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황장선,( Assaf A Gilad ),최종훈 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
Developing synthetic biological devices to allow the noninvasive control of cell fate and function in vivo can potentially revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. To address this unmet need, we designed an artificial biological “switch” that consists of two parts: (1) electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) and (2) magnetic particles. Our group has recently cloned the EPG from the Kryptopterus bicirrhis (glass catfish). The EPG encodes to a putative membrane-associated protein that responds to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This gene’s primary mechanism of action is to raise the intracellular calcium levels or change in flux through EMF stimulation. Here, we developed a system for the remote regulation of [Ca2+]i (i.e. intracellular calcium ion concentration) using streptavidin-coated ferromagnetic particles (FMPs) under a magnetic field. The results demonstrate that the EPG-FMPs can be used as a molecular calcium switch to express target proteins.
Synthesis of Beta-glucan Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Single Strand DNA
황장선,이경우,Assaf A. Gilad,최종훈 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.2
The polysaccharide and biopolymer, beta-glucan, has been used for the purpose of enhancing immunity and its use as a drug delivery system has been diversified. Betaglucan, a triple helix structure, is unstructured to single strands by heat, DMSO or NaOH. Synthesis of beta-glucan nanoparticles using DMSO and water is easy and fast, but its size is limited. In this study, beta-glucan nanoparticles (GluNPs) were prepared by slicing beta-glucan into low molecular weight using various concentrations of Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). TFA-treated GluNPs showed a minimum size of 250 nm. In addition, there is no abnormality in the characteristic of the functional groups of the nanoparticle surface after the acid treatment allowing GluNPs use in immune cell activation. Also, the efficiency of GluNPs as a drug or DNA carrier was confirmed by inserting ssDNA into the glucan triple helix structure. Beta-glucan nanoparticles developed in this study would be expected to be used for genetic material delivery and immune response enhancement.
Effective delivery of immunosuppressive drug molecules by silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles
Hwang, Jangsun,Lee, Eunwon,Kim, Jieun,Seo, Youngmin,Lee, Kwan Hong,Hong, Jong Wook,Gilad, Assaf A.,Park, Hansoo,Choi, Jonghoon Elsevier 2016 Colloids and Surfaces B Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, molecular imaging, and cellular imaging. Various surface modifications have been applied to the particles to stabilize their surface and to give them a moiety for anchoring tags and/or drug molecules. Conventional methods of delivering immunosuppressant drugs often require a high dose of drugs to ensure therapeutic effects, but this can lead to toxic side effects. In this study, we used silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IOSs) for a drug delivery application in which the nanoparticles carry the minimum amount of drug required to be effective to the target cells. IOSs could be loaded with water-insoluble immunosuppressive drug molecules (MPA: mycophenolic acid) and be used as a contrast agent for MRI. We characterized the IOSs for their physicochemical properties and found their average hydrodynamic diameter and core size to be 40.5nm and 5nm, respectively. Following the introduction of MPA-loaded IOSs (IOS/M), we evaluated the secretion dynamics of cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The results showed that IOS/M effectively inhibited the secretion of the cytokines interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α, with a minimal concentration of MPA. In conclusion, IOS/M may have potential applications in both efficient drug delivery and MRI.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We prepared silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles delivering immunosuppressive drugs. </LI> <LI> We examine drug releasing and immunomodulatory effects of nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Drug delivering nanoparticles inhibited the secretion of the cytokines. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nanoparticles delivering immunosuppressive drug molecules to the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
황장선,손재우,서영민,조연호,이경우,이도현,Muhammad Saad Khan,Sachin Chavan,박찬휘,Anand Sharma,Assaf A. Gilad,최종훈 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-
Bacterial infections and resistance against antibiotics are on the rise despite new drug development. New developments in the field of nanomedicine are proving to be an alternative for traditional antibiotics. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have a promising role in emerging nanomedicine because of their low cytotoxicity and efficient drug delivery potential. In current study, we developed and analyzed silica nanoparticles of ∼50 nm in size that are capable of encapsulating small organic molecules and drugs, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), doxorubicin (DOX), 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and/or isoniazid (INH). Our drug delivery contains the anti-tuberculosis drug, INH, which is encapsulated in beta (β)-glucan-conjugated SiNPs. We focused on synthesizing and encapsulating SiNPs that have amine functional groups as well as the ability to conjugate with β-glucan molecules, making the nanocomplex both a drug carrier and a stimulus for host immune systems.
Hwang, Jangsun,Son, Jaewoo,Seo, Youngmin,Jo, Yeonho,Lee, Kyungwoo,Lee, Dohyun,Khan, Muhammad Saad,Chavan, Sachin,Park, Chanhwi,Sharma, Anand,Gilad, Assaf A.,Choi, Jonghoon Elsevier 2018 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.58 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bacterial infections and resistance against antibiotics are on the rise despite new drug development. New developments in the field of nanomedicine are proving to be an alternative for traditional antibiotics. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have a promising role in emerging nanomedicine because of their low cytotoxicity and efficient drug delivery potential. In current study, we developed and analyzed silica nanoparticles of ∼50nm in size that are capable of encapsulating small organic molecules and drugs, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), doxorubicin (DOX), 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and/or isoniazid (INH). Our drug delivery contains the anti-tuberculosis drug, INH, which is encapsulated in beta (β)-glucan-conjugated SiNPs. We focused on synthesizing and encapsulating SiNPs that have amine functional groups as well as the ability to conjugate with β-glucan molecules, making the nanocomplex both a drug carrier and a stimulus for host immune systems.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Beta-glucan modified silica nanoparticles carrying and secreting anti-tuberculosis drug molecules: SA treated Glu was presenting carboxyl groups on their surface while SiNPs encapsulating INH were terminated with amine groups. Glu and SiNPs were then conjugated with by EDC/NHS linkers. INH@SiNPs/Glu complexes released drug molecules while macrophages recognizing Glu secreted cytokines (Red arrows: Glu, Yellow arrows: INH encapsulated SiNPs: Right, Drug release profiling: Left).</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Optical Immunosensors for the Efficient Detection of Target Biomolecules
이도현,황장선,서영민,Assaf A. Gilad,최종훈 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.2
Recently, immunosensors have attracted attention because they are widely applied for the detection of various pathogens. Among the commonly used immunosensors, the optical immunosensor features prominently as an effective tool for the quantification of the amount of antibodies, antigens, or haptens in complex samples with high sensitivity and specificity. However, very few studies provide comprehensive overviews of optical immunosensors. In this review, we present various methods and applications of optical immunosensors in pathogen detection. We introduced a concise definition of optical immunosensors and the principle of using them for detection. We subsequently discuss the main categories of optical immunosensors and their application to the detection of pathogens, as well as their advantages and limitations. Recent publications from 2006 to 2015 on variously designed optical immunosensors have also been updated. We conclude the review with a brief summary and discuss future directions of optical immunosensors.
Mechanisms of Salinity Control in Sea Bass
황장선,김상수,서영민,이경우,박찬휘,최용현,김다솜,Assaf A. Gilad,최종훈 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.3
Sea bass can regulate the concentration of Na+, K+, and Cl-, among other ions, in their blood, skin, gills, and kidney. Therefore, the salinity of the water does not have a great influence on their metabolism, and sea bass can live in both sea and freshwater in accordance with the salt concentration. Most salinity control occurs in the gills, primarily through the control of chloride cells present there. The concentration of ions in the blood is controlled by the cotransporter Na+ / K+ / 2Cl- (NKCC) in the chloride cell, and the subunits of Na+ / K+ ATPase (NKA) function to maintain homeostasis. The expression of NKA is regulated by subunits of the protein FXYD, allowing the sea bass to survive in compliance with the salinity. In this way, it is possible for sea bass to live in sea and freshwater by controlling the salinity of its body using functions of various channels, proteins, and genes present in the chloride cells of sea bass. In this study, we investigated recent studies of salt control mechanisms in sea bass and their application.
Kim, Taeho,Momin, Eric,Choi, Jonghoon,Yuan, Kristy,Zaidi, Hasan,Kim, Jaeyun,Park, Mihyun,Lee, Nohyun,McMahon, Michael T.,Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo,Bulte, Jeff W. M.,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Gilad, Assaf A. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.9
<P/><P>Mesoporous silica-coated hollow manganese oxide (HMnO@mSiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanoparticles were developed as a novel <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB> magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. We hypothesized that the mesoporous structure of the nanoparticle shell enables optimal access of water molecules to the magnetic core, and consequently, an effective longitudinal (<I>R</I><SUB>1</SUB>) relaxation enhancement of water protons, which value was measured to be 0.99 (mM<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 11.7 T. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were efficiently labeled using electroporation, with much shorter <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB> values as compared to direct incubation without electroporation, which was also evidenced by signal enhancement on <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB>-weighted MR images in vitro. Intracranial grafting of HMnO@mSiO<SUB>2</SUB>-labeled MSCs enabled serial MR monitoring of cell transplants over 14 days. These novel nanoparticles may extend the arsenal of currently available nanoparticle MR contrast agents by providing positive contrast on <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB>-weighted images at high magnetic field strengths.</P>
Use of Nanoscale Materials for the Effective Prevention and Extermination of Bacterial Biofilms
이도현,서영민,Muhammad Saad Khan,황장선,조연호,손재우,이경우,박찬휘,Sachin Chavan,Assaf A. Gilad,최종훈 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.1
Biofilms have been shown to cause most human infections. The prevention and extermination of bacterial biofilms has always presented a major challenge in the clinic. The failure of traditional antibiotics and the development of bacterial resistance against these measures is on the rise. Nanoscale materials possess the advantage of presenting enhanced surface properties of bulk materials, and are emerging as effective agents for deterring microbial growth. This review article summarizes the fundamentals of bacterial growth, biofilm formation, mechanisms for antibacterial technologies, and usage of nanoparticles for the prevention and extermination of biofilms. Further research is required with respect to the appropriate usage of nanoparticles for the effective control of biofilms to save human lives and reduce healthcare costs.
Kim, Jaeyun,Arifin, Dian R.,Muja, Naser,Kim, Taeho,Gilad, Assaf A.,Kim, Heechul,Arepally, Aravind,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Bulte, Jeff W. M. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.10
<P><B><I>Doppeltes Abschirmen</I></B> von Inselzellen und multimodale Bildgebung mithilfe eines Kapsel‐in‐Kapsel‐Systems werden in der Zuschrift von T. Hyeon et al. auf S. 2365 ff. beschrieben. Die semipermeable äußere Alginatmembran unterbindet das Eindringen von Immunzellen und Antikörpern, lässt aber die ungehinderte Diffusion von Nährstoffen, Glucose, Sauerstoff und von den Inselzellen produziertem Insulin zu. Die innere Kapsel, die Eisenoxid‐ und Gold‐Bildgebungsagentien enthält, schützt die Zellen vor dem direkten Kontakt mit den Nanopartikeln.</P>