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Relevance of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy
An Garam,ParkJunho,Song Jisoo,Hong Taeyeon,Song Gwonhwa,Lim Whasun 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-
Dynamic interactions between organelles are responsible for a variety of intercellular functions, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial axis is recognized as a representative interorganelle system. Several studies have confirmed that most proteins in the physically tethered sites between the ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are vital for intracellular physiology. MAM proteins are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics and are associated with processes related to intracellular stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. Accumulating evidence has shown that, owing to their extensive involvement in cellular homeostasis, alterations in the ER–mitochondrial axis are one of the etiological factors of tumors. An in-depth understanding of MAM proteins and their impact on cell physiology, particularly in cancers, may help elucidate their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancers. For example, the modulation of MAM proteins is utilized not only to target diverse intracellular signaling pathways within cancer cells but also to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer reagents and regulate immune cell activities. Therefore, the current review summarizes and discusses recent advances in research on the functional roles of MAM proteins and their characteristics in cancers from a diagnostic perspective. Additionally, this review provides insights into diverse therapeutic strategies that target MAM proteins in various cancer types.
Garam An,Hahyun Park,Gwonhwa Song,Whasun Lim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2021 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.36 No.1
Dimethachlor is a synthetic herbicide, belonging to the chloroacetanilide group, that inhibits the undesirable growth of weeds via the suppression of very longchain fatty acid synthesis. Although dimethachlor has been shown to run off from agricultural fields into aquatic ecosystems, the toxicity of dimethachlor on aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates is unknown. In our study, we assessed the toxicity of dimethachlor on developing zebrafish embryos by analyzing viability, hatching ability, and phenotypic changes. Embryonic viability decreased from 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) at the highest concentration of dimethachlor. Decreased hatching ratio, shortened body length, and pathological changes in the eye, heart, and yolk sac were observed at sub-lethal concentrations. Additionally, dimethachlor increased the number of apoptotic cells and level of reactive oxygen species 120 hpf. Our results indicate that dimethachlor may act as an anti-developmental toxicant when accumulated in an aquatic environment.
Anti-cancer Effect of a Rare Ginsenoside Compound K on Prostate Cancer in vitro
Garam Park(박가람),Hye Young Park(박혜영),Ji Hye Lee(이지혜),Seun Eui Kim(김선의),Myoung Hoon Lee(이명훈),Qingzhen Liu(류청정),Wan Taek Im(임완택),Hye Myoung Jang(장혜명),Joo Hyun Kim(김주현),Gwang Joo Jeon(전광주) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.1
Blockade of STAT3 in T Cells Inhibits Germinal Center Reactions against Intranasal Allergens
( Garam Choi ),( Yeonseok Chung ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.3
Understanding the developmental mechanisms of humoral immunity against intranasal antigens is essential for the development of therapeutic approaches against air-borne pathogens as well as allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells expressing CXCR5 are required for humoral immunity by providing IL-21 and ICOS costimulation to activated B cells. However, the regulation of Tfh cell responses against intranasal antigens remains unclear. Here, we found that the generation of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells in the bronchial lymph node against intranasal proteinase antigens was independent of TGF-b. In contrast, administration of STAT3 inhibitor STA-21 suppressed the generation of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells. Compared with wild-type OT-II T cells, STAT3-deficient OT-II T cells transferred into recipients lacking T cells not only showed significantly reduced frequency Tfh cells, but also induced diminished IgG as well as IgE specific for the intranasal antigens. Cotransfer study of wild-type OT-II and STAT3-deficient OT-II T cells revealed that the latter failed to differentiate into Tfh cells. These findings demonstrate that T cell-intrinsic STAT3 is required for the generation of Tfh cells to intranasal antigens and that targeting STAT3 might be an effective approach to ameliorate antibody-mediated pathology in the lung.
Protective Effects of Lactobacillus sp. on Cellular Aging
Garam Yang,Eunjeong Hong,Sejong Oh,Eungseok Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Probiotics have health beneficial effects including prevention of diet-induced metabolic disorders. Since metabolic disorders have been strongly associated with aging, we investigated whether Lactobacillus sp. play a preventive role in cellular aging using five different strains (Lactobacillus sp. 241, 80, 105, 683 and 34). When conditioned media (CM) from different Lactobacillus strains were treated to 3T3L1 and HepG2 cells under oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence. Among these strains, Lactobacillus sp. 241 and 80 suppressed senescence-induced expression of p21, p53, which are key markers in cellular aging. Furthermore, these strains also H2O2-induced decrease of Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) which is critical for telomere attrition. Consistently, Lactobacillus sp. 80-CM reduced senescence-associated β-gal staining in HepG2 cells. In addition, Both Lactobacillus sp. 241 and 80 reduced senescence-associated inflammation in part by inhibiting NFkB-TNFα pathway.
The Efficiency of Financial Holding Companies in Korea
( Garam Ahn ),( Frederick Dongchuhl Oh ),( Junghum Park ) 한국경제학회 2020 The Korean Economic Review Vol.36 No.1
This study uses data envelopment analysis to examine whether the government-driven policy of promoting the creation of financial holding companies enhances the productive efficiency of the Korean financial system. We find that financial holding company affiliation has no substantial effects on commercial banks, life insurance companies, and securities companies, regardless of whether or not the financial holding company is owned by the government. However, we find a positive association between the asset diversification of financial holding companies and the productive efficiencies of their affiliated commercial banks, indicating a possibility that financial holding companies can improve efficiency with increased diversification. Our results suggest that the Korean government’s policy of promoting the creation of financial holding companies should be reconsidered.
Maximum Overlap of Two Convex Polygons
Garam Kim(김가람),Jongmin Choi(최종민),Hee-Kap Ahn(안희갑) 한국정보과학회 2021 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.27 No.8
본 논문에서는 두 볼록다각형의 최대 겹침 넓이를 구하는 문제들을 연구한다. 첫째로, 병진 이동을 허용할 때, n개의 꼭지점을 가지는 볼록다각형과 직사각형의 최대 겹침 넓이를 O(n) 시간에 구하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 둘째로, 제시된 알고리즘과 이전의 O(nlogn)시간 알고리즘을 구현하고 비교한다. 셋째로, 제시된 알고리즘을 볼록 n 각형과 볼록 m 각형의 최대 겹침을 구하는 알고리즘으로 확장하여 n이 m보다 크다고 할 때, O(n+㎡log³n) 시간 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이 결과는 m=o(√n/logn)일 때, 이전의 O(n+m)log (n+m)시간 알고리즘보다 효율적인 결과이다. 마지막으로, 병진이동 할 때와 강체이동 할 때, 두 볼록다각형 사이의 최대 겹침을 구하는 몇 가지 (1-ε) 근사 알고리즘을 제시한다. Given two convex polygons, we compute their maximum overlap under translations or rigid motions. First, we present an O(n) -time algorithm to compute the maximum overlap between a convex polygon with n vertices and a rectangle under translations. Second, we implemented our algorithm and a previous O(nlogn)-time algorithm and compared the running time of the two algorithms on a number of input polygons. Third, we extended our algorithm to compute the maximum overlap between a convex n-gon and a convex m -gon. We present an O(n+㎡log³n) -time algorithm for n〉m. This result improves the result of the previous O(n+m)log (n+m) -time algorithm for m=o(√n/logn). Finally, we present an (1-ε) -approximation algorithm to compute the maximum overlap between two convex polygons under translations or rigid motions.