농업기술센터의 농업인대학 운영을 위한 매뉴얼 개발

정철영,김용관,허영준,장규선,오창환 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 농업기술센터 교육담당자들이 농업인 교육프로그램,특히 농업인대학 교육과정을 개설하여 운영하는데 있어 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 농업인대학 교육과정 개발·운영 매뉴얼을 개발하는데 있었다. 농업인대학 운영 매뉴얼은 현재 운영되고 있는 농업인대학의 운영 실태를 분석하여 농엽인 대학을 설립하여 운영하고자 하는 실무자가 현장에서 필요로 하는 내용이 무엇인지를 도출하였고,이러한 내용을 체계적으로 단계화 하였으며,최종적으로는 각 단계에 대하여 구체적으로 안을 제시하는 절차에 따라 개발되었다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 농업인대학 운영과 관련한 국내·외에서 발행한 각종 연구보고서와 학술지 논문 분석을 포함한 문헌고찰,농업인대학 교육과정을 운영하고 있는 7개 농업기술 센터에 대한 현장조사 및 인터뷰,농촌지도사 빛 농촌진흥청 지도관과의 전문가협의회,일선 농업기술 센터 농업인 교육 담당자와의 2차에 걸친 관계자 간담회를 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 농업기술센터의 농업인대학 운영을 위한 매뉴얼을 개발하기 위하여,기존에 존재하던 교육과정 개발 모형을 다각도로 검토하여 6단계의 모형을 도출하였다. 이는 일반적인 교육과정 개발 모형에 농업인대학의 운영에 있어 중요하다고 판단되는 인프라 구축 단계와 사후관리 단계를 추가한 것이다. 이에 따른 농업인대학 운영 매뉴열의 6단계를 1)교육요구 분석,2)인프라 구축,3)교육과정 개설,4)교육과정 운영,5)교육과정 평가,6)사후관리로 설정하였다. 각각의 단계는 다시 4∼8가지의 하위 단계로 구성되며,이에 따라 매뉴얼은 총 38단계로 구성되었다. The purpose of this Study was to develop the manual for farmers' Academy program development and implementation in Agricultural Extension Services. For this purpose, we analysed current status of 47 Farmer's Academy, investigated the contents needed in the field, formulated the contents to make process, and described each process. The manual was developed through a literature review, a content analysis of farmers' Academy Program, a expert conference, and an informal gathering. Expert conferences were held to discuss the direction of manual development, and validation of manual framework and content elements, Informal gatherings were held two times to discuss application of manual in fields and to supplement contents. The result was as follows. Both infra construction phrase and post service phrase were required for farmers' academy program development and implementation in Agricultural Extension Services. The two phrases was added to ISD model basically used for development of curriculum. The framework of Manual is consist of six phrases such as educational needs analysis, infra construction, development of curriculum, implementation of curriculum, evaluation of curriculum, and post service. Each process is organized with 4~8 subordinate phrases as well. Ultimately, the manual was made of detailed 38 subordinate phrase. Based on the results, some recommendations were suggested.

Comparison of Disease Activity Score 28 Using C-reactive Protein and Disease Activity Score 28 Using Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Assessing Activity and Treatment Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-analysis

( Gwan Gyu Song ),( Young Ho Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2016 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Objective. We compared the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) with DAS28 using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) in assessing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity and determining European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Methods. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and performed a meta-analysis to examine comparisons between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR by RA activity and EULAR response criteria. Results. A total of ten studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significantly more patients were classified as having remission or low disease activity when using DAS28-CRP than when using DAS28-ESR (odds ratio [OR]=1.869, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.180 to 2.959, p=0.008; OR=1.411, 95% CI=1.256 to 1.586, p=7.0×10^-8), whereas fewer patients were classified as having high disease activity when using DAS28-CRP than when using DAS28-ESR (OR=0.534, 95% CI=0.388 to 0.734, p=1.1×10^-4). More patients were classified as having good response with criteria were based on DAS28-CRP than with DAS28-ESR (OR=1.390, 95% CI=1.183 to 1.632, p=6.10×10^-5). Conclusion. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that DAS28-CRP underestimates disease activity and overestimates response by the EULAR response criteria compared to DAS28-ESR. (J Rheum Dis 2016;23:241-249)

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in the Treatment of Hyperuricemia: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis

( Gwan Gyu Song ),( Young Ho Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2015 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the relative urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in hyperuricemic patients with or without gout. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of febuxostat compared to allopurinol or placebo in hyperuricemic patients with/without gout were included in this Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results. Eight RCTs including 4,099 patients met the inclusion criteria. The number of subjects achieving a serum urate (sUA) level <6.0 mg/dL was significantly higher in the febuxostat 120 mg and 80 mg groups than in the allopurinol (100 to 300 mg) group (odds ratio [OR] 7.17, 95% credible interval [CrI] 3.86 to 14.09; OR 3.49, 95% CrI 1.97 to 5.91, respectively). However, achievement of the target sUA level was comparable between febuxostat 40 mg and allopurinol. Ranking probability based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that febuxostat 120 mg had the highest probability of being the best treatment for achieving the target sUA (SUCRA=0.9973), followed by febuxostat 80 mg (SUCRA=0.752), febuxostat 40 mg (SUCRA=0.4289), allopurinol (SUCRA=0.3217), and placebo (SUCRA=0). In contrast, no significant difference in safety based on the number of withdrawals due to adverse events was observed among the 5 interventions. Conclusion. Febuxostat 80 mg and 120 mg were more efficacious than allopurinol (100 to 300 mg), and febuxostat 40 mg and allopurinol were comparable in urate-lowering efficacy. The safety of febuxostat at all doses was comparable with that of allopurinol. (J Rheum Dis 2015;22:356-365)

Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to methotrexate or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

( Gwan Gyu Song ),( Sang Cheol Bae ),( Young Ho Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.5

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety oftofacitinib (5 and 10 mg twice daily) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examinedthe efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with active RA was performedusing the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registerdatabases as well as manual searches. Results: Five RCTs, including three phase-II and two phase-III trials involving1,590 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The three phase-II RCTs included 452patients with RA (144 patients randomized to 5 mg of tofacitinib twice daily, 156patients randomized to 10 mg of tofacitinib twice daily, and 152 patients randomizedto placebo) who were included in this meta-analysis. The American Collegeof Rheumatology 20% response rate was significantly higher in the tofacitinib5- and 10-mg groups than in the control group (relative risk [RR], 2.445; 95% confidenceinterval [CI], 1.229 to 4.861; p = 0.011; and RR, 2.597; 95% CI, 1.514 to 4.455;p = 0.001, respectively). The safety outcomes did not differ between the tofacitinib5- and 10-mg groups and placebo groups with the exception of infection in thetofacitinib 10-mg group (RR, 2.133; 95% CI, 1.268 to 3.590; p = 0.004). The results oftwo phase-III trials (1,123 patients) confirmed the findings in the phase-II studies. Conclusions: Tofacitinib at dosages of 5 and 10 mg twice daily was found to be effectivein patients with active RA that inadequately responded to methotrexate ordisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and showed a manageable safety profile.

Causal Association between Bone Mineral Density and Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

( Gwan Gyu Song ),( Young Ho Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2019 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objective. To examine whether bone mineral density (BMD) is causally associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. We used publicly available summary statistics datasets of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on femur neck (FN) BMD of individuals of European ancestry as the exposure and a GWAS for non-cancer illness code self-reported: OA from the individuals included in the UK Biobank as the outcome. Results. We selected 21 independent single- nucleotide polymorphisms with genome-wide significance (p<5.00E-08) from GWAS on FN BMD as the instrumental variables. The IVW method (beta=0.010, standard error [SE]=0.003, p=0.002) and the weighted median approach (beta=0.011, SE=0.004, p=0.006) yielded evidence of a causal association between FN BMD and OA. However, the MR-Egger analysis showed no causal association between FN BMD and OA (beta=0.005, SE=0.017, p=0.753). Since MR-Egger regression suffers from a lack of power and a susceptibility to weak instrument bias, the MR analysis results may support a causal association between FN BMD and OA. Conclusion. The results of MR analysis by IVW and weighted median, but not MR-Egger regression indicate that FN BMD is likely to be causally associated with an increased risk of OA incidence The current findings may provide an opportunity to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of BMD on the OA incidence. (J Rheum Dis 2019;26:104-110)

체코 뉴웨이브와 이리 멘젤Jiri Menzel의 코미디 영화

문관규 ( Gwan Gyu Moon ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2007 현대영화연구 Vol.3 No.2

In 1960s, the Czech New Wave flourished under the influence of the New Wave movement of Europe and the reformatory atmosphere along with the progress of Market Socialism. Jiri Menzel, one of the key directors of the Czech New Wave, was associated with Czech literature, specially Bohumil Hrabal had a great deal of influence on Jiri Menzel`s works. Two films as typical Czech New Wave, <Closely Observed Trains> and <Larks On A String> based on Bohumil`s books, shows their distinguishing features as ``comedy`` and ``understanding of man and history``. In these films, Menzel described the history of force and repression of 1950s with comic cheerfulness. His comedy movies kept the balance between the depressing subject on gloomy political situation and the cheerful expression of characters and events. Jiri Menzel aimed at giving audiences the sense of freedom by happy humor expressing their painful history in a soft manner not by bitter sarcasm.

계몽영화 혹은 여백과 고졸(古拙)의 미학 -오점균 론-

문관규 ( Gwan Gyu Mun ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2010 현대영화연구 Vol.6 No.1

Oh Jeom Gyun is a movie director aiming to produce enlightenment films. He has an authorial tendency toward the films which contribute to the progresses of a society. This tendency is expressed through enlightenment films. His enlightenment films have been initiated from a literal concept of enlightenment awakening the youth and the ignorant to the truth and developed into specific theatrical practices about how to change a society and improve human lives by enlightening human rationality. Oh Jeom Gyun`s enlightenment films approach the political vanguard through supporting alternative ideologies. The progressive ideology and the theatrical interest that Oh Jeom Gyun has about enlightening the world are concluded to the ideas of Taoism as a ideological basis and the acceptance of alternative ideologies. His interests and supports to alternative ideologies are expressed in his movies called <Sweety Rain> for alternative education, <The Natural Beings> for ecological agriculture, <How Have You Been, Man-soo> for the issue of North Korean defectors, <Red And Yellow Leaves> for the criticism of Confucian patriarchy and <Throw The Cross Away> for women`s self-discretion on their sexuality. These heavy themes are refined and expressed through the esthetics of space and sophistication & bungling. The esthetic styles of his films are gathered into the beauty of space expressed in Oriental paintings and Lao-tzu`s beauty of sophistication and bungling. The esthetic of blankness emptying and filling a space at the same time acquires the expression of psychological emptiness by putting the scene of unity between the nature and human being aside and a space in the center. The esthetic of sophistication & bungling, represented by a saying `the most sophisticated thing is expressed in the most dishonorable way,` is adopted by expressing ideologies of ecological agriculture and alternative schools. The sophisticated connection between the theme of alternative ideologies and a form of simple expression makes it possible to obtain the esthetic of sophistication and bungling. At the same time, Oh Jeom Gyun has found an escape from the suspicion of amateurism caused by the narrative alienation that nonprofessional actors and animal actors have created in an insert scene. The escape is the esthetic of sophistication and bungling which guarantees the theme in an bungling but sophisticated way. The esthetics of space and sophistication & bungling attract the attention in the filed of Korea independent films as Oh Jeom Gyun`s way to solve their old problems of the lack of theme and the poverty in style.

산림경관의 시각적 관리등급 설정기법 현장적용 연구-하이원 리조트 일대의 산림경관을 중심으로-

이관규 ( Gwan Gyu Lee ),장효진 ( Hyo Jin Jang ),이민주 ( Min Ju Lee ),조현길 ( Hyun Kil Jo ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2013 환경영향평가 Vol.22 No.1

국립공원 사유지 정책의 공간의사결정지원을 위한 생태자원성 평가

이관규 ( Gwan Gyu Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2006 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.9 No.5

배양된 연골세포에서 각종 Cytokine과 성장인자가 β1-integrin 및 ICAM-1의 발현에 미치는 영향

송관규 ( Gwan Gyu Song ),노영무 ( Young Moo Ro ),유대현 ( Dae Hyu Yoo ),김성윤 ( Seong Yoon Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 1995 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objective: The cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are critical to the embryogenesis, morphogenesis, maintenance of tissue integrity, and function of cells. This interactions are mediated by membrane glycoproteins called adhesion molecules. βl-integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane glycopro-teins which play critical roles in the ability of cells to elaborate and maintain extracellular matrix. ICAM-l is a sialylated glycoprotein and mediates various cell-cell interactions in immunity and inflammation. Articular cartilage consists of chondrocytes embedded in an extensive extracellular matirx. In normal tissue, the chondrocytes actively effect the stable equili-brium between the synthesis and degradation of matrix components, so that a constant concentration of these components is maintained. In osteoarthritis, the stable equilibrium is disrupted and the rate of loss of proteoglycan exceeds the rate of depositon of newly synthesized moleclues. This equilibrium is influenced by cytokines and growth factors such as IL-I, TNF-α, IGF-1 and TGF-β. Integrins and their ligands may mediate some of the interactions of chondrocytes and cellular matrix, and the cytokines and local growth factors may affect the expression of integrins on chondrocytes. ICAM-1 may mediate interactions with other cells in osteoarthritic joint, and also may be modulated by cytokines and growth factors. The effect of IL-I, TNF-α, IGF-1 and TGF-β in the expression of, β1-integrin (CD29) and ICAM-1(CD54) on chondrocytes was investigated. Methods: Cultured chondrocytes(3rd passages) from 2 osteoarthritc patient were used. Cells were incubated for 24hours with and without IL-1β 25U/ml, IL-l 50U/ml, TNF-α 1ng/ml, TNF-α 10ng/ml, IFN-γ 100U/ml, IGF-1 10ng/ml, IGF-1 50ng/ml, IGF-1 100ng/ml, TGF-β 10ng/ml, and TGF-β 30ng/ml. Chondrocytes were stained with monoclonal antibodies against, β1-integrin (CD29) and ICAM-1 (CD54), and positve cells were counted under the light microscpe. Results: 1) Cultured chondrocytes readily expressed, β1-integrin (82.9%). 2) β1-integrin was down-regulated by IL-1β(75.4%), TNF-α(61.2%), and TGF-β (77.0%), and was slightly up-regulated by IFN-γ(85.0%) and IGF-1 (88.9%). 3) ICAM-1 was presented in only 18.0% of cells. 4) Expression of ICAM-1 was readily up-regulated by IL-1β(84.0%) and TNF-α(80.3%), and mildly up-regulated by IFN-γ(33.0%), IGF-1(35.0%), and TGF-β(29.3%). Conclusions: The presence of, 81-integrin and ICAM-1 on chondrocytes and the modulation of their expression by cytokines and local growth factors suggest that they have important roles in the interaction of chondrocytes with cartilage matrix and with other cells of osteoarthritic joints. Their roles should be elucidated by further researches.