Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Yong-Do Lee's Revival Movement

Lee, Young-Hoon 한세대학교 1998 敎授論叢 Vol.12 No.-

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

이진헌,강진경,박인서,송건훈,정재복,백용한,송시영,서정훈 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Background/Aims: Inflammatory diseasas of the pancreas are not uncommon. The advanced age is one of the significant factors in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis. It has been shown that the biliary tract disease is a more frequent cause of acute pancreatitis in the elderly than in the young. With the increased life span, the elderly are comprising a large proportion of the population. As a result, physicians are more often being faced with acute pancreatitis in the elderly. The purpose af this study was to evaluate clinical features of acute panereatitis in the elderly. Methods: A total of 188 patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. We investigated the differences of clinical characteristics between the elderly patients aged over 60 and the young patients aged under 60. Results: The sex distribution showed male preponderance in the young patients (M:F=2.4:1), but was nearly equal in the elderly patients (M:F=1.1:1). The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the elderly was biliary tract disease (52.5%), while alcohol abuse was the most common cause in the young patients (38.8%), Local complications of acute pancreatitis, such as psuedocyst, necrosis, abscesses were not differently shown between the elderly (16.9%) and the young (20.2%) patients. Systemic complications including acute puhnonary failure occurred more frequently in the elderly patients than the young patients. The mortality rate of the elderly patients (5.1%) was not significantly different from that of the young patients (3.1%). Conclusions: To detect correctable underlying bihary tract diseases the elderly patients with acute pancreatitis should be completely investigated using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, the patient should be closely monitored for the development of the systemic complications during the disease process.

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

백용한,서정훈,송건훈,이진헌,송시영,정재복,강진경,박인서,이수진 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

정신분열병 환자 가족을 위한 한 정신교육적 가족치료 모형의 효과

이영호,심주철,이상경,서영수,김용관,김규수,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 본 교실에서 정신분열병 환자 가족을 대상으로 시행 중인 장기 정신교육적 가족치료모형을 소개하고, 이모형이 가족의 대처방식과 우울증상, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지와 우울증상, 재입원율 및 사회재활상태에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 DSM-IV 진단기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 외래 통원치료를 받고 있는 환자와 그 보호자였다. 교육군은 전체 19회 교육 중 최소 ⅔이상 참여한 11명의 환자와 가족이었고 비교육군은 부산소재의 종합병원에서 가족교육을 받지 않고 통원치료만을 받았던 11명의 환자와 가족이었다. 정신교육적 가족치료 모형의 효과는 가족의 대처방식과 우울증상, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지와 우울증상, 재입원율, 사호재활 실태로 나누어 평가했다. 평가도구는 The Ways of Coping Checklist의 국내번안용, Family Emotional Support Questionnaire for Transaction. Beck Depression Inventory를 이용했다. 재입원율 및 사회재활 실태에 대한 평가는 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 통해 조사했다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 정신교육적 가족치료 모형 실시 후 가족의 대처방식 중 적극적 대처는 교육군운 의미있게 증가한 반면 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 소극적 대처 교육군은 의미있게 감소했으나 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 가족치료모형 실시 전 가족들은 양군 모두 심한 우울증상을 갖고 있었다. 가족치료모형 실시 후 가족의 우울증상은 교육군에서 감소, 비교육군은 증가를 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 환자가 지각하는 가족의 정서적 지지 평가척도점수는 교육군은 의미있는 증가를 보였으나 비교육군에서는 변화가 없었다. 환자의 우울증상의 교육군에서는 현저한 감소를 보인 반면 비교육군은 상반되게 증가했다. 가족의 적극적 대처가 환자가 자각하는 정서적 지지의 증가 및 우울증상 감소와 의미있는 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 교육군의 환자들이 비교육군의 환자들보다 장기가족교육 종료시점과 9개월 경과 후의 추적 평가에서 재입원율이 현저히 낮았고, 사회재활상태도 좋았다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 실시된 장기 가족교육모형은 가족의 대처방식을 향상시키고, 우울증상의 감소를 가져오며, 환자가 자각하는 가족의 정서적 지지 향상 및 우울증상의 호전을 가져오고, 재입원율의 저하 및 사회재활의 향상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Objectives : This study was performed to introduce a psychoeducational family therapy model for the families of schizophrenic patient and to investigate the effect of this model on the changes in coping style and depressive symptoms of the family members, and in perception of emotional support by families and depressive symptoms of patients. Methods : Subjects were schizophrenic out-patients, who fufilled DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, and their families. The members of "education group" were 11 families and patients who participated in more than two thirds of 19 sessions of the program. The members of "non-education group" were 11 families and patients who had no experience of family education and were treated in a general hospital in Pusan. Clinical ratings were performed using by The Ways of Coping Checklist, Family Emotional Support Questionnaire for Transactions, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results : Coping style was changed positively, in education group but not in non-education group. The depressive symptoms of families were decreased in educated group and increased in non-educated group, although there were no statistical significance. In education group, patients felt much better emotional support by their families than patients in non-education group did. At the same time, their depressive symptoms were significantly reduced. The patients from education group were on more successful rehabilitation than those from non-education group were. Conclusion : Our results suggest that this psychoeducational family therapy model would be helpful to induce the positive changes in coping styles and reduce the depressive symptoms of family members, and it could also induce the reduction of depressive symptoms of schizophrenic patients and help their rehabilitation.

혼합형 자가면역성 용혈성 빈혈을 동반한 전신성 홍반성 루푸스 1예

이승철,김선임,이승훈,이현경,조남국,한성훈,유영진,조종래 인제대학교 2000 仁濟醫學 Vol.21 No.2

A 17-year-women developed mixed warm and cold antibody type autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patients was admitted to our hospital for syncope. Jaundice was observed. Urinalysis revealed protein and hemoglobin. Her hemoglobin was 4.6g/dl and reticulocytes were 10%. Total bilirubin was elevated, while haptoglobin and complement were abnormally reduced. ANA and mitochondrial Ab were detected. The direct and indirect Coombs test were positive. The direct antiglobulin test was positive ; IgG and C3d were detected on the red cell surface. The cold agglutinin(CA) titer was 128. The patients was initially treated with high dose steroid therapy. However the patients did not responded to high dose steroid therapy. We treated the patients with plasmapheresis and synchronized cyclophosphamide therapy. Clinical remission of hematologic complications was achieved in this patients. We report a case of mixed type autoimmune hemolytic anemia with SLE that responded plasma pheresis and synchronized cyclophosphamide therapy.

면역 알고리즘을 이용한 AGV의 2자유도 PID 조향 제어기 설계에 관한 연구

이창훈,이진우,이영진,이권순 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2002 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.9 No.2

Immune system is an evolutionary biological system to protect innumerable foreign materials such as virus, germ cell, and et cetera. Immune algorithm is the modeling of this system's response that has adaptation and reliableness when disturbance occur. In this paper, Immune algorithm controller was proposed to control four wheels steering(4ws). Automated Guided vehicle(AGV) in container yard. And then the simulation result was analysed and compared with result of Neural Network PID controller.

흑두로 제조한 청국에서 분리된 Bacillus subtillus BB-1으로부터 혈전용해효소 유전자 크로닝 및 특성규명

이영훈,이성호,전주미,김홍출,조용운,박기훈,최영주,갈상완 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

A bacterium producing five fibrinolytic isozymes was isolated from black bean chung kuk. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis BB-1 by 16s rDNA sequence homology search. A gene out of five fibrinolytic genes in the Bacillus subtilis BB-1 was cloned by shot-gun method. A Cla ⅠDNA fragment of B. subtilis BB-1 chromosome was cloned in to pBluescript ⅡSK(-) and showed the fibrinolytic activity to bacterial cells. The Cla ⅠDNA fragment was sequenced and the sequences did not show homology with gene for protease or fibrinolytic enzyme genes in other organisms. The Cla ⅠDNA fragment was reduced to 2,142 bp by activity-guided PCR cloning method. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 5.0 and 35℃, respectively. Substrate specificity of the fibrinolytic enzyme was detected in skim milk, casein, gelatin and blood agar plates. The activity of the enzyme was not detected with these substrates. Taken together, this enzyme is a new fibrinolytic enzyme and may be used to prevent thrombosis and arteriosclerosis.