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On-line Scheduling Algorithms for Reducing the Largest Weighted Error Incurred by Imprecise Tasks
이춘희,류원,송기현,최경희,정기현,박승규,Lee, Chun-Hi,Ryu, Won,Song, Ki-Hyun,Choi, Kyung-Hee,Jung, Gy-Hyun,Park, Seung-Kyu The Korean Institute of Communications and Informa 1999 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.24 No.6
본 논문은 단일프로세서 환경에서 부정확 타스크들을 선점형태로 스케쥴할 때 발생하는 오류의 최대치를 최소화하는 온라인 스케쥴링 알고리즘을 제시한다. 알고리즘은 상위수준 및 하위수준 알고리즘으로 나눈다. 상위수준 알고리즘에서는 매번 타스크가 도착할 때마다 스케쥴링을 수행하며, 대상 타스크들의 전체 오류 및 최대오류가 동시에 최소가 되도록 각 타스크들의 수행시간을 구한다. 하위수준 알고리즘에서는 배당된 타스크들의 할당 시간을 실제 프로세서가 어떤 순서대로 수행할지를 정한다. 상위수준 알고리즘은 주어진 조건을 LP 문제로 정형화하여 복잡도가 상당히 개선된 알고리즘을 제시하였고, 하위수준 알고리즘은 Shih and Liu[4] 의 온라인 알고리즘을 확장하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 다수 경우의 상황을 실험한 결과 전의 연구방법 보다 상당히 개선된 효과, 최대오류를 더 최소화시키는 것을 관찰하였다. This paper proposes on-line scheduling algorithms that reduce the largest weighted error incurred by preemptive imprecise tasks running on a single processor system. The first one is a two-level algorithm. The top-level scheduling, which is executed whenever a new task arrives, determines the processing times to be allotted to tasks in such a way to minimize maximum weighted error as well as to minimize total error. The lower-level algorithm actually allocates the processor to the tasks. The second algorithm extends the on-line algorithm studied by Shih and Liu[4] by formalizing the top-level algorithm mathematically. The numerical simulation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previous works in the sense that it greatly reduces the largest weighted error.
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환경 중 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one에 대한 초기 생태위해성 평가
한혜진(Hye Jin Han),김은주(Eun Ju Kim),유선경(Sun Kyoung Yoo),노희영(Hi Young Ro),백용욱(Yong Wook Baek),심일섭(Il Seob Shim),엄익춘(Ig Chun Eom),김현미(Hyun Mi Kim),김필제(Pil Je Kim),최경희(Kyung Hee Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.3
본 연구에서는 벤즈이소시아졸리논의 초기 생태위해성을 평가하기 위해 물리·화학적 특성과 환경거동 및 경로를 조사하였고, 어류, 물벼룩 및 조류를 이용한 수생태 독성시험을 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 벤즈이소시아졸리논은 비휘발성으로 환경 중 주로 토양과 물에 분포하는 특성이 있으며, 토양 내 이동성과 생물농축 가능성이 낮은 편으로 나타났다. Oryzias laties를 이용한 급성 독성시험 결과 96시간-LC50 값은 4.7 mg/L(측정농도), Daphnia magna를 이용한 48시간-EC50 값은 3.3mg/L(측정농도)이었다. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata를 이용한 72시간-EC50 값은 0.456 mg/L(평균 성장률, 설정농도)와 0.262mg/L(수율, 설정농도)이었다. 시험 종 가운데 독성에 가장 민감한 조류의 수율 EC50 값에 평가 계수 100을 적용한 예측무영향 농도는 2.62 μg/L이었다. 각 시험군의 독성 종말점을 GHS (Globally Harmonized System) 기준에 따라 분류한 결과 조류 독성은 급성독성 1등급, 어류 및 물벼룩 독성은 급성독성 2등급에 해당되었다. 본 결과를 토대로 볼 때 벤즈이소시아졸리논은 생태환경에 대한 위해성이 예측된다. In this study, physico-chemical properties and environmental fate were investigated and ecotoxicity tests using fish, daphnia and algae were conducted for an initial ecological risk assessment of 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one. Due to low volatility of the test substance under environmental conditions, it is likely to distributed in soil and water environment. The compound has low adsorption in the soil, with low bioconcentration potential. Acute toxicity results showed that 96 h-LC50 for Oryzias laties was 4.7 mg/L (measured) and 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna was 3.3 mg/L (measured). In a growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72 h-EC50 was 0.456 mg/L (growth rate, nominal) and 0.262 mg/L (yield, nominal). Using the acute toxicity value of algae, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the aquatic environment was determined to be 2.62 μg/L using an factor of 100. According to globally harmonized system (GHS), the compound was categorized as aquatic acute 1 for algae, while it was categorized as aquatic acute 2 for fish and daphnia. This screening assessment suggests that the test substance may pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment.
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Cortisone 多量長期投與가 家兎子宮 및 腦組織의 水分과 電解質에 미치는 影響
崔慶喜,李壽鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1972 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.9 No.1
Author has attempted to clarify the effects of cortisone on electrolytes in the tissue of the uterus and the cerebral cortex of mature female rabbits weighing about 2㎏. Determination of electrolytes level of the uterus and the cerebral cortex tissue after administration of cortisone 25㎎ daily for 2 weeks after castration were undertakan. Levels of Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg and water content in the organ tissue mentioned in the foregoing were determined and then changes in electrolytes level, comparison of the electrolytes and water contents in these organ tissues were undertaken after a long term administration of cortisone in large doses to castrated rabbits. Flame-photometry was utilized for the determination of Na. and K level, Schales and Schales' method for Ca and Mg content. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum electrolytes level of female rabbits following castration produced no appreciable changes but a long term administration of cortisone in large doses to castrated female rabbits produced a decrease in Cl, K, Ca and Mg levels. 2. Castration of female rabbits produced an increase in Cl and Ca levels, and decrease in Mg level of the uterine tissue. A long term administration of cortisone in large doses to castrated female rabbits produced a decrease of water content, and an increase in Cl, Na, Ca and Mg levels. 3. Castration produced a marked decrease in water content of the tissue of the cerebral cortex. A long term administration of cortisone in large doses to castrated female rabbits produced an increase in water content, and Ca level whereas a decrease in Cl and K levels. 4. The water content levels of tissue of the uterus and the cerebral cortex were equal to each other in normsl, castrated and cortisone admlinistered female rabbits. 5. Cl contents of the tissue of the cerebral cortex of normal, castrated, and large doses of cortisone administered female rabbits showed marked lower level than Cl content of the uterine tissue. 6. Na content of the tissue of the corbex of normal, castrated and large doses of cortisone administered female rabbits showed marked lower level in comparison with of the uterine tissue. 7. K content of the tissue of the cerebral cortex of normal and castrated female rabbits showed a marked higher level in comparison with K content of the uterine tissue. 8. Ca content of the tissue of the cerebral cortex of normal female rabbits showed higher level in comparison with that of the uterine tissue. Ca content of the cerebral cortex tissue of large doses of cortisone administered castrated female rabbits showed lower level in comparison with Ca content of the uterine tissue. 9. Mg content of the tissue of cerebral cortex of normal female rabbits equal to uterine tissue. Mg content of the castrated cerebral cortex tissue of castrated female rabbits showed higher level than that of the uterine tissue. Whereas lower level in cortisone administered female rabbits.
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군복의 기능성 향상을 위한 디자인 제시 및 평가에 관한 연구
김영미,이성애,홍경희,김경희,김해영,안태예,최경희,황순영 한국의류학회 1990 한국의류학회지 Vol.14 No.2
An example of functional army's training wear was developed with careful considerations given to the actual user. Three steps of a functional clothing design process were followed in the design procedure. First, information on the adequacy of the current army's training wear was collected by interviews with 192 persons. Second, the current design and construction of the training wear was altered to meet the user's need from the result of the interview. Third, the performance of the newly designed army's training wear was evaluated for their effectiveness in several aspects such as conditions of the microclimate within clothing, metabolic rate, garment pressure during arm movements and appearance during body motions.
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