고압하에서 DMF 용매내에서 피리딘과 염화벤질류의 반응에 대한 속도론적 연구

최기준,이영훈,경진범,김정림,Kee Joon Choi,Young Hoon Lee,Jin Burm Kyong,Jeong Rim Kim 대한화학회 1988 대한화학회지 Vol.32 No.4

염화벤질류와 피리딘사이의 반응을 DMF 용매내에서 반응시켜 반응온도를 $40^{\circ}$와 $50^{\circ}C$로 하고, 압력은 여러 압력으로 변화시켜 속도 상수를 구하였다. 이들 상수로 부터 활성화부피, 활성화압축율 계수, 활성화엔탈피, 활성화자유에너지를 구하였다. ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$의 값은 모두 음이며, ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$는 양의 값을 ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$는 큰 음의 값을 얻었다. 이러한 사실로 부터 치환체 및 압력에 따른 초기상태와 전이상태를 비교 검토하여 이 반응은 이분자 반응임을 추정할 수 있다. Rates of the reaction for p-nitrobenzyl chloride, benzyl chloride and p-methylbenzyl chloride with pyridine in DMF solvent have been measured by an electric conductivity method at $40^{\circ}\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ under various pressures. From those rate constants, the activation parameters ${\Delta}V^{\neq},\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq},\;{\Delta}G^{\neq}$) were evaluated. ${\Delta}V^{\neq}\;and\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$ are both negative valued, but ${\Delta}H^{\neq}$ is positive and ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$ is large negative value. From the evaluation of the initial state and transition state which was resulted from substituents and pressure, it was found that this reaction proceeds through bimolecular reaction.

Takayasu 동맥염의 임상적 고찰

최기준(Kee Joon Choi),조주희(Joo Hee Zo),한경일(Kyung Il Han),김영권(Young Kwon Kim),조명찬(Myeong Chan Cho),손대원(Dae Won Sohn),이명묵(Myoung Mook Lee),박영배(Young Bae Park),최윤식(Yun Shik Choi),서정돈(Jung Don Seo),이영우(Young 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.5

N/A To observe the clinical features of Takayasu's arteritis and evaluate the incidence and sites of coronary arterial involvement in Takayasu's arteritis, clinical observations were made in 99 patients who were diagnosed as Takayasu's arteritis by clinical features and aortographic findings in Seoul National University Hospital from August 1971 to July 1989 Coronary arteriographies were performed prospectively in 30 patients with Takayasu's arteritis since March 1987. The results were as follows: 1) In 99 cases of Takayasu's arteritis, 15 were male and 84 were female. The male to female ratio was 1:5.7, the mean age was 29.5, and 63% of those studied were under the age of 30. 2) The following were the presenting clinical symptoms and signs in decreasing order of frequency: headache(69%), weak or nonpalpable pulse(68%), carotid or abdominal bruit(55%), Dyspnea on exertion(51%), hypertention(48%), and dizziness(43%). 3) Aorta or arterial involvement in decreasing order of frequency: left subclavian artery(62%), abdominal aorta(58%), right subclavian artery(38%), descending thoracic aorta(37%) and left renal artery(35%). 4) Using Ueno's classification, 29(29%) were Type I, 22(22g) were Type II, and 48(48%) were Type III. Type IV or pulmonary arterial involvements were seen in 11(33%) out of 33 patients. 5) In a prospective study using coronary arteriography, 8(27%) out of 30 patients of Takayasu's ateritis showed coronary involvement. Among the 13 lesions of coronary arterial narrowings in 8 patients with coronary involvements, there were 3 ostial lesions, 5 proximal and 5 middle or distal lesions. 6) Frequently there were no cardiac symptom in patients with Takayasu's arteritis who had coronary arterial lesions, and a myocadial infarction or congestive heart failure may be the first sign of the coronary arterial narrowing.

피리딘과 할로겐 또는 할로겐간 화합물 사이의 전하이동 착물생성에 관한 열역학적 연구

권오천,경진범,최기준,Oh Cheun Kwun,Jin Burm Kyong,Kee Joon Choi 대한화학회 1982 대한화학회지 Vol.26 No.6

피리딘과 요오드, 일브롬화요오드 및 일염화요오드 사이에 생성되는 전하이동 착물을 사염화탄소 용액내에서 자외선 분광 광도법을 사용하여 연구한 결과$ C_5H_5N{\cdot}I_2}$, $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}IBr$ 및 $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}ICl$형의 1:1 분자 착물이 생성됨을 알았다. 이들 착물 생성에 대한 흡수최대는 온도가 상승함에 따라 blue shift 되므로 이를 고려하여 각 온도에서의 평형 상수와 흡광계수를 구하였다. 이 값으로부터 이들 착물 생성에 대한 ${\Delta}H$, ${\Delta}D$및${\Delta}S$의 열역학적 파라미터를 산출하였다. 이 결과 착물의 상대적 안정도가 다음과 같은 순서로 됨을 알 수 있었다. $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}I_2$ < $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}IBr$ < $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}ICl$ 이 순서는 피리딘에 대한 그들의 상대적 산성도를 의미하며 전자수용체의 편극율 및 할로겐 원자의 전기 음성도의 차이에 의하여 설명될 수 있다. Ultraviolet spectrophotometric investigations were carried out on the systems of pyridine with iodine, iodine monobromide and iodine monochloride in carbon tetrachloride. The results reveal the formation of the one to one molecular complexes of the type, $C_5H_5N{\cdot}I_2$, $ C_5H_5$N{\cdot}IBr and $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}ICl$. Considering ${\lambda}_max$ according to the formation of charge transfer complexes has the blue shift with the increasing temperatures$25, 40, 60^{\circ}C$ the equilibrium constants K and molar absorptivities $\varepsilon$ of complexes were obtained. From these values, the thermodynamic parameters ${\Delta}H$, ${\Delta}G$ and ${\Delta}S$ for the formation of the above charge transfer complexes were obtained. These results indicate that the relative stabilities of iodine, iodine monobromide and iodine monochloride complexes with pyridine increase in the order, $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}I_2$ < $ C_5H_5N{\cdot}IBr$ <$ C_5H_5N{\cdot}ICl$. This may be a measure of relative acidity of halogen and interhalogen toward pyridine and can be explained by the polarizabilities of electron acceptors and the difference of electronegativities of halogen atoms.

염화벤질류의 가용매분해반응에 대한 압력의 영향. 에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 p-메톡시 염화벤질의 분해반응

권오천,경진범,최기준,Oh Cheun Kwun,Jin Burm Kyong,Kee Joon Choi 대한화학회 1986 대한화학회지 Vol.30 No.3

에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 p-메톡시 염화벤질의 가용매 분해 반응에 대한 속도상수를 온도 2$^{\circ}$와 10$^{\circ}C$, 압력을 1~1600bar로 변화시켜 가면서 측정하였다. 이 반응의 속도 상수(k)는 온도와 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하고 에탄올 몰 분율이 증가함에 따라 감소함을 알았다. 또한 이 반응 속도 상수로 부터 (${{\Delta}V_o}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq}$ 및 ${\Delta}S^{\neq}$)의 값을 얻었다. 이 때 ${{\Delta}V_o}^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$는 에탄올 몰분율이 약 0.30인 부근에서 extremum behavior가 나타남을 알았고, 이러한 현상을 용매구조 변화로 논의하였다. 이러한 사실로부터 본 반응은 $S_N1$ 메타니즘이 지배적이며 압력이 증가함에 따라서는 $S_N1$ 성격이 약해짐을 알았다. The rate constants for the solvolysis reactions of p-methoxybenzylchloride in ethanol-water mixtures were determined at 2$^{\circ}$ and 10$^{\circ}C$ up to 1600bar. Rates of reaction were increased with increasing temperature and pressure, and decreased with increasing solvent composition of ethanol mole fraction. From the rate constants, the values of the activation parameters (${{\Delta}V_o}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq},\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}$) were evaluated. The values of ${{\Delta}V_o}^{\neq}$ and ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$ exhibit the extremum behavior at about 0.30 mole fraction of ethanol. This behavior is discussed in terms of solvent structure variation. From these results, it could be postulated that the reaction proceeds through $S_N1$ mechanism.

고압하의 메탄올 용매내에서 염화벤질류와 피리딘과의 반응에 대한 반응속도론적 연구

권오천,김영철,경진범,최기준,Oh Cheun Kwon,Young Cheul Kim,Jin Burm Kyong,Kee Joon Choi 대한화학회 1987 대한화학회지 Vol.31 No.5

파라니트로 염화벤질(p-NO$_2$), 염화벤질(p-H) 및 파라메틸 염화벤질(p-CH$_3$)과 피리딘 사이의 반응을 메탄올용매내에서 반응시켜 이들의 반응 온도를 40$^{\circ}$C 와 50$^{\circ}$C로 하고, 압력은 1∼2000bar로 변화시켜 전기전도도법으로 측정하여 유사 1차 반응속도 상수와 2차 반응속도 상수를 구하였다. 이때 반응속도 상수는 p-NO$_2$ < p-H < p-CH$_3$의 순으로 증가됨을 알았다. 염화벤질류와 피리딘의 반응속도상수는 온도, 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하고 피리딘의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 상기 반응속도 상수로 부터 활성화부피, 활성화 압축율 계수, 활성화엔탈피, 활성화 엔트로피 및 활성화 자유에너지를 구하였다. 활성화 부피와 활성와 압축율 계수는 모두 음의 값이며, 활성화 엔탈피는 양의 값을 활성화 엔트로피는 큰 음의 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 사실로부터 치환체 및 압력에 따른 초기상태와 전이상태를 비교 검토하여 반응메카니즘을 고찰한 결과 전체반응은 S$_N$2반응으로 진행되고 있으나, 압력이 증가함에 따라 S$_N$2반응성이 약화됨을 알았다. Rates of the reaction for p-nitro benzyl chloride, benzyl chloride and p-methyl benzyl chloride with pyridine in methanol solvent have been measured by an electric conductivity method at 40$^{\circ}$C and 50$^{\circ}$C under various pressures (1∼2000bar). Pseudo first-order rate constants and second-order rate constants were determined. Rates of these reactions were increased in the order p-NO$_2$ < p-H < p-CH$_3$ and increased with temperature, pressure and concentration of pyridine. From those rate constants, the activation parameters were evaluated. The activation volume and the activation compressibility coefficient are both negative values, but the activation enthalpy is positive and the activation entropy is large negative value. From the evaluation of the ground state and transition state which was resulted from substituents and pressure, it was found that this reaction proceeds through S$_N$2 reaction, and S$_N$2 fashion is slightly disappeared as pressure increases.

삽입형 심실제세동기를 삽입한 환자들의 임상적 특징

홍윤기 ( Yoon Ki Hong ),남기병 ( Gi Byoung Nam ),최기준 ( Kee Joon Choi ),박경민 ( Kyoung Min Park ),김정욱 ( Jong Wook Kim ),김형용 ( Hyung Yong Kim ),김유호 ( You Ho Kim ) 대한내과학회 2008 대한내과학회지 Vol.74 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 우리나라에서 제세동기를 삽입한 환자들의 임상적 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 서울아산병원에서 1996년부터 2005년 까지 제세동기를 삽입한 135명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 제세동기를 삽입하게 된 환자들의 3가지 주요 기저 질환은 심근 경색 후 심실성 빈맥, 브루가다 증후군, 비후성 심근증이었고, 이 중 브루가다 증후군이 상대적으로 많은 것은 서구와 다른 특징이다. 제세동기 삽입 후 적절한 전기 충격이 43명(31.9%)에서 발생하였으며, 부적절한 전기 충격도 39명(28.9%)에서 발생하였다. 결론: 제세동기는 급성 심장사의 고위험군 환자에서 치명적인 심실성 부정맥으로 인한 사망을 감소시키는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 상당수의 환자에서 부적절한 전기충격이나 제세동기의 감지오류 등의 문제가 발생하였고, 이는 적절한 항부정맥제의 사용이나 제세동기 감지 설정의 최적화 등을 통하여 최소화할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다. Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of the patients who underwent implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (ICD) treatment. Methods: The clinical features and the test data of the intracardiac electrograms for the patients who underwent ICD implantation between 1996 and 2005 at Asan Medical Center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: One hundred thirty five patients (109 males and 26 females, a mean age of 54±13 years) were included in this study. The underlying cardiovascular diseases were post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular tachycardia (VT), Brugada syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CM) and dilated CM. During a mean of 2.9±2.0 years of follow-up, appropriate shocks were delivered in 43 (31.9%) and inappropriate shocks were delivered in 39 (28.9%) patients. Anti-tachycardia pacing therapy was effective in 17 patients. Inappropriate shocks were caused by atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular responses, T wave oversensing or electromagnetic interference. Major complications of ICD therapy during follow-up included ICD infection, lead problems, electromagnetic interference and generator malfunction. Conclusions: The three major cardiovascular diseases in patients with ICD implantation were post-MI VT, Brugada syndrome and hypertrophic CM. Inappropriate shocks were delivered to a significant proportion of the patients, which emphasize the need for an aggressive rate control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Most complications of ICD therapy were caused by device malfunction. (Korean J Med 74:68-74, 2008)

정상 관동맥 조영상을 갖는 급성 심근경색증의 임상성

박승우(Seung Woo Park),박대균(Dai Gyun Park),최기준(Kee Joon Choi),권현철(Hyeon Cheol Kwon),조명찬(Myeong Chan Cho),김준수(June Soo Kim),이명묵(Myoung Mook Lee),박영배(Young Bae Park),최윤식(Yun Shik Choi),서정돈(Jung Don Seo),이영우 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.6

N/A 26 cases(12.0%) showed angiographically normal coronary artery. Among 217 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI), the patients with normal coronary arteriograms were younger than those with abnormal coronary arteriograms (p<0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in risk factors and tread- mill test. The incidence of non-Q wave infarction significantly increased in the group of patients with normal coronary arteriograms (p<0.005). Ejection fraction in gated blood pool scan and hemodynamic findings including cardiac index and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were similar in both groups. Normal wall motion in the left ventriculogram was noticed more frequently in patients with normal coronary arteriogram (p<0.005). The incidence of postinfarct complication and symptomatic recurrence rate of ischemic heart disease after AMI showed no differences between the two groups. In conclusion, the incidence of AMI with normal coronary arteriogram was higher than that of other western studies. The reason for this difference is unclear, although it might be explained partially by a reported high incidence of vasospasm in our country. More data are needed especially in the aspect of prognosis, in order to establish the clinical significance of normal coronary angiogram in patients with AMI.

유기인제 중독 환자에서 발생한 QT 간격의 연장과 완전방실차단

안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ),남기병 ( Gi Byoung Nam ),임정우 ( Jeong Woo Lim ),김준 ( Jun Kim ),최기준 ( Kee Joon Choi ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김유호 ( You Ho Kim ) 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.70 No.-

유기인제 중독 환자에서 발생한 QT 간격의 연장과 완전방실차단

안정민 ( Jung Min Ahn ),남기병 ( Gi Byoung Nam ),임정우 ( Jeong Woo Lim ),김준 ( Jun Kim ),최기준 ( Kee Joon Choi ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김유호 ( You Ho Kim ) 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.70 No.2S

Thallium - 201 심근 단층영상의 정량적 분석

이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),안규리(Cu Rie Ahn),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),김상은(Sang Eun Kim),최창운(Chang Woon Choi),고창순,이영우,서정돈,박영배,최윤식,이명묵(Myoung Mook Lee),남기병(Gi Byoung Nam),최기준(Kee Joon Choi),손대원(Dae 대한핵의학회 1991 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.25 No.2

N/A The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of quantitative Tl-201 tomography to identify and localize coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population consisted of 4l. patients (31 males, 10 females; mean age 55 +- 7 yr) including 14 with prior myocardial infarction who underwent both exercise Tl-201 myocardium SPECT and coronary angiography for the evaluation of chest pain. From the short axis and vertical long axis tomograms, stress extent polar maps were generated by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center prograrn, and the 9 stress defect extent (SDE) was quantified for each coronary artery territory. For the purpose of this study, the coronary circulation was divided into 6 arterial segments, and the myocardial ischemic score (MIS) was calculated from the coronary angiogram. Sensitivity for the detection of CAD (>50% coronary stenosis by angiography) by stress eXtent polar map was 95% in single vessel disease, and 100% in double and triple vessel deseases. Overall sensitivity was 97%<. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of individual diseased vessels werc, respectively, 87% and 90% for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 36% and 93% for the left circumflex artery (LCX), and 71% and 70%, for the right coronary artery (RCA). Concordance for the detection of individual diseased vessels between the coronary angiography and stress polar map was fair for the LAD (kappa=0.70), and RCA (kappa=0.41) lesions, whereas it was poor for the LCK lesions (kappa =0.32) There were siginificant correlations between the MIS and SDE in LAD (rs=0. 56, p=0.0027), and RCA territory (rs=0.60, p=0.0094). No significant correlation was found in LCX territory. When total vascular territories were combined, there was a significant correlation between the MIS and SDE (rs=0.42, p=0,0116). In conclusion, the quantitative analysis of TI-201 tomograms appears to be accurate for determining the presence and location of CAD.