간섭식 적외선 분광기에 의한 태백지역 석탄광의 호흡성 분진 중 석영, 운모 및 장석의 정량분석

최호춘,천용희,김해정,이정주,Choi, Ho-Chun,Cheon, Yong-Hee,Kim, Hae-Jeong,Lee, Jeong-Joo 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.2

A Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of quartz, mica(sericite) and feldspar(potassium feldspar) in respirable dust in Taebaek area. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of minerals were determined from the intensity of absorption peak of quartz at $799cm^{-1}$, sericite at $539cm^{-1}$, and potassium feldspar at $648cm^{-1}$ respectively. 2) The precision(C. V. %) for the quartz determination was $7.70{\pm}2.68%$ from 10 to $200{\mu}g$ of quartz. 3) The precision for the sericite determination was $16.34{\pm}6.82%$ from 30 to $500{\mu}g$ of serictite. 4) The precision for the potassium feldspar determination was $5.28{\pm}1.74%$ from 30 to $500{\mu}g$ of potassium feldspar. 5) The concentration of respirable dust in Taebaek area was $4.90{\pm}3.29mg/m^3$ (0.4-93.7%), percent quartz was $1.80{\pm}4.14%$ (0.01-20.56%), percent sericite was $11.37{\pm}6.43%$ (0.00-29.69%), percent potassium feldspar was 8.15% (n=7, 3.41-19.70%). 6) The difference of respirable coal dust, quartz, and sericite concentrations in drilling, coal cutting, hauling and seperating was significant respectively (p<0.05).

태백 및 강릉지역 석탄광의 호흡성 분진과 석영농도에 관한 조사

최호춘,천용희,윤영노,김해정,Choi, Ho-Chun,Cheon, Yong-Hee,Yoon, Young-No,Kim, Hae-Jeong 대한예방의학회 1987 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.20 No.2

In order to investigate working conditions of underground coal mines, this work was undertaken to evaluate the respirable dust and the concentration of quartz in Taeback and Kangneung areas. The concentration of quartz was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of respirable dust of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $2.00{\pm}1.56$ Taeback Coal Face: $3.74{\pm}3.14$ Kangneung Drilling: $4.55{\pm}4.51$ Kangneung Coal Face: $5.77{\pm}4.53$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $1.34{\pm}2.81$ Taeback Coal Face : $2.55{\pm}2.61$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.44{\pm}3.63$ Kangneung Coal Face: $4.24{\pm}2.37$ 2) Distribution of respirable dust was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.37{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.47(2.34{\pm}2.95)mg/m^3$. 3) The difference of respirable dust concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant statistically (p>0.05). 4) The concentration of quartz of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $6.18{\pm}5.52$ Taeback Coal Face: $1.89{\pm}1.54$ Kangneung Drilling: $3.54{\pm}2.12$ Kangneung Coal Face: $2.05{\pm}3.37$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $4.24{\pm}2.59$ Coal Face: $1.39{\pm}2.22$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.55{\pm}3.08$ Kangneung Coal Face : $1.24{\pm}2.33$ 5) Distribution of quartz concentrations was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.33{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.45(2.14{\pm}2.82)%$. 6) The difference of quartz concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant (p>0.05), but significant at drilling sites and coal faces (p<0.05).

탄광부 진폐증자의 혈액 중 납, 철 및 아연 농도

최호춘,정호근,김해정,Choi, Ho-Chun,Chung, Ho-Keun,Kim, Hae-Jeong 대한예방의학회 1989 예방의학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in whole blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a simple one-step dilution procedure, which were measured in 3 groups, 98 officers unexposed to dust or to metal, 58 coal miners without pneumoconiosis, and 113 coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. The results were as follows : 1. The precisions (C. V.%) of lead, iron, and zinc in blood were $12.65{\pm}6.95%,\;1.47{\pm}1.25%\;and\;6.35{\pm}3.34%$, respectively. 2. Lead and zinc in blood showed the log-normal distribution unlike iron in blood which showed normal distribution. 3. Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood of 3 groups were follows : There was significant difference of concentration for zinc in blood by groups statistically. 4. The difference of lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood was not significant (p>0.05) by profusion on chest radiographs.

불꽃원자 흡수광법에 의한요중 카드뮴 배설량 측정의 지적조건

최호춘,정규철,Choi, Ho-Chun,Chung, Kyou-Chull 대한예방의학회 1984 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.17 No.1

The optimum conditions for measuring cadmium content of less than 0.2ppm by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were investigated. The cadmium in urine was extracted by APDC-MIBK for the analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after ashing them by a wet method. 1. Optimum conditions by APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions. The acidic aqueous solution was prepared with appropriate amount of 0.IN nitric acid, 5ml of 25% (W/V) sodium potasstum tartarate, 10ml of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 2ml of 2% APDC(or 1 ml of 5% DDTC) chelating agent. The total volume of solution was adjusted to 55 ml and pH to $2{\sim}10$ (or$7{\sim}10$). The aqueous solution was extracted with 10ml MIBK. Concentration of Triton X-100 did not effect the absorbance for APDC-MIBK extraction of cadmium, but absorbance decreased as the concentration increased for DDTC-MIBK extraction. The sensitivity and detection limits for the cadmium determination from APDC-MIBK extraction were 0.0038ppm and 0.0102, 0.0022ppm and 0.0116 for DDTC-MIBK, and 0.0132ppm and 0.0034 for 0.1N nitric acid. APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions were 3 times higher than 0.1N nitric acid for the sensitivity. 2. Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine by APDC-MIBK extraction. Determination of cadmium in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of A.A. (Cd=2 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4mA, $D_2=20mA$) mode showed some difference (p<0.05). The difference of cadmium determination and recovery according to method of standard additions and standard calibration curve method in urine was not significant (p>0.05, $93.48{\pm}11.78%,\;94.83{\pm}22.00%$). Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine collection from normal person and variance analysis within measurement variation was not significant (p>0.05), but between interindividual was significant (0.05). Determination of cadmium content by two different methods of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone colorimetry showed that the results from the two methods can be described by a regression line with a good correlation (y=1.0153x-0.2927, x=Cd by D.C., y=Cd by A.A.S., $r=0.8651^*$, p<0.01).

국내 무기안료 제조 및 취급 공정에서의 공기 중 크롬산연 노출 평가

최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ),안선희 ( Sun Hee An ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ),김화성 ( Hwa Sung Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Lead chromate is made by sodium dichromate and lead acetate, and has being used widely in the part of pigment, paints, inks, plastics and so on. Even though lead chromate has health hazards which like both lead and chromium, there are a few study about pigment workplaces using lead chromate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate workers` exposure levels and airborne lead and chromium concentration in the pigment workplaces using lead chromate. There are 20 workers in the total 5 workplaces. 10 workers(50%) have been exposed to lead and 3 workers(15%) have been exposed to chromium, which exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (Pb: 0.05 mg/m3, Cr: 0.012 mg/m3) and Korean Ministry of Labor`s Standard. Geometric mean (GM) of airborne lead was highest in pigment (0.0421 mg/m3), paint (0.0020 mg/m3) and PVC coloring (0.0007 mg/m3), respectively(p<0.05). The result of airborne chromium concentration was pigment (0.0033 mg/m3), paint (0.0004 mg/m3) and PVC coloring (0.0003 mg/m3). Also the lead and chromium concentration in the manual process is each 30 times and 10 times higher than the value in automatic process(p<0.01). In the classified process by detail, the concentration of airborne lead was 0.0638 mg/m3 in grinding & packaging, mixture & after-measuring (0.0436 mg/m3), filtration & drying (0.0402 mg/m3), lead nitrate & dissolution(0.0129 mg/m3), pigment commitment & mixture (0.0013 mg/m3) and dispersion & grinding (0.0010 mg/m3) (p<0.05). Moreover the concentration of a sample in weighting & packaging was 0.0023 mg/m3. The concentration of lead in workers` blood was pigment (15.12 ug/dl), paint (4.74 ug/dl) and PVC coloring (2.50 ug/dl), and some samples have exceeded biological exposure limit. In conclusion, the depending on their work industry and process, workers have been exposed to the high lead chromate.

국내 석면 고형시료 중 석면의 종류 및 함유량에 관한 연구

최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ),안선희 ( Sun Hee Ahn ),홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ),전봉환 ( Bong Hwan Jeon ),이용필 ( Young Pil Lee ),박정일 ( Chung Yill Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: According to the compliance of the asbestos-related regulation, every building has to be inspected for asbestos presence before its abatement work. This study was performed for identifying the types and contents of asbestos in building bulk samples. Materials and Methods Materials and Methods: Bulk samples were collected during the asbestos inspection in 2010. We grouped the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing materials(RACM), presumed asbestos containing materials(PACM), and construction products. Additionally, the types of asbestos in all bulk samples were identified by polarization microscopy(PLM). Results: The RACMs were from building, house, pipe and facility. The RACMs were found mainly building (72.1%) and house (93.7%). The contents of chrysotile in building, house and facility were 66.9% (1-90%), 89.7% (2-90%) and 11.0% (2-90%), respectively. PACMs were surfacing material, thermal system insulation (TSI), and miscellaneous material. The miscellaneous materials that showed a high detection rate (79.2%) were ceiling, roofing and wall materials. Among them, the roofing materials had high chrysotile content(9.7%, 2-21%), followed by wall (8.7%, 2-21%) and ceiling (3.4%, 1-17%). In the construction products, asbestos was found mainly in slate (92.6%, 2-21%), including chrysotile. The slate had high asbestos content (9.7%, 2-21%), followed by cement flat board (8.7%, 2-19%) and textile (3.4%, 1-17%) Conclusions: Utilizing these results, it would be contributed to construct a useful ACM database and prevent from asbestos exposure to workers in the asbestos abatement and maintenance works..

생체내 혈중 납 표준물질의 제조

정규철,최호춘,Chung, Kyou-Chull,Choi, Ho-Chun 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This report describes a preperation and characterization of canine blood lead(Pb) standard reference material(SRM). Three adult beagle dogs(A, B, and C)were orally dosed with gelatin capsules containing $Pb(NO_3)_2$, equivalent to $10\sim80mg$ Pb/kg body weight. Blood was drawn 24 hours after the dose from the cephalic vein into lead free 500ml Pyrex beaker in which EDTA.K was contained as an anticoagulant. The amount of lead given to individual dog was varied arbitrarily. Three month later, 3 canine animals were orally dosed with lead secondarily to make mixed SRM(D1) which was mixed different concentrations of lead in bloods with A1, B1, and C1 in vitro. The SRMs for A, B, C, A1, B1, C1, and D1 were distributed 2ml each into more than 300 lead free bottles, and were stored in refregerator at $4^{\circ}C$. The amount of lead in canine whole blood samples were determined using a Varian 30A atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS) with a model GTA-96 graphite tube atomizer with D2 background correction and a Hitachi Z-8100 AAS with Zeeman background correction. The sensitivity and detection limits for lead determination of Varian 30A were $0.46{\mu}g/L,\;0.34{\mu}g/L,\;and\;0.56{\mu}g/L,\;0.14{\mu}g/L$ of Hitachi Z-8100, respectively. Day to day variations in determination of blood lead concentration in a certain sample were $31.11{\pm}1.36{\mu}g/100ml$ by Varian 30A, and $33.08{\pm}0.82{\mu}g/100ml$ by Hitachi Z-8100, showing the difference of 3% between the two results. At the blood lead concentrations of $56.31{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/100ml(A),\;40.89{\pm}0.80{\mu}g/100ml(B),\;59.01{\pm}1.38{\mu}g/100ml(C)$, the precisions of replicated measurements by AAS were 3.52%, 1.96%, and 2.34%, respectively. Coefficient variation(CV) of SRMs(A, B, and C) within a standard sample were ranged from 0.92% to 7.50%, and those between 5 standard samples were 1.21%, 2.64%, and 1.11%, respectively, showing inter-vial variation of $1{\mu}g/100ml$. Lead levels in SRMs during one month storage were unchanged. The overall recoveries were $89.6\sim100.4%,\;91.6\sim101.9%,\;90.3\sim100.0%$ for A, B, and C SRMs, means were $56.46{\pm}2.69{\mu}g/100ml,\;39.35{\pm}1.89{\mu}g/100ml,\;57.40{\pm}2.31{\mu}g/100ml$, and measurement ranges were$52.88{\pm}59.26{\mu}g/100ml,\;37.47{\pm}41.68{\mu}g/100ml,\;54.80{\pm}60.69{\mu}g/100ml$, respectively. Those results were laid within confidence limits values. The lead concentrations in the mixed sample(D1) stored over one month period were ranged from $32.76{\mu}g/100ml\;to\;33.54{\mu}g/100ml$, with CV ranging from 1.2% to 2.7%. The results were similiar to each of single samples(A1, B1, and C1) in respect of homogeneity and stability. Results of the mixed blood sample analysed after 1 month storage at $4^{\circ}C$ by four other laboratories(L1, L2, L3, L4) were similar with those of our laboratory($L5;31.18{\pm}0.24{\mu}g/100ml$, acceptable range by $CDC;25.18\sim37.18{\mu}g/100ml$), showing the concentrations of $25.91{\pm}1.19{\mu}g/100ml(L1),\;34.16{\pm}0.22{\mu}g/100ml(L2),\;35.68{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/100ml(L3),\;30.95{\pm}0.46{\mu}g/100ml(L4)$ in a each samples.

Digital 분진계와 개인용 분진 포집기의 측정값의 관계

윤영노,이정주,정호근,최호춘,Yoon, Young-No,Lee, Jeong-Joo,Chung, Ho-Keun,Choi, Ho-Chun 대한예방의학회 1987 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.20 No.2

The digital dust indicator (Sibata P-5), one of the direct·reading instruments was evaluated for the respirable dust in the underground coal mine environments. As a reference, respirable dust was determined using three cyclones and/or impactors. All the tests were performed on aerosol in twenty underground coal mines. The coefficients of mass-relative concentration were $0.067{\pm}0.054$ (Mean$\pm$Standard deviation) (range: 0.006-0.172). The relationship between relative concentration and temperature was not significant statistically. Also, the relationship of relative concentration and relative humidity was not significant. Mass concentration and relative concentration were $5.31{\pm}5.22mg/m^3$ and $162{\pm}163$ CPM ($Mean{\pm}Standard$ deviation) respectively. The range of mass concentration was $1.22-22.69mg/m^3$; relative concentration 16-628 CPM. The relationship of mass concentration and relative concentration was not significant in these ranges.

활성탄관에 포집된 1 , 3 - 부티디엔의 탈착효율 개선에 관한 연구

김강윤(Kang Yoon Kim),최호춘(Ho Chun Choi),정규철(Kyou Chull Chung) 한국산업보건학회 2002 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.12 No.1

작업장에서 발생되는 케톤류 유기화합물의 탈착효율 및 저장안정성

김강윤 ( Kang Yoon Kim ),최성필 ( Sung Pil Choi ),하철주 ( Chul Joo Ha ),최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study was performed to compare with desorption efficiency and storage stability of CSC and CMS tubes for Ketones in workplace air. 1. The best desorbing solution for CSC tube was 1% or 3% dimethylformamide(DMF) in carbon disulfide(CS2). The desorption efficiencies were 96.40% for cyclohexanone, 94.86% for acetone, 96.96% for methyl ethyl ketone(MEK), 103.44% for methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK), 100.17% for methyl amyl ketone(MAK), 100.43% for methyl butyl ketone(MBK), 97.01% for toluene and 99.33% for trichloroethylene(TCE). 2. The best desorbing solution for CMS tube was 1% or 3% DMF in CS2. The desorption efficiencies were 96.42% for cyclohexanone, 98.53% for acetone, 99.67% for MEK, 105.48% for MIBK, 100.13% for MAK, 100.13% for MBK, 95.42% for toluene and 98.15% for TCE. 3. In the storage condition at room temperature(20℃), the recovery rates of cyclohexanone and MEK on CSC tube were rapidly decreased 30.9% and 50.9% after 4 weeks, respectively. The recovery rates of all of 6 ketones and 2 non-polar solvents were shown over 80% after 1 week in the storage condition of refrigerate temperature(-4℃), and were kept over 80% after 4 weeks in the storage condition of freezer temperature(-20℃). 4. The recovery rates of cyclohexanone on CMS tube were 80.6% for 1 week after and 60.5% for 4 weeks after at room temperature(20℃). The recovery rates of cyclohexanone were shown 80.6% for 1 week after and 60.5% for 4 weeks after at -4℃, and of 6 ketones and 2 non-polar solvents were kept stable over 85% at -4℃ and over 97% at -20℃ for 4 weeks after. In conclusion, the best desorbing solution was 1% or 3% DMF in CS2 and more appropriate sorbent tube for ketones and non-polar solvents was CMS than CSC. We recommend CSC tube would be useful if the samples analyzed within 1 week because CMS tubes are more expensive than CSC tubes. However, if the storage time is needed more than 3 weeks, CMS tubes should be suitable and the storage condition should be below -20℃.