 직면할 수 있는 문제점과 지방자치경찰체제의 성공적인 안착을 위한 향후 방향을 논의하고자 한다. Korea is scheduled to implement a local autonomous police system from the second half of 2021. The core idea of this massive organizational shift is to hand some power from the national police over to local police and within which the local police will be under the control of local governments. This shift was not initiated of itself, but forms a part of the strategy to rebalance the powers of the criminal justice institutions. More specifically, this change was linked to a drive to reduce police power overall. There is however a perception that this development represents merely a ‘transitional’ model rather than a long term plan. In addition, there has been no prior assessment as to whether the new ‘tripartite system’ can be expected to uphold the core values arising from the implementation of the local police system. In this paper we begin by exploring the successes and failures of the devolved police system in England and Wales and identifying any implications from this for Korea. Based on this we try to anticipate possible problems and future directions for the successful implementation of the Korean local police system.

The New Structure of Police Governance and Its Impact on Police Service Delivery in the UK

Barry Loveday,Jeyong Jung 한국경호경비학회 2018 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.55

이 연구에서는 잉글랜드와 웨일즈의 ‘2011년 경찰 개혁 및 사회적 책임에 관한 법’과 관련된 최근 경찰 개혁 전략을 평가하였다. 경찰 개혁 전략 중 가장 중요한 변화는 지역치안위원장에게 경찰인력 운용뿐만 아니라 관할 지역의 범죄를 줄이는 책임도 부여하였다는 것이다. 이로 인해 지역치안위원장은 지방 정부 및 지역 안전 파트너십과도 긴밀히 협력해야 하며, 그 전신인 지방경찰위원회보다 보다 많은 임무와 큰 권한을 갖게 되었다. 이 연구는 또한 지역 경찰 지휘관을 대상으로 한 설문 조사를 통해 범죄의 성향과 정도를 평가하고자 하였다. 이 설문 조사는 강력 범죄보다는 사소한 범죄 및 반사회 범죄로 인한 치안수요가 급증한 것을 보여주었다. 지역치안위원장 제도의 도입은 경찰의 우선순위가 대중의 우선순위와 점차 일치하고 있으며, 반사회적 행동이 이제는 일반적 범죄보다 주민들의 삶에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 이 연구는 윈저리뷰(Winsor Review) 이후에 경찰 연봉, 연금 및 근무 조건에 대한 변화도 조명하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 변화가 경찰 조직 내에서 경찰관들의 사기와 전문적인 동기에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 현재의 영국 정부 정책으로 인해 점점 더 많은 수의 경험 많은 경찰관들이 경찰 조직을 떠나고 있고, 이로 인해 궁극적으로 전략적 긴급 서비스로서 치안서비스의 장기적인 탄력성이 약해질 수 있다는 점을 논의하였다. This article assesses the recent police reform strategy in England and Wales with the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011. Police and Crime Commissioners have a responsibility not just for the police force but also for reducing crime in their area of responsibility. This ensures that their remit runs much more widely than their predecessor body, the police authority. The article goes on to evaluate the nature and extent of crime by making immediate use of survey of local police commanders. The surveys showed that police commands were swamped with minor crime and anti-social offences. The arrival of Police and Crime Commissioners has meant that now police priorities can be more closely aligned to those of the public and where anti-social behaviour is now recognised as impacting on the lives of many residents more significantly than criminal activity. The article highlights the changes introduced by government following the Winsor Review to police pay, pensions and conditions of service. It reflects on the impact of this on both police morale and professional motivation. It suggests that current government policy is now haemorrhaging the police service as increasing numbers of experienced officers are leaving the police service which could ultimately undermine its long-term resilience as a strategic emergency service.

“Dress and Keep” the Garden: Environmental Stewardship as a Biblical Motif for the “Great Commission”

( Ucheawaji Godfrey Josiah ),( Loveday Chigozie Onyezonwu ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2014 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.9 No.-

This paper identifies Christians as environmental stewards. It observes that Christians through the centuries have embarked on health, educational and evangelistic campaigns though not precluding financial stewardship campaigns in order to fulfill the “Great Commission”. But beyond stewardship of means or treasure, this paper argues that environmental stewardship could serve as a potent strategy for fulfilling the “Great Commission”. It holds that the gospel commission embodies healing, and one of the ways to bring healing is through care for the environment where people live and work. The paper submits that Christians turning their faces towards the world in compassion, getting their hands dirty, sore and worn in its service, in a way, is fulfilling the “Great Commission”. It further asserts that community services that promote environmental restoration and civic beautification help make life enjoyable by making the society pleasant and could as well attract many to the beauty of Christ. It concludes that there is a strong connectedness between environmental stewardship and the other forms of stewardship as well as with the ‘Great Commission’.

Needle or knife? The role of interventional radiology in managing uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding

Thomas G. Morgan,Tarryn Carlsson,Eric Loveday,Neil Collin,Graham Collin,Peter Mezes,Anne M. Pullyblank 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.10 No.1

Background: Increasingly interventional radiology has been used to stop uncontrolled gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding leading to a reduction in the requirement for surgical intervention. To examine the safety and efficacy of angiography and embolisation for the treatment of GI bleeding in a United Kingdom tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of 112 procedures performed on 105 patients who underwent catheter angiography for GI bleeding over 7 years. Fifty procedures were for upper GI bleeding and 62 were for lower GI bleeding. Primary outcome was clinical success rate. Other measures were re-bleeding rates and 30-day mortality. Results: In patients with upper GI bleeds, 71.6% of cases had a bleeding point that was identified at the time of initial catheter angiogram. Overall, the clinical success rate was 70.4% with a 20% 30-day mortality. Technical success with embolisation was 98% with no major complications. In patients with lower GI bleeds, 50% of cases had a bleeding point that was identified at the time of initial catheter angiogram. Overall clinical success rate was 83.0% with a 13.6% 30-day mortality. Technical success with embolisation was 100% with no major complications. Conclusion: Catheter directed angiography and embolisation is safe and efficacious in patients with GI bleeding who have a positive computed tomography angiogram and should be considered as an alternative to surgery.

Needle or knife? The role of interventional radiology in managing uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding

Thomas G. Morgan,Tarryn Carlsson,Eric Loveday,Neil Collin,Graham Collin,Peter Mezes,Anne M. Pullyblank 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.1

Background: Increasingly interventional radiology has been used to stop uncontrolled gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding leading to a reduction in the requirement for surgical intervention. To examine the safety and efficacy of angiography and embolisation for the treatment of GI bleeding in a United Kingdom tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of 112 procedures performed on 105 patients who underwent catheter angiography for GI bleeding over 7 years. Fifty procedures were for upper GI bleeding and 62 were for lower GI bleeding. Primary outcome was clinical success rate. Other measures were re-bleeding rates and 30-day mortality. Results: In patients with upper GI bleeds, 71.6% of cases had a bleeding point that was identified at the time of initial catheter angiogram. Overall, the clinical success rate was 70.4% with a 20% 30-day mortality. Technical success with embolisation was 98% with no major complications. In patients with lower GI bleeds, 50% of cases had a bleeding point that was identified at the time of initial catheter angiogram. Overall clinical success rate was 83.0% with a 13.6% 30-day mortality. Technical success with embolisation was 100% with no major complications. Conclusion: Catheter directed angiography and embolisation is safe and efficacious in patients with GI bleeding who have a positive computed tomography angiogram and should be considered as an alternative to surgery.

KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: testing the cosmological model with the EG statistic

Amon, A,Blake, C,Heymans, C,Leonard, C D,Asgari, M,Bilicki, M,Choi, A,Erben, T,Glazebrook, K,Harnois-Dé,raps, J,Hildebrandt, H,Hoekstra, H,Joachimi, B,Joudaki, S,Kuijken, K,Lidman, C,Loveday, J Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.479 No.3