고려인삼이 더위에 폭로된 흰쥐의 부신 아스코르빈산에 미치는 영향

許創龍,金正鎭,金宗圭 최신의학사 1967 最新醫學 Vol.10 No.3

This study was planned to see whether the Nnax Ginseng has any influence upon the stress mechani3f i- iii fats- exposed to high ieii peratiir`e: Dividing 90 male albino rats whose body weight ranged from 150 to 200 gram into saline :group and ginseng - group and utilizing the adrenal ascorbic acid content as an indicator; of reaction to stress, experiments were carried out as follows For 10 consecutive days the ginseng group and the saline group received each day 0.5 ml per 100 gram body weight of ginseng extract and physiological saline, respectively:. On the 5th day after beginning of _ginseng or saline administration the left adrenal ascorbic acid content - of all rats. was measured i and regarded as control. value of,.. adrenal ascorbic acid 'content:, before. stress; Beginning.on the 8th experimental day, _both the. ginseng and- the saline grbups were exposed ,to heat (in.a warm-chamber of 350, for one: hour every day for 3..conseutive days. The right adrenal ascorbic acid content was measured immediately; z. hours after; or 5 _hours after termination of the last heat stress. . The ascorbic; acid was - measured:- colorimetrically with Coleman : Junior S.peetrophotometer . utilizing the' reduction of 2; 6-dichlorophenol=indophenol sodium. To prepare ginseng extract, 300 gram of Korean Panax Ginseng was extracted with 95 yo ethyl alcohol on a boiling' water , bath fbr.. abotit 300 -hours. This procedure yielded 54 gram of dark brown substance from which a ginseng extract was prepared' dissolving r. 4 mg of the substance in 1 ml of physiological saline. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Ginseng extract had no influence upoi} the adrenal ascorbic acid `content of rats before exposure to heat stress. 2) The adrenal ascorbic acid content of ginseng group decreased significantly over that of saline group innmediately, or 2 hours after termination' of one hour heat stfess. However, measurement at 5 hours ` after termination of heat stress Aowed that adrenai ascorbic acid content of ginseng :group tended to regain normal value, whereas that of the saline group continued to decrease, the difference between two values being significant. ' Judging. from the, above results, it is concluded that the administration of ginseng facilitates the reaction to and accelerates the recovery from the heat stress.

순차적 SMT Processor를 위한 Scoreboard Array와 포트 중재 모듈의 구현

허창용,이용석,홍인표 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.41 No.06

SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading) architecture uses TLP(Thread Level Parallelism) and increases processor throughput, such that issue slots can be filled with instructions from multiple independent threads. Having multiple ready threads reduces the probability that a functional unit is left idle, which increases processor efficiency. To utilize those advantages for the SMTprocessors, the issue unit must control the flow of instructions from different threads and not create conflicts among those instructions, which make the SMT issue logic extremely complex. Therefore, our SMT architecture, which is modeled in this paper, uses an in-order-issue and completion scheme, and therefore, can use a simple issue mechanism with a scoreboard array instead of using register renaming or a reorder buffer. However, an SMT scoreboarding mechanism is still more complex and costlier than that of a single threaded conventional processor. This paper proposes an optimal implementation of a scoreboarding mechanism for an ARM-based SMT architecture. SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading)구조는 여러 개의 독립적인 쓰레드들로부터의 명령어들을 이용하여, 이슈 슬롯을 채울 수 있도록 하는 쓰레드 레벨 병렬 성을 사용함으로서, 결국 프로세서의 성능을 향상시킨다. 독립적인 여러 개의 준비된 쓰레드들을 갖는다는 것은 실행 유닛들이 무용의 상태로 남아 있는 가능성을 줄일 수 있다는 의미이며, 이러한 사항은 결국 프로세서의 효율성을 증가 시키게 된다. SMT 프로세서에서 그러한 이점을 이용하기 위해서는, 이슈 유닛은 서로 다른 쓰레드들로부터의 여러 명령어들 간의 흐름을 제어해서, 그러한 명령어들 사이에서 충돌이 일어나지 않도록 해야 하지만, 이러한 사실로 인해 SMT 프로세서의 이슈 로직은 매우 복잡해지게 된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안된 SMT 구조는 순차적 이슈와 완료 방식을 채택하여, 복잡한 레지스터 리네이밍이나 재순차 버퍼 등을 사용할 필요가 없이 비교적 간단한 스코어보드 어레이만을 사용하는 이슈 구조를 사용할 수 있게 하였다, 그러나, 여전히 SMT용 스코어보드 구조는 일반적인 단일 쓰레드의 범용 프로세서의 경우 보다는 훨씬 더 복잡하고 많은 비용이 소요된다. 본 논문은 ARM 기본의 순차적 SMT 아키텍처 상에서의 최적의 스코어보드 메커니즘에 대한 구현을 제안한다.

순차적 SMT Processor를 위한 Scoreboard Array와 포트 중재 모듈의 구현

허창용,홍인표,이용석,Heo, Chang-Yong,Hong, In-Pyo,Lee, Yong-Surk 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.41 No.6

SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading)구조는 여러 개의 독립적인 쓰레드들로부터의 명령어들을 이용하여, 이슈 슬롯을 채울 수 있도록 하는 쓰레드 레벨 병렬 성을 사용함으로서, 결국 프로세서의 성능을 향상시킨다. 독립적인 여러 개의 준비된 쓰레드들을 갖는다는 것은 실행 유닛들이 무용의 상태로 남아 있는 가능성을 줄일 수 있다는 의미이며, 이러한 사항은 결국 프로세서의 효율성을 증가 시키게 된다. SMT 프로세서에서 그러한 이점을 이용하기 위해서는, 이슈 유닛은 서로 다른 쓰레드들로부터의 여러 명령어들 간의 흐름을 제어해서, 그러한 명령어들 사이에서 충돌이 일어나지 않도록 해야 하지만, 이러한 사실로 인해 SMT 프로세서의 이슈 로직은 매우 복잡해지게 된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안된 SMT 구조는 순차적 이슈와 완료 방식을 채택하여, 복잡한 레지스터 리네이밍이나 재순차 버퍼 등을 사용할 필요가 없이 비교적 간단한 스코어보드 어레이만을 사용하는 이슈 구조를 사용할 수 있게 하였다, 그러나, 여전히 SMT용 스코어보드 구조는 일반적인 단일 쓰레드의 범용 프로세서의 경우보다는 훨씬 더 복잡하고 많은 비용이 소요된다. 본 논문은 ARM 기본의 순차적 SMT 아키텍처 상에서의 최적의 스코어보드메커니즘에 대한 구현을 제안한다. SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading) architecture uses TLP(Thread Level Parallelism) and increases processor throughput, such that issue slots can be filled with instructions from multiple independent threads. Having multiple ready threads reduces the probability that a functional unit is left idle, which increases processor efficiency. To utilize those advantages for the SMT processors, the issue unit must control the flow of instructions from different threads and not create conflicts among those instructions, which make the SMT issue logic extremely complex. Therefore, our SMT architecture, which is modeled in this paper, uses an in-order-issue and completion scheme, and therefore, can use a simple issue mechanism with a scoreboard already instead of using register renaming or a reorder buffer. However, an SMT scoreboarding mechanism is still more complex and costlier than that of a single threaded conventional processor. This paper proposes an optimal implementation of a scoreboarding mechanism for an ARM-based SMT architecture.

Sugioka 경전자 절골술을 이용한 대퇴무혈성 골두 괴사의 치료

손원용,허창용 최인철,배지훈 대한고관절학회 2002 Hip and Pelvis Vol.14 No.1

Sugioka Transtrochanteric Rotational Osteotomy in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral HeadShon Won Yong, Hur Chang Yong, Choi In Chul and Bae Ji Hoon

대퇴골 병적 골절을 동반한 구루병 치험 1례 : A case report

이웅대,허창용,김형석 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.10

주두골절의 수술적 치료에 대한 고찰

박상원,심재학,허창용 대한골절학회 1994 대한골절학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Most olecranon fractures are intraarticular and therefore can compromise the stability of the elbow joint. When dispaced, open reduction and internal fixation are usually requried to obtain anatomic realignment of the articular surface and restore normal elbow function. In a retrospective study of 27 patients, fractures of the olecranon with operative treatment were analyzed for relationship between the treatment result and type of fracture, treatment method, articular involvement, and postoperative step off of articular surface from July, 1986 to September 1992 and following results were obtained. 1. There were 9 type I, 19 type II and 1 type III according to Mayo classification. 2. The methods of treatment were 6 cases(21%) of open reduction and medullary nailing, 16 cases(55%) of open reduction and tension band wiring, 2 cases(7%) of proximal fragment excision, and 3 cases of screw fixation. 3. Clinical results were good in 13 cases(48%), 9 fair(35%), 5 poor(17%) according to the criteria by Helm et al. Radiologic results were good in 12 cases(45%), B fair(30%), 5 poor(19%) except 2 cases of fragment excision. 4. The most common complication was protrusion of fixation device(14 cases:52%). 5. The poor result was noted mostly in Mayo fracture type III, articular involvement more than 6096, and postoperative step-off more than 2mm.

고려인삼 및 Nopcosol이 더위 혹은 추위에 계속 폭로된 흰쥐의 부신 아스코르빈산 함유량에 미치는 영향

金正鎭,金宗圭,許創龍 최신의학사 1967 最新醫學 Vol.10 No.5

This study examined whether the Panax Ginseng and a mineral-vitamine antibiotics complex (called Nopcosol commercially) have any effects on the stress mechanism in rats exposed to continuous cold or heat. Four hundred eighty male albino rats (body weight : 150200gm) were used. According to the kinds of food supplied (wheat, vegetable and fish, or wheat, vegetable and fish with added Nopcosol) and 1 drug administered (ginseng or saline), they were divided into wheat-saline group, wheat-ginseng group, { Nopcosol-saline group, and Nopcosol-ginseng group. Each group was further subdivided into control group, 1-day-exposure group, 5-day-exposure group, and 10-day-exposure group according to the duration of exposure to stress. Two experiments, one on heat stress and one on cold stress, were carried out. For 6, 10 and 15 consecutive days the wheat-saline, wheat-ginseng, Nopcosol-saline, and Nopcosol-ginseng groups received each day 0.5ml per 100gm body weight of ginseng extract or physiological saline r;t r and ad libitum supply of wheat or wheat and Nopcosol (12 : 1). On the 5th day after beginning of ginseng or saline administration the animals undergoing stress were exposed to high (30C) or low (10C) temperature for 1, 5 or 10 days. The adrenal ascorbic acid content of all rats was measured r immediately after termination of the last heat or cold stress. Adrenal ascorbic acid content served as an indicator of reaction to stress. This vitamine was measured - L: colorimetrically with Coleman Junior Spectrophotometer utilizing the reduction of 2, 6-dichlorophenol-indophenol sodium. To prepare ginseng extract, 300gm of Korean Panax Ginseng was extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol on a boiling water bath for about 300 hours. This procedure yielded 49 gm of dark brown substance from which a ginseng extract was prepared, dissolving 4mg of the substance in 1 ml "of physiological saline. Results obtained were as follows: F 1. Without exposure to cold or heat, the adrenal ascorbic acid content was not affected by the administration of ginseng extract. 2. The adrenal ascorbic acid content of rats fed on wheat, vegetable and fish with added Nopcosol was to ker~' ihan' that of rats fed on- wheat, vegetable, and "fish alone.. 3. Under heat :tress, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of the wheat-saline group decreased progressive= s-.;lyjeLween the first and the 5th day of exposure and then began to increase sluggishly, while under cold stress it increased somewhat 'between the first and the 5th day of exposure and then began to decrease until 'it showed a value significantly lower than that of pre-exposure period at the 10th day of exposure. 4. Under cold as well as heat exposure, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of the wheat-ginseng group decreased progressively between the first and the 5th day of exposure, but then began to increase until at the 10th day it almost regained the value before exposure. 5. Both in the warm and cold environments, the adrenal ascorbic acid contents of the Nopcosol-saline group and the Nopcosol-ginseng group did not differ significantly, and they varied similarly as the stress continued. 6. The adrenal ascorbic acid contents of rats fed on wheat with added Nopcosol decreased less or increased more prominently than that of the wheat-saline group between the first and the 5th day of exposure to heat or cold, respectively. However, the Nopcosol group and the wheat-saline group did_ not differ significantly from each other as to their adrenal ascorbic acid contents after the 5th day of exposure. Assuming that increase in adrenal ascorbic acid content under chronic stress means growing resistance to stress, the above results may be interpreted as indicating that the ginseng contributes to the resistance against chronic heat and cold stresses. Under the same situation, Nopcosol may also help resisting the stress, but its effect does not last long. In addition, Nopcosol tends to nullify the effect of ginseng on the stress mechanism.

비외상성 대퇴골두 괴사증에 시행한 핵심 감압술 및 경전자 회전 절골술의 결과의 비교

문준규,왕준호,허창용,손원용 대한정형외과학회 2004 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.39 No.6

혼합형 인공고관절 전치환술에서의 비구컵 골용해 (5~11.5년 추시결과)

손원용,황진호,허창용,문준규 대한고관절학회 2004 Hip and Pelvis Vol.16 No.3

후방십자인대 손상을 동반한 후경골과 석출 골절

박상원(Sang Won Park),허창용(Chang Yong Hur),이홍근(Hong Keun Lee) 대한정형외과학회 1988 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.23 No.6