“Memory to All That Howling Space”:DeLillo’s Falling Man and the Artist after 9/11

황은주 한국현대영미소설학회 2011 현대영미소설 Vol.18 No.1

This essay discusses how Falling Man reveals Don DeLillo’s own dilemma as a writer who used to depict the atomic culture during the Cold War era, criticize multinational capitalism, and assume the artist’s role to attack and affect the viewers’ consciousness. After 9/11, the U. S. gave up the containment foreign policies and claimed a war on terrorism, and the American society could not afford even an artist-terrorist as a metaphor; DeLillo faced a new reality in which now he should speak for what his artist-terrorist characters had been criticizing in the 1990s. DeLillo had to pursue two separate goals at once: first, he felt a responsibility as an American writer, in a time of trauma on the collective level in the U. S., to create a “counter-narrative” against terrorism; second, he had to maintain his integrity as a writer who had criticized the global capitalist system. To provide solace to the traumatized American readers, he reconstructed Keith Neudecker, a fictive survivor’s memory as a counter-narrative. The story of the victims reconstructed in the novel escapes the terrorists’ script and creates a human beauty out of it, a meaning to hold on to. On the other hand, DeLillo created David Janiak, an artist-terrorist who refuses to tame the attacks into the Symbolic. Janiak, a so-called “falling man” in the novel, reminds the spectators of the falling man in Richard Drew’s picture by haunting New Yorkers’ everyday space. Though he retains the terrorists’ way of affecting human consciousness, the political meaning of his art is obscure. DeLillo has created Janiak for his artistic integrity, but Janiak’s inability to criticize the global capitalist system whose giant emblem has just collapsed reflects DeLillo’s own dilemma.

Bruner의 Folk Pedagogy에 기반한 수업과정의 재개념화 탐구

황은주,강현석 한국내러티브교육학회 2019 내러티브와 교육연구 Vol.7 No.3

Instruction is made up of interactions between teachers and students, and between students and students. For active interaction with students in instruction, the teacher's role is important. When knowing how students understand what a teacher teaches and knowing what students think about the class, a teacher can teach with best instruction methods, which students can understand. In instruction and learning environments, it is important for students to understand what a teacher says; for the teacher, it is critical to understand what students are thinking about. Understanding mutual mind between teacher and students is related to inter-subjectivity, which is the way human beings get to know others' mind. Human can construct a meaning by himself by internalizing culture through language use. Therefore, this article explored instruction methods which innovate pre-existing school instruction by overcoming its problem based on Bruner's idea, folk pedagogy. Folk pedagogy is what applies folk psychology in education. Folk psychology is an exploration of the human mind through human's intentional language and behavior. In the perspective of folk pedagogy, teacher's instruction method and educational tendency are affected by his thought and belief about learner in mind, and they appear in instruction and learning environments. As teacher's belief and thought about learners reflect culture and they affect instruction method formation, it is necessary for the teacher to have a most useful theory about the learner's mind. 본 연구에서는 Bruner의 일상교수(folk pedagogy)의 아이디어에 기반하여 현행 수업 방법의 문제점을 비판해보고 학교 수업을 개선할 수 있는 새로운 교육과정과 수업 방법 을 탐구하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 세 가지 연구문제를 설 정하였다. 첫째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy의 아이디어에 들어있는 의미와 특성은 무엇이 며, 현행 수업 방법에는 어떤 문제점이 있는가? 둘째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy의 기본 입장은 무엇이며 수업 방법과는 어떤 관련성이 있는가? 셋째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy 에 기반한 수업 방법은 어떻게 개발될 수 있으며 그것은 실제의 학교 교육에 어떠한 시 사점을 제공할 수 있는가? 이상의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 관련 문헌을 분석하였다. 논 의에 의하면, Bruner의 일상교수(folk pedagogy)는 마음이 여기에서 지금 어떻게 작용하 는지, 아동의 마음이 어떻게 학습하는지, 무엇이 마음을 성장시키는지에 관심을 가지는 일상심리(folk psychology)에 기반하고 있다. 인간의 신념에는 문화가 반영되어 있고 그 러한 신념을 갖고 있는 인간의 의도적인 언어나 행위로 인간의 마음을 탐구하는 일상심 리(folk psychology)를 교육에 적용한 것이 일상교수(folk pedagogy)이다. 교사의 교수 방법이나 교육적 성향은 교사 내면에 자리 잡고 있는 학습자에 대해 가지고 있는 교사의 생각이나 신념의 영향을 받고 교수·학습상황에서 나타난다. 따라서 교사는 아동들이 어 떻게 생각하여 그 지식을 획득하게 되었는지를 파악하여 교수·학습 상황에서 아이들을 도울 수 있는 수업 방법을 연구해야 한다.

Additional mitochondrial DNA sequences from the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an endangered species in South Korea

황은주,정수연,왕아라,김민지,김익수 한국잠사학회 2018 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.36 No.2

The dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an endangered insect in South Korea. Previously, partial mitochondrial COI and CytB gene sequences have been used to infer genetic diversity and gene flow of this species in South Korea. In this study, we additionally collected C. tripartitus (n = 35) from one previous locality and two new localities, sequenced COI and CytB genes, and combined these with preexisting data for population genetic analysis. Sequence divergence of current samples showed slightly lower values [4.86% (32 bp) for COI and 4.16% (18 bp) for CytB] than that in the previous study. Nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.005336 (Gulupdo) to 0.020756 (Seogwi-dong) in COI and 0.009060 (Aewol-eup) to 0.017464 (Seogwi-dong) in CytB. Seogwi-dong samples that showed the highest π in the previous study also showed the highest π in this study for both gene sequences. The newly investigated Gulupdo samples had the lowest haplotype diversity for both gene sequences. They also had the lowest π for COI and the second lowest π for CytB. On the other hand, the newly added Haean-dong sample had relatively higher diversity estimates. Gene flow among populations was high, although significant difference was only detected between Gulupdo and Anmado or between Gulupdo and Seogwi-dong for COI sequences (P < 0.05). Considering the high genetic diversity and gene flow in C. tripartitus populations, one major issue regarding conservation seems not to be recovery of genetic diversity.

Stateless within the States: American Homeland Security after 9/11 and Francis Lawrence's I Am Legend

황은주 European Association of American Studies 2015 European Journal of American Studies Vol.10 No.2

Cochrane Library 사용지침서

황은주 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2010 임상이비인후과 Vol.21 No.2

World Literature and Narrative Experimentation in Sok-yong Hwang’s East Asia Trilogy

황은주 21세기영어영문학회 2016 영어영문학21 Vol.29 No.4

This article contends that realism is still a valid aesthetic for literature from the periphery of the world literary system through examining Sok-yong Hwang’s East Asia trilogy: The Guest, Shim Chong, and Princess Bari. As a representative writer of Korean realism, Hwang would not give up trying to represent the reality of the voiceless and powerless people and make their voices heard, but he had to develop a more marketable form and content for international readers. His “poetic narrative” is what he has developed as a way to hold the realist spirit in a new form, and the trilogy is its outcome. Despite ghosts’ appearance, the use of shamanistic motifs and ceremonies, and the use of multiple perspectives, his fiction always engages with real politics. By discussing the Sin’chŏn massacre in The Guest, the history of women exploited by capitalism in Shim Chong, and the migrants living on the periphery of the neoliberal world-system in Princess Bari, this article delves into how Hwang’s experiments with realism make the voices from the periphery more accessible to international readers.

Maximal inequalities and an application under a weak dependence

황은주,신동완 대한수학회 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.1

We establish maximal moment inequalities of partial sums under $\psi$-weak dependence, which has been proposed by Doukhan and Louhichi [P. Doukhan and S. Louhichi, A new weak dependence condition and application to moment inequality, Stochastic Process. Appl. 84 (1999), 313--342], to unify weak dependence such as mixing, association, Gaussian sequences and Bernoulli shifts. As an application of maximal moment inequalities, a functional central limit theorem is developed for linear processes with $\psi$-weakly dependent innovations.

실제와 상상 사이: 뉴욕의 지하공간과 제니퍼 토스의 『두더지 인간들』

황은주 영미문학연구회 2013 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.34

Artists in a Marketplace: Art and Multinational Capitalism in Don DeLillo’s Mao II andUnderworld

황은주 미국소설학회 2007 미국소설 Vol.14 No.1

Artists in a Marketplace:Art and Multinational Capitalism inDon DeLillo’s Mao II and UnderworldEunju HwangThis essay investigates DeLillo’s view of art and artist in the late capitalist society. In Mao II, Don DeLillo writes about the disappearance of the aura and the status of author in the late capitalist society. In the novel, he is depicting a world in which art is no more than a consumer product and an artist himself a product to sell. Due to mechanical reproduction and mass media, according to the novel, art has become much inferior to terrorism in its power to shape mass consciousness, and the author has lost his aura as the originator of the meaning of his text. Bill Gray, knowing the principles of the market, walks the tightrope between silence and fame; he deliberately removes himself from the audience in order to increase his fame, his cash values. His anonymous death, the survival of his copyright, and his portraits that would replace him by inheriting his “specious aura” crystalize the reduced status of the author in the contemporary society. On the other hand, in Underworld, DeLillo searches for a redemptive power from art. In a world of waste, where only waste maintains its “aura” due to its “untouchability,” DeLillo still finds the only source for hope from the power of art. Artists like Moonman who is not co-opted by capitalism and people like Esmeralda who can never be contained within the system give people hope in the novel. DeLillo himself also sheds off the “specious aura” of the artist for sale by creating redemptive moments and images in his novel and writing an “underhistory” of the multinational capitalist society.

Growth Rate of Dominant Follicles During Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation

황은주,구승엽,김용진,지병철,서창석,김석현,최영민,김정구,문신용,Hwang, Eun-Ju,Ku, Seung-Yup,Kim, Yong-Jin,Jee, Byung-Chul,Suh, Chang-Suk,Kim, Seok-Hyun,Choi, Young-Min,Kim, Jung-Gu,Moon, Shin-Yong The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2010 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.37 No.3

목 적: 과배란유도 환자에서의 우성난포의 성장속도와 임상인자들과의 연관성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 체외수정시술을 위한 과배란유도 313주기를 대상으로 혈중 호르몬 농도를 측정하고 과배란유도 주기 중 난포 직경의 변화를 초음파를 이용하여 연속적으로 측정하였다. 우성난포의 성장 속도를 계산하고, 임상지표와의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과: Gonadotropin releasing hormone 작용제와 길항제 주기 사이에 우성난포의 성장속도의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 아니하였다. 우성난포의 성장속도와 환자의 연령, 체질량 지수, 생리 시작 3일의 follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 에스트라디올, 획득 난자의 수, 수정률 등의 임상지표는 유의한 연관성이 없었다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과는 우성난포의 성장속도는 난소 반응을 포함한 임상지표와 연관성이 없는 독립적인 변수임을 시사한다. Objective: To evaluate if there is any correlation between the growth rate of dominant follicles and clinical characteristics or outcome variables in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Methods: This study was performed in 313 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured on day 3 of menstrual cycle, and serial ultrasonographic measurement of the diameter of growing follicles was performed. The growth rates of dominant follicles calculated by diameter difference divided by days were correlated with clinical characteristics and outcome variables. Results: There was no significant difference in the growth rate of the dominant follicles between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and antagonist cycles. No significant correlation was found between the growth rates and evaluated factors such as age, body mass index, LH, FSH, $E_2$, retrieved oocytes and fertilization rate. Conclusion: The Growth rate of dominant follicles seems to show an independent feature of basal characteristics and ovarian response.