한국부인의 임신.분만 및 신생아에 대한 통계적 연구

최중명,Choi, Joong-Myung 대한예방의학회 1984 예방의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

1982년 1월 1일부터 동년 12월 31일까지 만 1년간 경희대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 입윈한 산모 1,930명과 신생아실에 입원된 신생아 1,961명을 대상으로 임상 통계적 관찰을 시행하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 산모의 연령은 $25{\sim}29$세군이 51.30%로 제일 높은 분포를 보였으며, $20{\sim}29$세 사이가 전체의 82.4%를 보였다. 2) 산과력에 의한 산모의 분포에서 분만 및 유산의 경험이 전혀 없는 군이 45.5%로 제일 높았다. 3) 산모의 유산경험에서는 전체 산모의 36.1%에서 경험이 있으며, 평균 유산횟수는 1.8회였다. 4) 분만형에는 자연분만이 58.1%로 제일 높았으며, 다음이 흡인분만으로 22.4%, 제왕절개술이 18.81%의 순이었다. 5) 재태기간의 분포는 미숙아가 7.1%, 만삭아가 87.2%, 과숙아가 5.7%를 보였다. 6) 남아 대 여아의 출생비는 1.03:1이었다. 7) 출생시 체중별 분포에서는 저체중아가 9.0%, 정상체중아가 85.5%, 과체중아가 5.5%를 보였다. 8) 신생아의 평균 신체 계측치는 체중이 남아가 3.28k 여아가 3.18kg였으며, 신장은 남아가 50.40cm, 여아가 49.77cm였고, 흉위는 남아가 32.54cm, 여아가 32.17cm, 그리고 두위는 남아가 33.49cm, 여아가 33.11cm로 계측되었다. 9) 1분 Apgar평점은 남아가 평균 7.70, 여아가 7.63을 나타냈다. 10) 신생아 황달은 전체 신생아의 50.0%에서 볼 수 있었고, 성별에 대한 차이는 볼 수 없었으나 미숙아군이 만삭아나 과숙아군보다 조금 높았다. 11) 신생아 질환의 발생율은 8.9%였으며, 역시 미숙아군에서 높게 발병되었고, 질병별로는 신생아 감염이 35.6%로 제일 높았다. 12) 쌍태아의 비율은 전체 신생아 중 3.1%를 차지하였으며, 단태아에 대한 비는 64.3출산 중 1예였다. 쌍태아의 남여비는 1:1.03이었다. 13) 선천성 기형의 발생 빈도는 2.4%였으며, 성 별 발생빈도는 3.18 : 1이었다. 선천성 기형을 기관별로 보면, 소화기계의 기형이 30.9%로 제일 높았으며, 다음이 비뇨생식기계로 25.9%였다. 14) 신생아 사망율은 11.73이었으며, 출생시 체중별 신생아 사망은 저체중아군이 전체 사망의 78.3%를 차지하였고, 재태기간별로 보면 역시 미숙아군에서 78.3%를 차지하였다. 사인별로 보면 비정상폐환기로 인한 사망이 39.1%로 제일 높았으며, 다음이 미숙아로 30.4%, 그리고 선천성 기형의 13.0%순이었다. Clinical and statistical observations were performed on 1,930 cases of pregnant women who were admitted for delivery in the Department of Obstetrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital during 1 year (1982) and on 1,961 cases of neonates who were born to the former. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Concerning maternal age distribution, the commonest age group was that of $25{\sim}29$ and the proportion of the age group $20{\sim}29$ was 82.4% of all. 2. Concerning obstetrical history, the proportion of the women who had no prior experience of delivery nor abortion was the highest, 45.5%. 3. Concerning abortion history, 36.1% of the women had experienced it and the mean number was 1.8. 4. Type of delivery was as follows: Spontaneous delivery; 58.1%, Vacuum extracted delivery; 22.4%, Cesarean section; 18:8%, Breech delivery; 0.7%. 5. Gestational period distribution of the neonates was as follows: Under 37 weeks (Preterm); 7.1%, Between 38 and 42 weeks (Term); 87.2%, More than 43 weeks (Postterm); 5.7%. 6. Sex ratio of male to female of the neonates was 1.03:1. 7. Birth weight distribution was as follows: Under 2,500gm.; 9.0%, Between 2,501 and 4,000 gm.; 85.5%, More than 4,001gm.; 5.5%. 8. The measured growth data of neonates were as follows: Body weight; 3.28kg. for male, 3.18kg. for female, Body height; 50.40cm for male, 49.77cm for female, Chest circumference; 32.54cm for male. 32.17cm for female, Head circumference; 33.49cm for male, 33.11cm for female. 9. The mean values of Apgar score per 1 minute were 7.70 for male and 7.63 for female. 10. The incidence rate of neonatal jaundice was 50.0% and no difference in sex respectively, but more prevalent in preform baby. 11. The incidence rate of neonatal diseases was 8.9% and the commonest disease was neonatal infection (35.6%). 12. Concerning multiple pregnancy, ratio to single births was 1 : 64.3 and the sex ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.03. 13. The incidence rate of congenital anomaly was 2.4% and the commonest anomaly was digestive system anomaly (30.9%). 14. The neonatal mortality rate was 11.73 per 1,000 neonates, and the majority of neonatal deaths were in low birth weight and preform neonates (78.3%). 15. The causes of neonatal deaths in decreasing order of frequency were abnormal ventilation (39.1%), prematurity (30.4%), congenital anomaly (13.0%) and etc.

일부 대학 학생들의 보건소 이용에 관한 인식과 태도

최중명 ( Joong Myung Choi ),최봉근 ( Bong Keun Choe ),윤태영 ( Tai Young Yoon ),박순영 ( Soon Young Park ) 한국보건정보통계학회 (구 한국보건통계학회) 2004 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.29 No.1

일부 의과대학생들의 비만도 및 생활태도에 관한 조사 연구

안동기,최중명,윤태영,유동준,박순영,Ahn, Dong-Kee,Choi, Joong-Myung,Yoon, Tai-Young,Lew, Dong-Joon,Park, Soon-Young 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the associations between lifestyles and Body Mass Index in a group of 349 male and 65 female medical students, ages 17 to 31 years. 20.0% of male students and 3.1% of female students showed the over weight in the classification of obesity by Japan Society for Study of Obesity. There was no statistically significance in the comparison of the height, body weight, body mass index, obesity index and body fat(%) according to grade in both sexes. But male students showed increasing tendency of waist-hip ratio with grade. According to obesity category, there was significant difference in the comparison of body weight, body mass index, obesity index, waist-hip ratio and body fat(%), but height. Body mass index was positively related with waist-hip ratio(r=0.6150, p=0.0001) and fat(%)(r=0.5101, p=0.0001) in males and waist-hip ratio (r=0.4734, p=0.001) and fat(%)(r=0.4522, p=0.002) in females. This study provides an opportunity to further examine the relationship of sociddemographic factors and health behaviors to obesity, and suggest the basic concept to match the obesity study to general epidemiological cohort studies for controlling of chronic adult diseases.

일부 지역 주민에서 고혈압이환과 비만지표와의 관련성

손락성,윤태영,최중명,박순영,유동준,최봉근,Son, Lack-Seong,Yoon, Tai-Young,Choi, Joong-Myung,Park, Soon-Young,Lew, Dong-Joon,Choe, Bong-Keun 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Objective: To examine the relationship between hypertension prevalence and the four commonest anthropometric measurements for obesity(body mass index(BMI), wasit-hip ratio(WHR), waist circumference(WC) and body fat in Korean adults. Methods: We studied the cross-sectional association of the anthropometric indices and blood pressure in 1,197 individuals(who were participants in the population-based cohort study). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure $\geq160/95\;mmHg$ or current use of antihypertensive medication. Informations on life-style factors were obtained from personal interview. Results: There were close associations between BMI, WHR and WC with blood pressure in both men and women. After age adjustment, BMI and WC showed significantly positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in both men and women. Odds ratio(ORs) of being hypertensive were estimated comparing the highest to the lowest quantile, adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol intake levels, education attainment. The simultaneously adjusted ORs of being hypertensive, comparing the highest vs the lowest categories, was for BMI 2.0(95% confidence interval(CI)=0.9-3.2) in men and 3.2 (95% CI=1.7-6.1) in women, for WC 2.1(95% CI=1.0-4.4) in men and 3.1 (95% CI=1.6-5.9) in women, for fat(%) 4.2(95% CI=1.9-9.5) in men and 2.1(95% CI=1.2-3.6) in women. Conclusion: In addition to measures of overall obesity(BMI) as well as central obesity(WHR, WC), body fat(%) was independently associated with prevalence of hypertension. Among obesity indices, body fat was the most predictor variable in hypertensive state in male and BMI was in female.

Statistical Comparison and Chronological Change of the Physical Growth and Development of Korean

Soon Young Park(朴淳永),Joong Myung Choi(崔重明),Tai Yung Yoon(尹太永) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1994 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.11 No.2

우리나라 청소년의 신체활동과 사회경제적 변수와의 관련성

오인환,이고은,오창모,최경식,최봉근,최중명,윤태영,Oh, In-Hwan,Lee, Go-Eun,Oh, Chang-Mo,Choi, Kyung-Sik,Choe, Bong-Keun,Choi, Joong-Myung,Yoon, Tai-Young 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : The physical activity of Korean adolescents and its distribution based on social characteristics have not yet been fully assessed. This study intends to reveal the distribution of physical activity by its subgroups and offer possible explanatory variables. Methods : The 3rd Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed for this study. The appropriateness of physical activity was defined by Korea s Health Plan 2010 and physical inactivity was assessed independently. Family affluence scale, parents education levels, subjective economic status, grade, and school location were considered explanatory variables. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS ver. 9.1. Results : The proportion of participants engaging in vigorous physical activity was high in males (41.6%), at a low grade (38.5%), within the high family affluence scale group (35.5%). The distribution of participants engaging in moderate physical activity showed similar patterns, but the overall proportion was lower (9.8%). Low family affluence and students with lower subjective economic status reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity. In multiple logistic regression analysis for physical activity, significant factors included family affluence scale (p<0.05). For physical inactivity, family affluence scale, parents education levels, and subjective economic status were included as significant factors (p<0.05). Conclusions : The results suggest that the physical activity and inactivity of adolescents may be affected by socioeconomic variables, such as family affluence scale. This implies the need to take proper measures to address these socio-economic inequalities.

최근 20년간 우리 나라 주요사인의 추이

김득조(Duk-Jo Kim),최봉근(Bong-Keun Choi),윤태영(Tai-Young Yoon),최중명(Joong-Myung Choi),박순영(Soon-Young Park),유동준(Dong-Joon Lew) 대한임상노인의학회 2000 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.1 No.1

연구목적 : 최근에 이르러 우리 나라의 주요 사망원인은 전염성질환에서 비전염성의 만성퇴행성질환으로 현저히 변화되었다. 이제 저자들은 최근의 주요 사인의 변화양상과 그 추이를 검토하고저 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방법 : 그간 경제기획원, 통계정 및 기타 관련 정부 부서로부터 1977년이래 발표된 과거 20년간의 주요사인에 관한 통계자료를 수집, 연도별로 분석, 검토하여 최근 우리 나라에서 주요 사인의 변천양상과 그 추이를 고찰하였다. 결과 : 1970년대 후반 내지 1980년대 초반에서 주요사인이 전염성질환에서 비전염성의 만성퇴행성 질환으로 현저하게 역전되었는데, 특히 순환기계 질환과 악성 신생물이 수위권으로 괄목하게 부상하였다. 또한 1980년 중분이래 사망의 외인(불의의 사고)에 의한 사망이 점차 증가하여, 이제는 순환기계질환, 악성신생물(암) 그리고 사고(사망의 외인)은 三大주요사인이 되어 1996년도 현재 이 3대 사인이 전체사인의 약 61%를 차지하였다. 결론 : 주요사인의 추이를 보면, 과거에 위세를 떨치던 전염성질환(결핵포함)은 급격히 감소되었고, 비전염성의 만성퇴행성 질환인 소위 "성인병"인 순환기계질환과 암 그리고 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 등은 아직도 그 사망수준은 높은 실정이다. 또 각종 사고로 인한 사망률은 매년 꾸준히 증가하여 제 3위 사인으로 전체 사망의 약 15%를 차지하고 있다. Background : Recently the leading causes of death were remarkably changed from the communicable to the non-communicable chronic degenerative diseases. We tried to confirm the changing pattern and the transition of the recent leading causes of death in Korea. Methods : We have made an attempt to examine the changing pattern and the transition of the leading causes of death in our country recently since 1977 by analytically reviewing the annual statistical data on the causes of death for the latest two decades reported mainly from the Economic Planing Board, National Statistical Office and other informative materials. Results : After the inverting period of the late 1970s and 1980s changing remarkably from the communicable to the non-communicable disease, the leading causes of death were changed to the chronic degenerative diseases such as circulatory disease and malignant neoplasms recently. With the particularly increasing deaths due to the unintentional accidents since the mid-1980s, circulatory disease, malignant neoplasms and accidents became the three major causes of death, and accounted for about 61 percent of the total deaths in 1996. Conclusion : In reviewing the changing pattern, the transition of the leading causes of death, communicable diseases formidably prevailed for the past decades were rapidly decreased recently, and chronic degenerative disease, so-called, "Chronic Illness" such as circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are in tendency of continuous increase year by year.

韓國人의 體格과 體構成에 관한 硏究

이종훈(Jong-Hoon Lee),김경태(Hyung-Tae Kim),윤태영(Tai-Young Yoon),최중명(Joong-Myung Choi),박순영(Soon-Young Park),류동준(Dong-Joon Lew) 대한임상노인의학회 2001 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.2 No.4

In order to study of the current physical growth and development of Korean youths, we surveyed body types and measured percent body fat (% BF) by BIA(Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method among 13,377 Korean sample youngsters (6,825 males and 6,552 females) randomly around the nation from the age of 6 to 24. Several results from this survey showed: first, the specific physical growth and development and various physique types among the samples from the age of 6 to 19; second, the standard body weight, in relati6on to the body height, of Korean male and female young people from the age of 20 to 24; third, the body fat amount measured by BIA and anthropometric method; fourth, comparison of the body fat and the physique index measured by BIA; and fifth, the obesity rate measured by BMI (Body Mass Index), and the obesity rate of Korean youngsters with the body fat amount measured by BIA. Here is the final comparison of this study with other former studies on the body height and weight of Korean varied from the ages.

Brassiere내의 크롬 분석

유한동(Han Dong Yoo),이무형(Mu Hyoung Lee),최중명(Joong Myung Choi),허충림(Choong Rim Haw) 대한피부과학회 1994 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

Background : Chrome has been known to be a toxic and poten sensitizer and is contained in materials with which we are in frequent contact. But we have few reports detailing chrome contact dermatitis by clothes or the chrome content of materials in out use. Objectivee : Our purpose was to evaluate the chrome content in rassieres. Methode : We analyzed chrome in brassieres by using atomied absorption spectrophotometer, quantitatively and diphenylcarbazide method, qualitatively. Results : The content of chrome in a 24 hour saline extracted g roup, a 48 hour saline extracted group and a pure nitric acid extracted group in the black was more abundant than in the reds or in the whites. But there was no aignificant difference in the different fabrics of the blacks. Conclusion : Although, in reality, it is hard to change chrome to an other substrate as the mordant of dyes, a limitation needed to prevent diseases induced by chrome during the process of dyeing. If someone has a sensitivity to chrome, it is necessary to wash new clothes before waring and to avoid black colored underwear. (Kor J Oermatol 19S4; 32(4)': 620-625)

K의대 졸업생을 대상으로 한 의과대학 교육과정 평가

이상이(Sang Yi Lee),문옥륜(Ok Ryun Moon),최중명(Joong Myung Choi) 한국의학교육학회 1997 Korean journal of medical education Vol.9 No.2

1. 본 연구는 현재 임상의료에 종사하고 있는 K의과대학 졸업생들이 과거 그들이 받은 의학교육을 돌이켜 보면서 그들이 의과대학 교육과정에서 습득한 의학지식과 기술 그리고 의료인으로서의 태도 및 소양을 현재의 임상적 필요를 기준으로 평가하도록 한 것이다. 최근 7년 동안 K의과대학을 졸업한 졸업생 중 소재가 확인된 임상의료 종사자 302명을 대상으로 우편설문을 보낸 결과 204명이 응답을 보내와 67.5%의 응답률을 보였다. 설문지는 연구대상자들이 의과대학 교육과정을 이수함으로써 습득한 것으로 평가하고 있는 지식, 기술, 태도 및 소양의 정도를 조사하도록 짜여져 있다. 2.지식교육-K의대 졸업생들이 이수했던 기초의학교과목 수업시간의 적절성에 대한 졸업생들의 견해를 보면, 응답자의 67.6%는 해부학이 과다하게 교육되었다고 평가했으며, 단지 1%만이 과소했다는 평가를 내렸다. 생화학과 병리학도 과다했다는 견해가 각각 26^, 34.8%로 많았다. 반면에 생리학과 생정통계 교육은 과소하게 다루어 졌다는 평가가 각각 59.3%와 47.3%로 많았다. 임상의학 교과목에 대한 응답자들의 견해를 보면 기초의학 교과목에 대한 응답자들의 견해를 보면 기초의학 교과목들에 비해 대체적으로 지식전달을 위한 교육시간이 적절하게 배정된 것으로 나타났다. 특히 중핵과목인 내과, 외과, 소아과, 산부인과의 경우 70% 이상의 응답자들이 적절했다고 평가했다. 예방의학의 경우, 적절했다는 의견이 응답자의 절반정도이면서 과소했다는 의견과 과다했다는 의견이 비슷하게 분포하는 양상을 보여주고 있다. 의료행정 및 법규는 과소했다는 의견이 39.4%로 다른 과목에 비해 상당히 높아 이 분야에 대한 교욱이 강화될 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다. 특히 일차 및 지역사회의학의 경우 66.3%의 응답자가 수업이 과소했다는 견해를 보여 이 교과목에 대한 필요가 매우 높음을 보여주고 있다. 3. 기술교육-전체적으로 볼 때 충분히 습득했따는 응답은 5.5%에 불과하고, 부분적 습득과 거의 습득 못함이 각각 약 47% 수준으로 비슷하게 나타났다. 기술교육에 대한 응답자들의 만족도가 전반적으로 낮음을 알 수 있다. 5개 기술영역범주 중 특히 관리기술범주와 정보활용기술범주를 거의 습득하지 못했다는 응답이 각각 60.2%와 62.7%로 나타나서 이들 분야에 대한 의학교육이 제대로 이루어지지 않았음을 보여주고 있다. 4. 태도 및 소양교육- 응답자들의 태도 및 소양 습득정도는 충분히 습득했다는 응답이 11.6%, 부분적으로 습득했다는 응답이 65.3%로 나와서 전체적으로 습득정도가 상대적으로 높은 항목은 자신의 강점과 한계점을 인식하는 능력, 남의 말에 귀를 기울이는 능력, 동료들과의 공동작업능력, 인내심 등이었던 반면, 습득정도가 낮았던 항목은 지도력, 동기부여능력 등이었다. 5. 이러한 연구를 통해 기존의 교육과정이 변화할 필요가 있음을 조명해 내고, 또 어느 부분에서 변화가 일어나야 하는지를 지적해 줌으로써 교육계획 관계자들이 새로운 교육과정을 고민하고 계획하는 데 도움을 주는 것은 매우 중요하다. 무엇보다도 이런 종류의 연구가 주기적으로 이루어질 수 있고, 연구 방법상의 오류를 최대한 줄일 수 있도록 하는 의과대학의 세심한 배려가 절실하다 하겠다. Most of the medical schools are confronted with various changes to medical curricula in Korea. Some of them already established a steering group to plan a new curriculum. The study s target is the graduates who had undertaken their 6 year-medical course of Medical School at K University. The purpose of the study is to ascertain how well the medical course they had undertaken had equipped them for practice. The questionnaire explored the level of factual content, the adequacy of their skills training, and the development of attitudes and personal attributes during the course. A total of 204 graduates replied, a response rate of 67.5%. The results can be summarized as follows. The graduates views on the preclinical course they had undertaken at school of medicine show that they felt there were too much anatomy, biochemistry, and pathology. Their views on the clinical course were shown relatively to be adequate level of factual content in comparison with preclinical course. The graduates views were also sought concerning the help they had received in acquiring certain skills during their education. Only in the area of History-taking and Physical examination did most feel that the skills had been well covered or partially covered . A part of the survey focused on the attitudes and personal attributes that it was hoped medical students would have acquired by the time they qualified. In most cases the respondents did feel that they had acquired the 15 items attributes listed, at least partially, by the time they had qualified.