건강한 성인에서 아토르바스타틴 경구흡수과정의 집단약동학 분석

채홍석,안병진,한승훈,김지면,도기찬,나현오,임동석 대한임상약리학회 2008 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds: Atorvastatin which has a highly variable pharmacokinetic profileoften shows double peaks. However, in most cases it has been regarded as a noise or assay error. In this study we compared 4 different absorption models (zero order, 1st order, combined and parallel absorption model) to determine which model best describes the absorption process. Methods: Plasma atorvastatin data of 57 healthy subjects from two bioequivalence studies were used. Concentrations were measured up to 48 hours after drug administration. Mixed effect analysis to compare the 4 absorption models was performed using NONMEM version 6.0. Results: The absorption process was best described bycombined absorption model. CL/F and Vd/F were 400L/hand 779L, respectively, and KA and D were 0.09 hr-1 and 0.53 hr-1, respectively. Conclusion: Although the combined absorption model did not fully describe the double peaks, this study demonstrated that absorption models other than simple first or zero order absorption are necessary to describe the double peaks phenomenon. Backgrounds: Atorvastatin which has a highly variable pharmacokinetic profileoften shows double peaks. However, in most cases it has been regarded as a noise or assay error. In this study we compared 4 different absorption models (zero order, 1st order, combined and parallel absorption model) to determine which model best describes the absorption process. Methods: Plasma atorvastatin data of 57 healthy subjects from two bioequivalence studies were used. Concentrations were measured up to 48 hours after drug administration. Mixed effect analysis to compare the 4 absorption models was performed using NONMEM version 6.0. Results: The absorption process was best described bycombined absorption model. CL/F and Vd/F were 400L/hand 779L, respectively, and KA and D were 0.09 hr-1 and 0.53 hr-1, respectively. Conclusion: Although the combined absorption model did not fully describe the double peaks, this study demonstrated that absorption models other than simple first or zero order absorption are necessary to describe the double peaks phenomenon.

지킴이 : 유닉스 시스템을 위한 통합 보안 점검 도구

채홍석(Heung Seok Chae),이남희(Nam Hee Lee),김형호(Hyung Ho Kim),김내희(Nae Hee Kim),차성덕(Sung Deok Cha),백석철(Seok Chul Baek),임규건(Gyu Geon Lim),박승민(Seung Min Park),정종윤(Jong Yoon Chung) 한국정보보호학회 1997 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.7 No.3

세팔렉신 제제인 케파신캡슐TM의 팔렉신캡슐TM에 대한 생물학적동등성

안병진,채홍석,한승훈,홍은경,임동석 대한임상약리학회 2007 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.15 No.2

Backgound: Cephalexin is one of the first generation cephalosporins that has antibactericidal activity against gram-positive microorganisms. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephalexin formulations (Kepacin capsule 500mg vs Falexin capsule 500mg), according to the guideline of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Methods: Twenty three healthy Korean male volunteers participated in this study. Under two–way, crossover, Latin-square design (1-week wash-out period), a pharmacokinetic study and bioequivalence test was performed. After oral administration of cephalexin 500mg, blood samples were taken at predetermined time points and the concentrations of cephalexin were quantified using HPLC/UV method. WinNonlin V5.0 was utilized for calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters including AUCt, Cmax. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic and pharmacokinetic characteristics between Kepacin TM and Falexin TM . ANOVA test found no significant sequence effects for AUCt and Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals of the mean difference of log (AUCt and Cmax) for Kepacin TM versus Falexin TM were log 0.94~log 1.03 and log 0.92~log 1.18, respectively. These values were within the bioequivalence range of log 0.8~log 1.25. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the pharmacokinetic profiles of cephalexin in Korean male subjects were not different from previous reports except low clearance. Kepacin TM was bioequivalent to Falexin TM with respect to the extent and rate of absorption.

객체지향 메트릭을 이용한 변경 발생에 대한 예측 모형

이미정(Mi Jung Lee),채홍석(Heung Seok Chae),김태연(Tae Yeon Kim) 한국정보과학회 2007 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.34 No.7

다양한 이유로 소프트웨어는 변경이 될 수 있으며 이는 유지보수 비용의 상승을 초래한다. 소프트웨어 메트릭은 클래스의 특성에 대한 정량적인 값으로서 유지보수 비용, 결함의 가능성 여부 등을 예측하는데 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 객체지향 메트릭과 산업체의 실제 소프트웨어 개발 과정에서 발생하는 변경 발생 횟수와의 관계를 제시한다. 규모, 복잡도, 결합도, 상속과 다형성 측면에서 7개의 메트릭이 사용되었으며, .NET 플랫폼 기반의 정보 시스템의 개발 과정에서 변경 발생 횟수에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 본 논문에서는 다중회귀분석 기법을 이용하여 사용된 객체지향 메트릭으로부터 변경 발생횟수를 예측하는 모형을 제시한다. Software changes for various kinds of reasons and they increase maintenance cost. Software metrics, as quantitative values about attributes of software, have been adopted for predicting maintenance cost and fault-proneness. This paper proposes relationship between some typical object-oriented metrics and software changes in industrial settings. We used seven metrics which are concerned with size, complexity, coupling, inheritance and polymorphism, and collected data about the number of changes during the development of an information system on .NET platform. Based on them, this paper proposes a model for predicting the number of changes from the object-oriented metrics using multiple regression analysis technique.

리팜피신 제제인 리팜핀정의 리포덱스정에 대한 생물학적동등성

한승훈,홍은경,안병진,채홍석,임동석 대한임상약리학회 2007 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.15 No.2

Background: Rifampicin is commonly used antimycobacterial drug and various formulations are available. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bioequivalence of rifampicin in healthy Korean subjects. Methods: Under two way crossover Latin square design (2 sequences, 2 periods), twenty-one subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. After administration of rifampicin 600mg, blood sampling was done at prescheduled time points. Samples were analyzed using HPLC/UV method. Using WinNonlin V5.2, Cmax, AUCt and Tmax were calculated. ANOVA test was done for each pharmacokinetic parameter after log transformation. Results: There was no significant difference between 2 groups in emographic profile. Average AUCt of Rifodex® was 101.947±38.763 ug·hr/ml (Mean±SD) and that of Rifampin® was 104.480±38.122 ug·hr/ml (Mean±SD). Average Cmax was 16.399±5.367 ug/ml (Mean±SD) for Rifodex®, and 16.442±6.013 ug/ml (Mean±SD) for Rifampin®. Bioequivalence test for log(AUCt) and log(Cmax) showed that the 90% confidence interval for difference between 2 formulation is -0.1128~0.0061, -0.0893~0.0779. These values were within the bioequivalence range of -0.2231(=log 0.8)~0.2231(=log 1.25). Conclusion: Our study revealed that Rifampin® is bioequivalent to Rifodex® according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA).

효율적인 센서표적 처리를 위한 표적 저장소 구조의 개선 연구

이선열,최현재,김동영,채홍석 한국방위산업학회 2023 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

공격 무기체계의 발전에 따라 함정전투체계는 짧은 반응, 시간에 적합한 전술 대응 방법으로 자함의 생존율을 증가시켜야한다. 신속한 센서표적 처리를 통한 신속한 전술상황의 평가가 이를 달성할 수 있게 한다. 기존 함정전투체계는 해시맵 기반표적 저장소를 사용하여 신속하게 센서표적을 처리하고자 하였다. 그러나 해시맵 기반 저장소의 값 기반 검색은 상대적으로비효율적이며, 센서표적 처리시간을 증가시키는 한 가지 요인이 될 수 있다. 본 논문은 값 기반 검색 성능을 개선한 표적 저장소 구조를 제안하여 더욱 신속하게 센서표적을 처리하고자 한다. 제안된 구조의 효과성을 평가하기 위해 수행된 실험에서, 제안 저장소 구조는 기존 해시맵 기반 구조에 비해 센서표적 처리시간을 5%-10% 축소시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다. With the advancement of attack weapon systems, naval combat systems must increase their own survival rate through appropriate tactical responses in a short reaction time. Agile assessment of the tactical situation through rapid sensor track processing makes this achievable. Common naval combat systems aim to process sensor tracks more efficiently using a hashmap-based track repository. However, the value-based search of a hashmap-based repository can be relatively inefficient, potentially increasing the sensor track processing time. T his paper presents a new track repository structure that improves the performance of value-based searches to process sensor tracks more efficiently. The experiments showed that the proposed repository structure reduced the sensor track processing time by 5%-10% compared to the hashmap-based structure.

레거시 시스템을 현대화하기 위한 유스케이스 기반의 컴포넌트 추출 방법

김현수(Hyeon Soo Kim),채홍석(Heung Seok Chae),김철홍(Chul Hong Kim) 한국정보과학회 2005 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.32 No.7

Due to not only proven stability and reliability but a significant investment and years of accumulated experience and knowledge, legacy systems have supported the core business applications of a number of organizations over many years. While the emergence of Web-based e-business environments requires externalizing core business processes to the Web. This is a competitive advantage in the new economy. Consequently, organizations now need to mine the business value buried in the legacy systems for reuse in new e-business applications. In this paper we suggest a systematic approach to mining components that perform specific business services and that consist of the legacy system's assets to be leveraged on the modern platform. The proposed activities are divided into several tasks. First, use cases that realize the business processes are captured. Secondly, a design model is constructed for each identified use case in order to integrate the use cases with the similar functionalities. Thirdly, we identify component candidates from the design model and then adjust the component candidates by considering common elements among the candidate components. And also business components are divided into three more fine-grained components to deploy them onto J2EE/EJB environments. Finally, we define the interfaces of components which provide functionalities of the components as operations. 레거시 시스템은 입증된 안정성과 신뢰성을 갖고 있을 뿐만 아니라 그것의 개발 과정에 많은 투자와 수년간의 축적된 경험과 지식이 투입되었기 때문에 다양한 조직의 핵심 비즈니스 응용 시스템을 오랫동안 지원해왔다. 그런데 웹을 기반으로 한 e-비즈니스 환경의 출현으로 이러한 핵심 비즈니스는 웹 기반의 환경에서 동작할 필요가 강하게 대두되었다. 이것은 새로운 비즈니스 환경에서 경쟁력이 되기 때문이다. 따라서 여러 조직들은 새로운 e-비즈니스 응용 시스템에서 재사용하기 위해 레거시 시스템에 묻혀 있는 비즈니스 가치를 찾아야할 필요를 느끼게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 특정 비즈니스 서비스를 수행하는 컴포넌트를 추출하기 위한 체계적인 접근 방법을 제안한다. 이 컴포넌트들은 레거시 시스템의 자산들로 구성되며 새로운 플랫폼으로 도입될 것이다. 컴포넌트 추출 과정은 여러 개의 작업들로 이루어진다. 먼저, 비즈니스 프로세스를 실현하고 있는 유스케이스가 파악된다. 다음으로, 유사한 기능성을 갖는 유스케이스를 통합하기 위해 파악된 유스케이스별로 설계 모델을 구축한다. 세 번째 단계에서는 설계 모델을 바탕으로 컴포넌트 후보를 도출하고, 컴포넌트 후보들 간에 공유되는 공유 요소들을 파악하고 컴포넌트 후보들을 수정한다. 또한 비즈니스 컴포넌트를 J2EE/EJB 환경에 도입하기 위하여 세 개의 보다 작은 규모의 컴포넌트들로 세분한다. 마지막으로, 컴포넌트가 제공하는 기능에 대한 인터페이스를 정의한다.

UML 모델을 위한 메트릭기술 언어 : MDL4UML

김태연(TaeYeon Kim),박진욱(Jin-Uk Park),채홍석(Heung Seok Chae) 한국정보과학회 2008 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.14 No.5

객체지향 모델의 제약을 표현하는 OCL의 용도를 확장하여 UML 모델에 적용할 메트릭을 기술하는 언어로 사용하는 연구가 다양하게 진행되었다. 그러나 OCL로 메트릭을 기술하면 복잡한 OCL 문장으로 인하여 메트릭의 의미를 이해하는 데에 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 OCL의 기본 요소를 추상화시킨 새로운 메트릭 기술 언어(MDL4UML)를 정의하였다. MDL4UML은 OCL의 기본요소를 추상화함으로써 OCL을 이용하여 메트릭을 기술하는 메트릭 디자이너가 이해하기 쉽고 간략하게 메트릭을 기술할 수 있는 장점이 있다. Much research has been conducted to describe metrics for UML models by extending OCL that was proposed to define structural constraints. However, metrics descriptions in OCL are complex, so they are very difficult to understand. This paper defines MDL 4UML by abstracting the conventional OCL. By abstracting abstracting OCL constructs, the MDL4UML can produce simpler descriptions of metrics, which can help metrics designer to understand and describe metrics.

치료 증례 간세포암 부신 전이의 경동맥화학색전술을 이용한 치료 보고

강준원 ( Joon Won Kang ),정진욱 ( Jin Wook Chung ),윤창진 ( Chang Jin Yoon ),채홍석 ( Hong Suk Chae ),박재형 ( Jae Hyung Park ),정아영,( Jean Jung ) 대한간암학회 2002 대한간암학회지 Vol.2 No.-

그립 방식을 이용한 외부 포스트텐션 보강공법의 실험적연구

박찬면 ( Park Chan Myuan ),최인학 ( Choi In Hak ),채홍석 ( Chae Hung Suk ),김강수 ( Kim Kang Su ),최성모 ( Choi Sung Mo ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2005 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The demand for rehabilitation using post-tensioning has recently increased. In this paper, an external post-tensioning method to strengthen flexural members is presented. Five reinforced concrete beam were fabricated and tested to evaluate the retrofitting effect provided by die external post-tensioning method employed in this study. The test results indicated that this rehabilitation method can easily applied and increase member capacity in a reliable manner. The test results were also compared with predictions which gave quite accurate estimation of member capacities.