X-선 장치의 기술적 인자의 변화에 따른 선량 비교 평가

한동균,고신관,선종률,윤석환,정재은,Han, Dong-Kyoon,Ko, Shin-Gwan,Seon, Jong-Ryul,Yoon, Seok-Hwan,Jung, Jae-Eun 대한디지털의료영상학회 2009 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

With the recent development of diagnosis using radiation and increasing demand of the medical treatment, we need to minimize radiation exposure dose. So, This is the method which reduce patient dose by measuring surface dose of radiographic change factor and by comparing theoretical and actual dose, when we take an X-ray which is generally used. By changing the factor of kV, mAs, FSD, whose range is 60 to 120 kV, 20 to 100 mAs, 80 to 180 cm, we compared theoretical surface dose with actual surface dose calculated by the simple calculation program, Bit system, and NDD-M method As a result, when kV and mAs were higher, theoretical surface dose and actual surface dose were more increased. but the higher FSD was, the more decreased surface dose was. According to this, the error were measured about 0.1 to 0.2 mGy in low dose part and about 0.7 to 1.5 mGy in high dose part. Therefore, this shows that theoretical surface dose calculation method is more correct in low dose part than in high dose part. In conclusion, we will have to make constant efforts which can reduce patient and radiographer's exposure dose, studying methods which can predict patient's radiation exposure dose more exactly.

재구성 알고리즘 변화에 따른 CT 영상의 화질 평가

한동균,박건진,고신관,Han, Dong-Kyoon,Park, Kun-Jin,Ko, Shin-Kwan 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

In this study, the correlation among the changes of Modulation Transfer Function(MTF) in the noise and high-contrast resolution and the change of Contrast to noise ratio(CNR) in the low-contrast resolution will be examined to investigate the estimation of image quality according to the type of algorithms. The image data obtained by scanning American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM) phantom was applied to each algorithm and the exposure condition of 120 kVp, 250 mAs, and then the CT number and noise were measured. The MTF curved line of the high-contrast resolution was calculated with Point Spread Function(PSF) by using the analysis program by Philips, resulting in 0.5 MTF, 0.1 MTF and 0.02 MTF respectively. The low-contrast resolution was calculated with CNR and the uniformity was measured to each algorithm. Since the measurement value for the uniformity of the equipment was below ${\pm}$ 5 HU, which is the criterion figure, it was found to belong to the normal range. As the algorithm got closer from soft to edge, the standard deviation of CT number increased, which indicates that the noise increased as well. As for MTF, 0.5 MTF, 0.1 MTF and 0.02 MTF were all sharp algorithms, and as the algorithm got closer from soft to edge, it was possible to distinguish more clearly with the naked eye. On the other hand, CNR gradually decreased, because the difference between the contrast hole CT number and the acrylic CT number was the same while the noise of hole increased.

휠체어에서 호흡수와 심박수 측정 및 이벤트 전송

한동균,김종명,홍주현,차은종,이태수,Han, Dong-Kyoon,Kim, Jong-Myoung,Hong, Joo-Hyun,Cha, Eun-Jong,Lee, Tae-Soo 대한의용생체공학회 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.6

The purpose of this study is to measure both ECG and BCG(Ballistocariograph) signal of a subject on moving or resting wheelchair and detect the heart rate and respiratory rate and transmit an event message to remote server on emergent situation. To acquire ECG and BCG data, amplifier circuits were composed to be suitable for their characteristics. The output signals were converted to digital data and stored in bio-signal archiving media(SD card). CDMA module was used to transmit the event data on ECG electrode detachment and the received data was monitored by the developed C# application program. 5 volunteers participated in the experiment to evaluate the validity of the developed device. When the event occurs in each subject, 48 Kbyte data, stored for 32 seconds from that point, was transmitted to remote server through CDMA cellular phone network correctly. The received data of ECG, BCG, and 3-axial acceleration could be archived in server and the heart rate and respiratory rate could be measured and analyzed. The developed device in this study could acquire the ECG and BCG data of subjects on wheelchair simultaneously and measure their heart rate and respiratory rate. In addition, event data was verified to be transmitted to remote server without any errors.

갑상선 자가항체와 인지기능 저하의 연관성

한동균,전진숙,최영식,김호찬,오병훈,Han, Dong Kyun,Cheon, Jin Sook,Choi, Young Sik,Kim, Ho Chan,Oh, Byoung Hoon 한국정신신체의학회 2016 정신신체의학 Vol.24 No.2

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자에서 인지결함의 발생 빈도를 알아보고, 이에 영향 미치는 변인을 규명하며, 특히 갑상선 자가항체와의 연관성을 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 여성 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자 65명을 대상으로 구조적 면담을 통해서 인구학적 정보를 얻었으며, 한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE-K)와 한국판 Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA-K)를 사용해서 인지기능을 평가하였고, 한국판 Depression Rating Scale(Korean Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, K-HDRS)를 사용해서 우울증을 평가하였다. 결 과 1) MMSE-K 총점 24점 이하는 7.69%, MoCA-K 총점 22점 이하는 10.77%였다. 인지기능 저하의 빈도는 antimicrosomal 항체 양성군(N=38, 58.46%)과 음성군(N=27) 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) Antimicrosomal 항체 양성군과 음성군의 변인별 차이를 비교한 결과, 음성군보다 양성군에서 antithyroglobulin 항체 수치, antimicrosomal 항체 수치, TSH 농도는 유의하게 높았고, free T4는 유의하게 낮았다(각각 p<0.05). 3) 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능과 여러 변인의 연관성을 분석한 결과, MMSE-K 검사와 MoCA-K 검사의 총점은 연령, 결혼상태, antithyroglobulin 항체 수치, K-HDRS 총점과 각각 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(각각 p<0.05). 4) 회귀분석 결과, 연령, 교육수준, 갑상선 자가항체, 갑상선기능, 우울증은 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결 론 본 연구의 결과는 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능과 갑상선 자가항체의 연관성을 지지할 수 없었다. Objectives : The aims of this study were to know the frequency of cognitive dysfunction among patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, and to reveal influencing factors on it, especially to clarify association with autoimmune thyroid antibodies. Methods : From sixty-five female patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, demographic data were obtained by structured interview. Their cognitive funtions were measured using the MMSE-K and the MoCA-K tests. Depression was evaluated by the K-HDRS. Results : 1) Among patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, 7.69% of them were below 24 on the MMSE-K, while 10.77% were below 22 on the MoCA-K. The frequency of cognitive deficit was not significantly different according to having positivity to antimicrosomal antibodies or not. 2) The antimicrosomal antibody-positive patients had significantly higher antithyroglobulin antibody titers, antimicrosomal antibody titers, and TSH concentration, while had significantly lower free T4 levels(p<0.05, respectively). 3) The total scores of the MMSE-K and the MoCA-K had significant correlation with age, marital status, antithyroglobulin antibody titers and K-HDRS(p<0.05, respectively). 4) The regression analysis revealed that variables such as age, education, autoimmune thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression did not influence on cognitive function of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Conclusions : Our results could not support that cognitive function of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders had correlation with autoimmune thyroid antibodies.

CT장치의 성능평가에 관한 연구

한동균,김문찬,양한준,고신관,Han Dong Kyoon,Kim Moon Chan,Yang Han Joon,Ko Shin Kwan 대한방사선사협회 2001 대한방사선사협회지 Vol.27 No.2

In medical equipments as complex as a computed tomographic equipment, routine quality control procedures are essential to the detection of small pathologic change in soft tissue as well as and the maintenance of optimal image quality. This study was condu

초등학교 지도학습을 위한 교재 개발 및 적용 가능성 모색

한동균(Han, Dong-Kyun) 한국사회과교육연구학회 2014 사회과교육 Vol.53 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교 지도학습의 효과적인 지도를 위해 그림지도 교재를 개발하고 적용하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 현행 초등학교 교육과정의 그림지도 학습 내용을 살펴보고 이의 한계와 문제점을 분석하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 그림지도 교재 개발의 필요성과 체제적 접근을 모색하였다. 구체적으로 Dick, Carey & Carey(2009)의 체제적 교수설계 모형에 의해 그림지도 교재를 개발하여 현장에 적용하고 피드백을 통해 문제점을 수정, 보완하였다. 체제적 교수설계는 교수의 여러 구성요소를 고려하여 요소별 유기적인 상호작용이 가능하게 해주며, 학습자와 상황의 요구를 반영한 지속적인 교재 수정을 통해 학습자 중심의 수업 실현과 함께 향후 교재의 효율적 활용을 가능하게 해준다. 특히 지도의 주요 요소별 학습이 필요한 그림지도 학습은 체제적 교수설계를 통해 절차적 연계성을 유지하며 활동 목적을 달성할 수 있다. 그리고 학생들은 스토리가 내재된 자율학습용 교재를 통해 그림지도를 학습함으로써, 자기주도적 학습 능력과 우리 고장에 대한 장소감과 지리적 상상력을 기를 수 있다. This study has the objective of developing and applying the pictorial map teaching material for effective instruction of map learning for elementary school students. To perform this objective, the study has investigated the content of the current elementary school curriculum’s pictorial learning and pointed out the its limitations and problems. And, based on the result, the necessity and the systematic approach for development of the pictorial map teaching material were searched for. Specifically, the pictorial map teaching material was designed by way of the model of systematic design of instruction of Dick, Carey & Carey(2009) and was applied to the sites and problems were corrected and supplemented according to the feedbacks. The systematic design of instruction enables the element-specific organic interaction by considering the various components of teaching and enables realization of the learner-centered learning and effective utilization of the teaching material afterwards through continuous correction of teaching material which reflects the demands of the learners and the situation. Especially, the pictorial mapping-based learning which need instruction’s component-specific lessons maintains the procedural connectivity and obtain activity objectives through systematic design of instruction. And, the students can rear self-directed learning ability and the sense of space and geographical imagination about our home land by learning the pictorial map through self-learning type of teaching material which contains stories.

초등 사회과에서 위치 학습의 적용 방안 모색

한동균(Han Dong Kyun):문종국(Moon Jong Guk) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.12

본 연구는 최근 초등 사회과에서 강조되고 있는 위치 학습의 적용 방안을 모색하는것에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 초등 사회과 교육과정에서 위치 학습의 동향을 파악하고 새로 개정된 교육과정을 중심으로 위치 학습의 적용 방안을 구안하고자하였다. 향후 적용될 2015 개정 사회과 교육과정은 사회과 교과역량의 함양과 과정 중심의 평가를 강조하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 초등 사회과에서 위치 학습의 방안을 탐색해 보고, 2015 개정 사회과 교육과정에 따라 사회과 교과역량을 함양하고 수업과 연계된 과정 중심의 평가가 이루어지도록 위치 학습의 적용 방안을 모색하였다. 수업과 연계된 과정 중심의 평가를 위해서는 수업 설계 시부터 해당 수업에서 추구하고자 하는 사회과 교과역량을 중심으로 수업과 평가를 동시에 설계하고 이와 관련된 수행과제를 부과할 수 있어야 한다. 그리고 이를 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 채점 기준표가 제작되어 학생 성장과 발달을 위한 피드백과 교사의 수업 개선에 활용되도록 해야 한다. 이를 반영하여 본 연구에서는 초등 사회과 수업에서 위치 학습에 관한 교수·학습 자료와 평가 자료를 구안하여 현장 적용 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 연구가향후 적용될 교육과정에 의거한 위치 학습의 실제적 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이를 토대로 보다 많은 위치 학습에 관한 현장 연구가 이어지기를 기대해 본다. This study aims to seek an application plan of location learning, which is emphasized recently in elementary social studies. For achieving this purpose, the trend of location learning in elementary social studies curriculum was examined and an application plan of location learning was devised, based on the newly revised curriculum. The 2015 revised social studies curriculum that will be applied in future, emphasizes social studies curriculum competency improvement and process-based assessment. In this study, therefore, a location learning plan in elementary social studies was explored for social studies curriculum competency improvement and process-based assessment with classes, according to the 2015 revised social studies curriculum. For process-based assessment with classes, class and assessment should be designed at the same time, based on the social studies curriculum competency that the class aims at, and relevant performance tasks should be assigned. Moreover, a scoring rubric for objective assessment should be produced and applied to feedback for student growth and development and teacher’s class improvement. In view of this, teaching and learning materials regarding location learning in elementary social studies and assessment materials were devised to explore the possibility of field application. This study has significance as an empirical study on location learning that is based on the curriculum to be applied in future and it is considered that on the basis of this study, more field researches on location learning have to be conducted.

스키마 이론에 근거한 사회과 지리 학습의 재해석

한동균 ( Dong Kyun Han ) 한국지리환경교육학회 2014 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Most of all people understand and solve various problems of daily lives, based on their previous knowledge. Therefore, the Schema, an cognitive system organized with previous knowledge becomes an important structure frame through which an individual interprets social phenomena. From an educational point of view, the student’s schemas are the most fundamental basis as well the origin of learning in which learning activities are generated. This is also the most basic issue of forming and developing of student’s knowledge in subject-matter education. In conclusion, the aim of subject-matter education may be to forster an ability to accumulate and use the schema as a structure of knowledge for a meaningful learnings of students. Thus, a study of formation and development of schema as the student’s knowledge constructs, seems to be important in terms of subject-matter education. However, few studies about this theme in subject-matter education have been implemented, and discussions of learning processes for students have been insufficiently carried out. Hence, this study attempted to reinterpret the social studies geography learning through a schema theory from a view of theory of knowledge.

모바일 어플리케이션 사용자 도움말 디자인 유형 분석연구

한동균(Han, Dong Gyoon) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.4

최근의 모바일 어플리케이션은 스마트폰의 대중화, 통신환경의 발전, 접근이 용이한 앱 마켓, 무료 앱 서비스등으로 쉽게 설치하고 빠르게 이용이 가능한 인스턴트(instant)식 소비 패턴을 보이고 있다. 이러한 앱 소비문화는 개발사(자)에게는 서비스 및 기능의 차별화, 디자이너에게는 앱 디자인의 질적 향상의 노력, 사용자에게는 새로운 인터페이스에 대한 사용자 경험의 기회를 제공하고 있다. 모바일 어플리케이션 서비스의 차별화와 사용자 인터페이스의 변화는 사용자에게 효과적인 앱이용을 위한 “도움말”의 필요성을 증대시켰다. 그러나 콘텐츠 중심의 앱 개발과정에서 도움말 디자인은 우선 순위에서 밀려나있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구는 모바일 앱에서 도움말의 중요성 인식에 따른 도움말의 유형을 분류하고, 2013년 1분기 국내 안드로이드 무료앱 100위 까지를 대상으로 어플리케이션에서의 도움말 디자인 유형사례를 분석하였다. 모바일 앱에서의 도움말은 초보 사용자에게 앱 인터페이스의 빠른 적응을 돕고, 사용자의 행동수행에 대한 피드백(feedback)을 제공하는 것이 가장 큰 목적이다. 도움말 표현기법에는 기호, 텍스트, 일러스트레이션 이미지, 사진, 동영상 등 그래픽적인 시각정보 위주로 이용되고 있다. 모바일 앱 도움말 디자인 유형 분석연구를 통해, 앱 디자인 영역 중 하나인 도움말 디자인에 관한 기초적인 연구와 도움말 디자인의 방향성을 모색해 보고자 한다. The popularity of mobile applications for consumer culture is a result of the widespread usage of smartphones and development of the communication environment, with easy-to-access app markets and free app services that generate patterns of instant consumption. The consumer culture invokes differentiation of services and features for the developer, efforts to improve the quality of app design for the designer, and opportunities for varying interfaces and experiences for the user. Changes to the mobile application user interface have increased the need for “user help“ to effectively operate Apps. However, the user help design is not a priority in the development of content-centered applications. This study classifies the types of user help designs for mobile applications. The targeted Apps placed in the Top 100 most downloaded free Apps for the Android market in Korea in the first quarter of 2013. The user help supports rapid adaptation to the user interface and provides feedback for the user’s actions. Expressions of user help are used to display graphics and visual information through the use of symbols, text, illustrations, images, photos, and videos. This study is an analysis of the user help design style for mobile applications and the basis of a case study for user help design.

MDCT에서 화질과 방사선량에 관한 연구

한동균(Dong-Kyoon Han),고신관(Shin-Gwan Ko),양한준(Han-Joon Yang),김문찬(Moon-Chan Kim) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2007 방사선기술과학 Vol.30 No.2

  본 연구는 MDCT장치에 있어 화질평가와 선량평가 방법을 통하여 장치의 항상성을 유지하며 양질의 의료영상을 제공하는 기초자료로 사용함과 더불어, MDCT의 각 장비에 따른 선량을 평가하고 제시하고자 서울소재 14대의 MDCT장치를 대상으로 시행하여 그 기준을 정량화 하였다.<BR>  MDCT를 이용한 화질측정 즉, CT number와 노이즈, 균일도, 공간분해능, 대조도 분해능과 선량 측정 즉, CTDI와 CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>, CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s의 결과는 다음과 같았다.<BR>  CT number는 평균 0.56±0.70HU, 노이즈는 평균 0.39±0.09HU, 균일도는 평균 1.08±0.52HU이었다. 그리고 공간분해능은 평균 0.48±0.05㎜, 대조도 분해능은 평균 3.65±1.16㎜이었다. CTDI는 head phantom을 이용한 경우 중앙부는 평균 43.2±15.4m㏉, 주변부는 45.6±17.5m㏉이었다, 그리고 body phantom에 있어 중앙부 평균은 13.5±4.5m㏉, 주변부는 29.2±10.2m㏉이었다. 주변부가 중앙부에 비해 2.16배 증가되어 나타났다. head phantom을 이용한 경우 CTDI<SUB>W</SUB><SUB></SUB>는 평균 44.8±16.8m㏉, CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s는 평균 18.8±5.3m㏉, body phantom을 이용한 경우 CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>는 평균 24.0±8.3m㏉이고, CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s는 평균 10.1±2.5m㏉이었다.<BR>  위에서 알 수 있듯 MDCT의 CT number와 노이즈, 균일도, 공간분해능, 대조도 분해능과 CTDI와 CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>, CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s는 전체 장치에서 모두 우수하게 나타났다.   The Purpose of this study is to suggest the basic data for making good quality image and maintaining equipment homeostasis by accepting image quality evaluation and radiation dose evaluation in Multi- detector CT. In this study we surveyed 14 CT equipments in Seoul. The results obtained were as follows; CT number was 0.56±0.70HU. Noise was 0.39±0.09HU.<BR>  Uniformity was 1.08±0.52HU. High contrast resolution was 0.48±0.05㎜ and low contrast resolution was 3.65±1.16㎜. For CTDI, the central part and the peripheral part of head phantom were 43.2±15.4m㏉ and 45.6±17.5m㏉, respectively. For body phantom, the central part and the peripheral part of head phantom were 13.5±4.5 and 29.2±10.2m㏉, respectively.<BR>  CTDI<SUB>W</SUB> was 44.8±16.8m㏉ and CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s was 18.8±5.3m㏉ using head phantom. CTDI<SUB>W</SUB> was 24.0±8.3m㏉ and CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s was 10.1±2.5m㏉ using body phantom.<BR>  The refore, CT number, noise, high contrast resolution, low contrast resolution, CTDI, CTDI<SUB>W</SUB> and CTDI<SUB>W</SUB>/100㎃s of MDCT were showed excellently in all equipments.