로타바이러스 원내 감염과 지역사회 획득 감염의 비교 연구

유재성,진현주,강호석,오지은 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of rotaviral infection, the most common nosocomial gastroenteritis. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 983 patients who were diagnosed as rotavirus gastroenteritis from January 2006 to March 2010. We divided them into two groups: group A for community-acquired rotavirus infection (N=810), group B for nosocomial infection (N=173). We investigated the characteristics of both groups. Results: The percentage of nosocomial infection among rotavirus gastroenteritis was 18% in our study. Rotaviral infection in both groups was more common in winter. The average age (±SD) of group A and B was 25.8±23.3 and 17.8±15.7 months old, respectively. The average hospital days (±SD) were 4.3±2.0 days for group A and 9.0±3.5 days for group B. Nosocomial infection symptoms of group B started at 4.6±1.7 hospital days on average. Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsion, elevation of serum CRP (C-reactive protein) or AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) were observed more common in group A than B. Conclusion: The nosocomial rotavirus infection rate did not decrease as we expected in spite of our effort of strict hygiene control. Nosocomial infection showed more favorable prognosis than community-acquired infection but demanded longer days of hospitalization and more cost.

정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구

이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.

Comparative immunohistochemical characterization of canine seminomas and Sertoli cell tumors

Chi-Ho Yu,Du-Na Hwang,이지영,김종혁,Keum-Soon Im,Whan-Gook Nho,Young-Soo Lyoo,서정향 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.1

Primary testicular tumors are the most common causes of cancer in male dogs. Overall, the majority of canine patients should be cured by testicular surgery. However, tumor markers are not well-known in veterinary medicine. We sought to determine using immunohistochemistry whether the combined human testicular tumor markers (placental alkaline phosphatase, OCT3/4, CD30, alpha-fetoprotein, inhibin-alpha, vimentin, c-KIT, and desmin) are expressed in canine seminomas and Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs). We examined 35 canine testicular tumors, 20 seminomas and 15 SCTs. c-KIT was expressed markedly in canine seminomas. Both inhibin-alpha and vimentin were expressed significantly in canine SCTs. The results of this study demonstrate differences and similarities between tumor marker expression of testicular tumors in dogs and humans. All the main markers in current routine use are discussed as well as potential useful markers for benign and malignant tumors, and tumor progression.

Serial Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-$1{\alpha}$ and Neuronal Apoptosis in Hippocampus of Rats with Chronic Ischemic Brain

Yu, Chi-Ho,Moon, Chang-Taek,Sur, Jung-Hyang,Chun, Young-Il,Choi, Won-Ho,Yhee, Ji-Young The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2011 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.50 No.6

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate serial changes of hypoxia-inducible factor $1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), as a key regulator of hypoxic ischemia, and apoptosis of hippocampus induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (BCAO) in rats. Methods : Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to the permanent BCAO. The time points studied were 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after occlusions, with n=6 animals subjected to BCAO, and n=2 to sham operation at each time point, and brains were fixed by intracardiac perfusion fixation with 4% neutral-buffered praraformaldehyde for brain section preparation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to evaluate HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and apoptosis. Results : In IHC and western blot, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ levels were found to reach the peak at the 2nd week in the hippocampus, while apoptotic neurons, in TUNEL assay, were maximal at the 4th week in the hippocampus, especially in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ levels and apoptosis were found to fluctuate during the time course. Conclusion : This study showed that BCAO induces acute ischemic responses for about 4 weeks then chronic ischemia in the hippocampus. These in vivo data are the first to show the temporal sequence of apoptosis and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression.

Humanized botulinum toxin A monoclonal antibody protects mice and rabbits against botulinum intoxication

Chi Ho Yu,Dong Hyun Song,Woo Hyeon Jeong,Young Jo Song,Chang Hwan Kim,Gyeung Haeng Hur,Seong Tae Jeong 한국실험동물학회 2018 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

Comparison of Serum Ketone Levels and Cardiometabolic Efficacy of Dapagliflozin versus Sitagliptin among Insulin-Treated Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Chi-Ho Lee,Mei-Zhen Wu,David Tak-Wai Lui,Darren Shing-Hei Chan,Carol Ho-Yi Fong,Sammy Wing-Ming Shiu,Ying Wong,Alan Chun-Hong Lee,Joanne King-Yan Lam,Yu-Cho Woo,Karen Siu-Ling Lam,Kelvin Kai-Hang Yiu 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.6

Background: Insulin-treated patients with long duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of ketoacidosis related to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). The extent of circulating ketone elevation in these patients remains unknown. We conducted this study to compare the serum ketone response between dapagliflozin, an SGLT2i, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, among insulin-treated T2DM patients.Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, active comparator-controlled study involving 60 insulin-treated T2DM patients. Participants were randomized 1:1 for 24-week of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or sitagliptin 100 mg daily. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after intervention. Comprehensive cardiometabolic assessments were performed with measurements of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), vibration-controlled transient elastography and echocardiography.Results: Among these 60 insulin-treated participants (mean age 58.8 years, diabetes duration 18.2 years, glycosylated hemoglobin 8.87%), as compared with sitagliptin, serum BHB levels increased significantly after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin (P=0.045), with a median of 27% increase from baseline. Change in serum BHB levels correlated significantly with change in free fatty acid levels. Despite similar glucose lowering, dapagliflozin led to significant improvements in body weight (P=0.006), waist circumference (P=0.028), HDL-C (P=0.041), CEC (P=0.045), controlled attenuation parameter (P=0.007), and liver stiffness (P=0.022). Average E/e’, an echocardiographic index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, was also significantly lower at 24 weeks in participants treated with dapagliflozin (P=0.037).Conclusion: Among insulin-treated T2DM patients with long diabetes duration, compared to sitagliptin, dapagliflozin modestly increased ketone levels and was associated with cardiometabolic benefits.

Abnormal Chloroplast Development and Growth Inhibition in Rice Thioredoxin m Knock-Down Plants.

Chi, Yong Hun,Moon, Jeong Chan,Park, Jin Ho,Kim, Ho-Seung,Zulfugarov, Ismayil S,Fanata, Wahyu Indra,Jang, Ho Hee,Lee, Jung Ro,Lee, Young Mee,Kim, Sun Tae,Chung, Yong-Yoon,Lim, Chae Oh,Kim, Jae-Yean,Yu American Society of Plant Physiologists 2008 Plant Physiology Vol.148 No.2

<P>Plant cells contain several thioredoxin isoforms that are characterized by subcellular localization and substrate specificity. Here, we describe the functional characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) thioredoxin m isoform (Ostrxm) using a reverse genetics technique. Ostrxm showed green tissue-specific and light-responsive mRNA expression. Ostrxm was localized in chloroplasts of rice mesophyll cells, and the recombinant protein showed dithiothreitol-dependent insulin beta-chain reduction activity in vitro. RNA interference (RNAi) of Ostrxm resulted in rice plants with developmental defects, including semidwarfism, pale-green leaves, abnormal chloroplast structure, and reduced carotenoid and chlorophyll content. Ostrxm RNAi plants showed remarkably decreased F(v)/F(m) values under high irradiance conditions (1,000 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) with delayed recovery. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis showed that the levels of several chloroplast proteins critical for photosynthesis and biogenesis were significantly decreased in Ostrxm RNAi plants. Furthermore, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, a known target of thioredoxin, was present in oxidized forms, and hydrogen peroxide levels were increased in Ostrxm RNAi plants. The pleiotropic effects of Ostrxm RNAi suggest that Ostrxm plays an important role in the redox regulation of chloroplast target proteins involved in diverse physiological functions.</P>

Anthrax and botulinum DNA vaccine protects mice against Anthrax and Botulism

Chi Ho Yu,Young Jo Song,Dong Hyun Song,Hae Eun Joe,Jung Eun Kim,Min Hoon Lee,Na Young Kim,Gyeung Haeng Hur 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

A biological attack, or bioterrorism, is the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops. Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, is one of the most likely agents to be used in a biological attack. Botulism is a serious illness caused by a botulinum toxin made by Clostridium botulinum. It is one of the deadliest toxins known. The toxin could be used in a biological attack. In this study, we evaluated DNA vaccine encoding D4 and HCR/A with dual vector system. The D4 contains the epitopes necessary for generating protective immunity to Bacillus anthracis. The HCR is the heavy chain receptor binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin A. To access the immunogenicity of pAB05/D4-BA15 were immunized at 0, 2, and 4 week and blood collected at one week after last immunization. pAB05/D4-BA15 elicited strong immune responses and showed sufficient protection ability against Bacillus anthracis Sterne and Botulinum neurotoxin A.

A mutated recombinant subunit vaccine protects mice and guinea pigs against botulinum type A intoxication

Yu, Chi Ho,Song, Dong Hyun,Choi, Jun Young,Joe, Hae Eun,Jeong, Woo Hyeon,Hur, Gyeung Haeng,Shin, Young Kee,Jeong, Seong Tae TaylorFrancis 2018 Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics Vol.14 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins to mammals. A toxoid vaccine was previously used for prevention of botulinum intoxication; however, this vaccine is no longer available. Currently, no approved botulinum vaccines are available from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, a recombinant host cell receptor-binding subunit created for use as a potential vaccine completed phase 2 clinical trials. The current study designed a vaccine candidate against BoNT type A (BoNT/A) using a structural design. Our vaccine candidate was the BoNT/A heavy chain C-terminal region (HCR) that contained the point mutation BA15 (R1269A) within the ganglioside-binding site. A Biacore affinity test showed that the affinity of BA15 for ganglioside GT1b was 100 times lower than that of the HCR. A SNAP25 cleavage assay revealed that immunized sera blocked SNAP25 cleavage of the BoNT/A toxin via BA15. In an <I>in vivo</I> experiment, mice and guinea pigs immunized with BA15 produced neutralizing antibodies that protected against 3,000 LD<SUB>50</SUB> of BoNT/A. In conclusion, the results of both <I>in vitro and in vivo</I> assays showed that our BA15 vaccine candidate was similar to the recombinant host cell receptor-binding subunit vaccine. The inability of BA15to bind ganglioside shows that BA15 is a potential safe vaccine candidate.</P>

Antitumor Activity of Protein-Plysacharides Produced form Vibrio anguillarum

Yu, Byeong-Ho,Chi, Boung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Suck,Jang, Mi-Kyung,Kim, Hae-Sung,Chung, Soo-Ja The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 1988 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.3 No.3

해수로부터 분리 확인한 비브리오균에서 생산하는 단백 다당체의 항종양 활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 비브리오균을 0.5%-peptone와 0.5% yeast extract가 함유된 해수를 기질로 배양하여 단백 다당체를 얻었다. 단백다당체의 단당류의 함량은 xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose 및 fructose의 순서이고, 주요 아미노산 glutamic acid, serine 및 aspartic acid였다. 단백 다당체의 항종양 활성을 Sarcoma-180에 대하여 0.5mg/kg/day 및 5mg/kg/day을 쥐에 주사했던 바 20.9% 및 43.9%의 억제 효과가 있었다. The antitumor activity of protein-polysaccharide produced by a strain, Vibrio anguilfarum, No. 17 isolated from sea water was investigated. The extracellular protein,polysaccharide used in this experiment was obtained through the cultivation of Vibrio anguillarum No. 17 at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5-7 days in the sea water medium containing 0.5% peptone and 0.1% yeast extract. The compositional monosaccharides of protein-polysaccharide were xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose and fructose in order and its major amino acids were glutamic acid, serine and aspartic acid. The antitumor activity of the protein-polysaccharide at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day or 5mg/kg/day against Sarcoma-180 in mice were 20.9% and 43.9%, respectively.