Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Lactic Acid Production Using Date Juice

( Chauhan ),( Kishor ),( Ujjval Trivedi ),( K. C. Patel ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.9

Ginkgo biloba Administered Singly and Combined With Antioxidants in Tinnitus Patients

Chauhan Bhushan,Arya Shantanu,Chauhan Komal 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.1

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus, or ear ringing, involves impulsive and spontaneous activity in the auditory neurons. Its prevalence is high in the elderly, but 10%–15% of adults suffer from tinnitus, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> administered singly and in combination with antioxidants in tinnitus patients.Subjects and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to Placebo (T0, n=22), Treatment 1 (T1, n=24), and Treatment 2 (T2, n=23) groups. The patients were educated on the study’s methodology and were instructed to visit at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. The placebo group received starch capsule supplements. Conversely, the treatment groups received <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (60 mg twice a day) singly and in combination with antioxidants. We enrolled 69 patients aged 40–70 years (41 men, 28 women). The Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Scores were determined pre- and post-treatment at each visit.Results: Supplementation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, provided marked improvement (<i>p</i><0.05) in post-treatment THI and VAS scores in the T2 group compared to those in the T1 and T0 groups. The greatest (<i>p</i><0.05) percent difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment THI (-36%) and VAS scores (-22.6%) of T2 patients. Likewise, the SF-36 scores improved significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) in the T2 group in varied parameters.Conclusions: <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, can be a promising therapy for tinnitus patients, providing marked improvement in THI, VAS, and SF-36 scores.

Practice of diesel fuel blends using alternative fuels: A review

Chauhan, Bhupendra Singh,Singh, Ram Kripal,Cho, H.M.,Lim, H.C. Elsevier 2016 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.59 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In order to meet the growing global energy requirement, exhaustive research is carried to develop and to use variety of renewable fuels. Concerns on the long-term availability of petroleum diesel and the stringent environmental norms have mandated the search for a renewable alternative to diesel fuel to address these problems. Diesel engines have proven their utility in the transportation, agriculture, and power sectors for small energy needs as a potential source of decentralized energy generation for electrification. Mixing of diesel fuel with biodiesel has been considered as good alternative to diesel in the past couple of years. The objective of the present study is to compare the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of blended fuels in the unmodified diesel engine. Differences in the fuel properties of non-edible vegetable oils, biodiesels and other diesel fuel blends are considered in this review. Various diesel fuel blends with di-ethyl ether, ethyl-tert-butyl ether, mono-ethylene glycol ethyl ether, mono-ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, karanja oil, mahua oil, linseed oil, rubber seed oil, neem oil, cashew nut shell oil, marine gas oil, fish oil, were used in diesel engine operation and their results were analyzed. It is clear from this review that all the blends studied generally causes an increase in NO<I>x</I> emission and a decrease in HC, CO and PM emissions compared to diesel. Biodiesel blended fuel shows lower brake thermal efficiency and slight increase in its brake specific fuel consumption compared to conventional diesel for the same energy output. Result of combustion and performance characteristics shows that biodiesels from different origin and its blends with diesel at 10–20% is better than higher blends. Thus, biodiesel could be a potential fuel for diesel engine and play a vital role in the near future especially for small and medium energy requirements. Hence, use of 10% to 20% blend of biodiesel is favorable for long term application in diesel engines, considering performance and emissions characteristics which are close to mineral diesel.</P>

A STUDY OF THE RIGHT LOCAL GENERAL TRUNCATED M-FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE

Chauhan, Rajendrakumar B.,Chudasama, Meera H. Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회논문집 Vol.37 No.2

We introduce a new type of fractional derivative, which we call as the right local general truncated M-fractional derivative for α-differentiable functions that generalizes the fractional derivative type introduced by Anastassiou. This newly defined operator generalizes the standard properties and results of the integer order calculus viz. the Rolle's theorem, the mean value theorem and its extension, inverse property, the fundamental theorem of calculus and the theorem of integration by parts. Then we represent a relation of the newly defined fractional derivative with known fractional derivative and in context with this derivative a physical problem, Kirchoff's voltage law, is generalized. Also, the importance of this newly defined operator with respect to the flexibility in the parametric values is described via the comparison of the solutions in the graphs using MATLAB software.

Indian Science and Technology at the Time of British Occupation

Chauhan, Karan S. 한국외국어대학교 남아시아연구소 2001 남아시아연구 Vol.6 No.-

Ancient Indian Approach to Environment

Chauhan. Karan S. 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 남아시아연구소 2000 남아시아연구 Vol.5 No.-

Thymol elicits HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cell death through induction of oxidative stress

Chauhan, Anil,Bahuguna, Ashutosh,Paul, Souren,Kang, Sun Bentham Science 2017 ANTICANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.999

PANI-ZnO clad modified multimode optical fiber pH sensor based on EWA

Chauhan Maya,Singh Vinod Kumar 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-

In the present investigation, an intrinsic intensity modulated optical fiber pH sensor is developed and experimentally tested at room temperature. To fabricate the sensor probe, original cladding of multimode fiber was replaced by a pH-sensitive polyaniline-zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) nanocomposite matrix whose absorbance property and refractive index (RI) are pH dependent. The synthesized PANI, ZnO, and incorporation of ZnO into PANI was confirmed and analyzed by some characterization techniques. It was observed that the ZnO composition into PANI not only enhances the materials’s optical activity, porosity and hence sensitivity of the sensor but also boosts the mechanical strength of the coating layer over silica surface. Moreover, high index ZnO material is used to enhance the evanescent field towards the sensing region, which can help in better interaction of light from the outer medium. The pH sensing principle depends upon evanescent wave absorption (EWA) due to swelling/ shrinkage of PANI and hence modification in volume and RI of the layer leads to change in transmitted optical power. The average sensitivity of proposed sensor was found to be 2.46 μW/pH for a wide pH range of 2–10 unit. The sensor also possesses excellent stability, fast response time, low hysteresis, good repeatability and durability characteristics. Results suggest that this sensor can be productively utilized in biomedical and chemical sensing applications.

Detection and purification of backbone-cyclized proteins using a bacterially expressed anti-myc-tag single chain antibody

Chauhan, Sushma,Hou, Chen Yuan,Jung, Sang Taek,Kang, Taek Jin Academic Press 2017 Analytical biochemistry Vol.532 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A myc-tag and of which recognition by an antibody 9E10 has long been used for the detection and purification of recombinant proteins. We have previously expanded the application of the tag to the specific detection and purification of backbone-cyclized proteins. Here we sought a more practical way to using the 9E10 antibody by expressing its single chain antibody (scAb) form in <I>Escherichia coli</I>. The combined use of a strong T7 promoter and auto-induction strategy rather than early to mid-log induction of a Lac promoter resulted in the soluble over-expression of 9E10 scAb. However, the co-expression of a chaperone, Skp, was absolutely necessary for the activity even when the protein was expressed in a soluble manner. We could purify about 4 mg of 9E10 scAb from 1 l of culture, and the resulting scAb could be used to detect and purify the backbone-cyclized protein as the parental full-length 9E10. Moreover, the immunoaffinity resin prepared using 9E10 scAb could be regenerated several times after the elution of bound proteins using an acid, which added more value to the ready preparation of the active antibody in bacteria.</P>

Role of Devnagari and Persian Script in Hindi-Urdu Controversy: A Historical Perspective

( Chauhan Karan Singh ) 한국인도학회 2011 印度硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Controversy regarding the language of the so-called ``Hindustani`` area has been an important issue throughout British period which engulfed the Indian freedom movement. Hindi or ``Hindui`` was the original form adopted and mentioned as such by the earliest of writers of Hindi. Later, word Urdu came into use to denote the same language called Hindi or Hindui, but with a Persian tilt. The common people continued to regard both forms as one language. Due to Moghal rule, Hindi and later Urdu written in Persian script became the official language of governance. When Britishers came to India they found a very interesting phenomena with regard to language and scripts pravelent in northern Hindi belt. Although the spoken language of the people was one, but it was written in a script, imposed from outside. They tried to confirm the real position by doing various language and script surveys and came to the conclusion that it would be better for communication and understanding if beside Persian script, ``Nagari`` script is introduced in Government offices and courts etc. This angered the Muslim community who used to be in an advantageous position with Persian script. Although, language question was never a controversial issue among the common people of this area but due to the two different scripts, it got associated with communal feelings. The emergence of Sanskritized Hindi and Persianized Urdu was the direct outcome of this communal divide. Britishers tried to not only placate this but took full advantage of the issue for dividing people on communal lines. To create communal unity within freedom struggle, Gandhi Ji tried to bring ``Hindustani`` into focus which represent the mix of both spoken Hindi and Urdu. He advocated one common language for both the communities which can be written either in Nagari or Persian script. It attracted lot of criticism from both sides. In such a charged atmosphere the question of National language or a National script became more and more controversial. Progressive cultural movement, being the most important literary movement in all Indian Languages, where both Hindi and Urdu writers worked together, tried to understand and solve the language and script problem. On the basis of its analysis and conclusions it mendated that Hindi written in Devnagari script should be the national language of the country and Urdu written in Persian should be regarded as close associate of it. Later, when Indian constitution was framed and implemented, in article 343 regarding the Official language of the Union it was written that ``the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagari script.``