Christ as the Foundation of Being and Faith: Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Ecumenical Engagement with Erich Przywara and Karl Bart

차보람 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원 2021 장신논단 Vol.53 No.4

The ongoing dispute between Catholic Erich Przywara’s analogia entis and Protestant Karl Barth’s analogia fidei is regarded as one of the most important ecumenical dialogues of the twentieth century Christian theology. Jesuit Przywara presents analogy of being to allow the created ontological possibility of perceiving Creator, while Reformed Barth sharply criticised it and espoused christocentric analogy of faith. Hans Urs von Balthasar, a learned student of Przywara at seminary and afterwards an intimate colleague with Barth at the University of Basel as a chaplain, attempts to reconcile and intertwine the ontological analogia entis with the christocentric analogia fidei. This significant Catholic-Protestant dialogue makes Balthasar an exuberant theologian who initiates a robust approach to the important ecumenical conversation in modern Christian theology. What is at issue in evaluating his ecumenical task is how Balthasar responds to Barth’s christocentric anthropology of human fallenness and Christ’s salvation. Balthasar invites Maximus the Confessor into this ecumenical dialogue and finds in the patristic interlocutor a sophisticated christocentric theology to shed light on the contemporary ecumenical conversation. This paper argues that Balthasar pays appropriate attention to Maximus’ Chalcedonian christology which stresses Christ’s twofold salvific efficacy of ontological affirmation of the created world and soteriological redemption of the fallen world, which correspond respectively to analogy of being and analogy of faith. This twofold meaning of salvation presented in Maximus’ christology makes a critical contribution to Balthasar’s ecumenical dialogue by laying the foundation both for the Protestant soteriological conviction and the Catholic ontological principle.

Two Cases of Spontaneous Renal Hemorrhage in Hemodialysis Patients

차보람,김문재 대한내과학회 2017 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

Direct cholangioscopy with argon plasma coagulation of an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct

차보람,박진석,정석,이돈행,김준미 대한내과학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.34 No.4

Jak1/Stat3 Is an Upstream Signaling of NF-κB Activation in Helicobacter pylori-Induced IL-8 Production in Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells

차보람,김혜영,임주원 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.3

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces the activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) and cytokine expression in gastric epithelial cells. The Janus kinase/signal transducersand activators of transcription (Jak/Stat) cascade is the inflammatory signaling in various cells. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) are mediatedby the activation of Jak1/Stat3 in gastric epithelial (AGS) cells. Thus, gastric epithelialAGS cells were infected with H. pylori in Korean isolates (HP99) at bacterium/cell ratio of 300:1, and the level of IL-8 in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay. Phospho-specific and total forms of Jak1/Stat3 and IκBα were assessed by Western blot analysis, and NF-κB activation was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed that H. pylori induced the activation of Jak1/Stat3 and IL-8 production, which was inhibitedby a Jak/Stat3 specific inhibitor AG490 in AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB, determined by phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB-DNA binding activity, were inhibited by AG490. In conclusion, Jak1/Stat3 activation may mediate the activation of NF-κB and the expression of IL-8 in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. Inhibition of Jak1/Stat3 may be beneficial for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation, since the activation of NF-κB is inhibited and inflammatory cytokine expression is suppressed.

과체중인 여성에서 체중 감소 보조제를 이용한 체중 및 내장지방의 감소 효과

차보람(Cha Bo Ram),채지숙(Chae Jey Sook),이종호(Lee Jong Ho),장양수(Jang Yang Soo),이진희(Lee Jin Hee),손종욱(Son Jong Wook) 韓國營養學會 2003 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.36 No.5

비극성을 성찰하는 신학 ― 로완 윌리엄스의 비극적 신학에 대한 논쟁과 비평

차보람(Boram Cha) 한국기독교학회 2022 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.123 No.-

로완 윌리엄스는 고전신학의 언어와 문법을 창조적으로 해석하는 흐름을 주도하는 신학자다. 그의 신학을 관통하는 여러 특징들 중에서 가장 두드러지는 것은 세계의 비극성에 대한 깊은 성찰이다. 그의 신학은 세계와 인간 삶에 대한 비극적 인식으로부터 출발한다. 그의 신학에서 인간 실존의 비극적 현실, 즉 슬픔과 죄책, 심판과 회개, 상처와 애도 등에 대한 철저한 성찰을 근거로 삼위일체론, 인간론, 영성과 제자도 등에 대한 이해가 형성된다. 하지만 그의 신학이 가진 비극적 특징에 대한 의문과 비판이 존재한다. 비극적 세계를 살아가는 그리스도인의 슬픔과 애도에 과도하게 천착한 나머지, 세계의 비극성에 앞서는 평화와 선함의 존재론적 우선성 그리고 세계의 비극성을 가로지르는 기쁨과 안식의 종말론적 선포 등에 대한 성찰이 약화되거나 사라진다는 우려들이 제기되었다. 말하자면, 세계의 근원적 비극성에 대한 지나치게 날카로운 인식이 되려 복음의 가치들을 약화시키거나 비극성에 종속시킬 수도 있다는 것으로, 이 부분이 윌리엄스의 신학에 대한 가장 중요한 논쟁들 중 하나이다. 본 논문은 먼저 로완 윌리엄스의 비극적 신학의 특징들을 분석한 다음, 위 논쟁에 기여하기 위하여 요한복음에 대한 그의 비극적 독해를 비판적 분석을 시도할 것이다. Rowan Williams is a prominent theologian who leads the current trend of creative interpretation of the language and grammar of classical theology. Among the many characteristics that penetrate his theology, the most significant is a deep reflection on the tragedy of the world. His theology begins with a tragic perception of the world and human life. In his theology, Trinitarianism, anthropology, spirituality and discipleship are formed upon the tragic reality of human existence, namely sadness and guilt, judgment and repentance, brokenness and mourning. However, there are questions and criticisms about the tragic characteristics of his theology. Concerns have been raised that reflection on the ontological priority of peace and goodness ahead of the tragic status quo of the world and the apocalyptic declaration of joy and rest breaking across the tragic reality will weaken or disappear. In other words, an overly agonised perception of the world’s fundamental tragic reality may undermine the values of the Gospel proclamation or subordinate them to the tragic aspects of the world. This is one of the most important and ongoing debates around Williams’s theology. This paper will first analyze the characteristics of his tragic theology, and then critically analyze his tragic reading of the Gospel of John to contribute to the debate above.

삼킴곤란의 진단: 고해상도 내압 검사 및 엔도플립

차보람 ( Boram Cha ),정기욱 ( Kee Wook Jung ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.77 No.2

Esophageal motility disorders were re-defined when high-resolution manometry was employed to better understand their pathogenesis. Newly developed parameters including integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal contractile integral, and distal latency showed better diagnostic yield compared with previously used conventional parameters. Therefore, Chicago classification was formulated, and its diagnostic cascade begins by assessing the IRP value. However, IRP showed limitation due to its inconsistency, and other studies have tried to overcome this. Recent studies showed that provocative tests, supplementing the conventional esophageal manometry protocol, have improved the diagnostic yield of the esophageal motility disorders. Therefore, position change from supine to upright, solid or semi-solid swallowing, multiple rapid swallows, and the rapid drink challenge were newly added to the manometry protocol in the revised Chicago classification version 4.0. Impedance planimetry enables measurement of bag cross-sectional area at various locations. The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) has been applied to assess luminal distensibility. This probe can also measure pressure, serial cross-sectional areas, and tension-strain relationship. The esophagogastric junction’s distensibility is decreased in achalasia. Therefore, EndoFLIP can be used to assess contractility and distensibility of the esophagus in the patients with achalasia, including repetitive antegrade or retrograde contractions. EndoFLIP can detect achalasia patients with relatively low IRP, which was difficult to diagnose using the current high-resolution manometry. EndoFLIP also provides information on the contractile activity and distensibility of the esophageal body in patients with achalasia. The use of provocative tests, newly added in Chicago classification 4.0 version, and EndoFLIP can expand understanding of esophageal motility disorders. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;77:64-70)

Apologetics from Desire: Connecting C. S. Lewis’ Argument from Desire and Henri de Lubac’s Natural Desire for God

Boram Cha(차보람) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2021 신학논단 Vol.106 No.-

세속주의와 무신론이 현대 세계의 지적 분위기를 주도하기 시작한 이래로 그리스도교 진리를 변호하고 설명하려는 변증적 관심은 점점 더 부각되고 있다. 이러한 변증적 관심은 현대 신학의 전반적 기조로서 신학 작업에 영향을 미치고 있다. 이와 같은 상황에서 변증적 관심의 언어를 세련하고 심화하는 작업은 신학의 현대적 적응을 위해서 반드시 수행되어야 하는 과업이다. 이러한 맥락 안에서 본 논문은 “20세기의 가장 위대한 변증가”로 거론되는 C. S. 루이스의 변증적 논증과 가장 영향력있는 20세기 가톨릭 신학자로 거론되는 앙리 드 뤼박의 변증적 사상을 연구한다. 루이스는 유한한 세계를 초월하는 “갈망”이 모든 인간의 보편적 경험이라는 관찰로부터 하느님을 향한 인간의 근원적 정향성을 논증하고자 했다. 루이스의 방법론은, 현대 신학의 두 가지 변증 모델로 보자면, 인간 경험의 보편성에서 시작하는 수정주의 모델에 부합하지만, 하느님과 세계의 관계를 창조주와 피조물의 관계로 이해하는 그리스도교의 내적 논리 안에 근거하고 있다는 점에서 후기자유주의 모델에도 부합한다. 후자의 측면에서 보는 관점은 특별히 앙리 드 뤼박의 변증적 신학과 연결될 수 있다. 드 뤼박은 아우구스티누스와 토마스 아퀴나스를 거쳐 내려오는 초자연적 궁극성과 최종성을 향한 인간의 갈망, 즉 “하느님을 향한 자연적 갈망”을 재해석하여 20세기 가톨릭 신학의 흐름을 정립한 인물이다. 하느님에 의해 창조된 인간은 자연 즉 본성 안에 하느님을 향한 갈망을 내재적으로 가지고 있으며 이 갈망은 자연을 초월한 하느님의 초자연적 은총으로서만 성취된다. 자연은 자연적으로 하느님을 갈망하므로 애초에 하느님과 독립된 ‘순수 자연’이 아니며 하느님의 은총도 외재적으로 부가되는 것이 아니다. 루이스와 드 뤼박이 주장하는 “갈망”은 경험의 보편성과 신학적 설명을 제공한다는 점에서 상호 보완하면서 현대 세계에 필요한 변증학을 함께 구성할 수 있다. Apologetic concern has been thrown into sharp relief since the gradual emergence of secularism and atheism in the modern world. Accordingly, great attention has been drawn to the apologetic thought of C. S. Lewis, who is arguably one of the most influential contemporary apologists. Particularly, the commonly called argument from desire is recognised as a profound theme of Lewis’s oeuvre. The major purpose of this paper is both to offer new insight into the nature of this apologetic argument and to lay a new foundation for future apologetic approaches to the argument. Some recent significant research on the argument adopts a ‘revisionist’ approach as follows: the desire for God in Lewis’ apologetic argument can be seen as a universal experience in any cultural and religious context. I will argue that, without necessarily disagreeing with this revisionist approach, the apologetic argument of Lewis can be more theologically substantiated from a ‘postliberal’ apologetic perspective; it is at the outset predisposed by a distinctively ‘Christian’ doctrine of creation. To illustrate this point, I will try to investigate Lewis’ argument from desire in connection with Henri de Lubac’s natural desire for God. This paper thus demonstrates that Lewis’ argument from desire is in harmony with and, more importantly, theologically strengthened by de Lubac’s natural desire for God in a profound manner. The two prominent Christian thinkers’ arguments make a conjoined contribution to reinforcing contemporary apologetics.

The efficacy and safety of hemostatic powder UI-EWD in patients with lower GI bleeding

박종설,차보람,신종범,박진석,고원진,권계숙,김형길 대한내과학회 2021 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2021 No.1

The efficacy of an adhesive hemostatic powder(UI-EWD) in decreasing of Post ESD Coagulation Syndrom

오현수,차보람,홍지택,권계숙,신종범 대한내과학회 2023 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2023 No.2