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Inversion of the classical Radon transform on $\mathbb{Z}^n_p$
조영덕,현종윤,문성환 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회보 Vol.55 No.6
The Radon transform introduced by J. Radon in 1917 is the integral transform which is widely applicable to tomography. Here we study the discrete version of the Radon transform. More precisely, when $\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{Z}^n_p)$ is the set of complex-valued functions on $\mathbb{Z}^n_p$. We completely determine the subset of $\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{Z}^n_p)$ whose elements can be recovered from its Radon transform on $\mathbb{Z}^n_p$.
조영덕,최성혁,윤영훈,김정윤,박상민,임채승 대한수혈학회 2013 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
Background:Most patients requiring transfusion are admitted to the general ward; however, the number of patients visiting the emergency department for transfusion is increasing. In this study, we reviewed the transfusion therapies that are performed in the emergency department and analyzed their status. Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of the charts of patients who visited the emergency department in our hospital for transfusion therapy from October 1, 2008 to October 30, 2012. We collected and analyzed general information on the patients and divided them into groups according to the number and kind of blood products they received. Results:A total of 4,497 patients visited the emergency department for transfusion therapy during the study period. Among 4,497 patients, 2,925 patients were enrolled in the study and 1,572 patients were excluded. Out of 2,925 patients, there were 1,745 male patients (59.66%) and 1,180 female patients (40.34%), mean age was 61.24 (±17.49); 2,340 patients (80.00%) were admitted, 364 (12.45%) discharged, 44 (1.50%) expired, and 177 (6.05%) were transferred. The most common cause for transfusion was upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (928, 32%), followed by trauma (548, 19%), malignancy (376, 13%), anemia (294, 10%), infection (281, 10%), and gynecologic (137, 5%) respectively. Conclusion:Performance of transfusion therapy in the emergency department is not uncommon; therefore, proper protocols by cause of bleeding will be required for prevention of unnecessary complication that may occur during transfusion therapy. 배경: 수혈을 필요로 하는 대부분의 환자들은일반 병동으로 입원하나 최근에는 수혈 치료를위하여 응급센터를 방문하는 환자들의 수가 늘어가고 있다. 이 연구에서는 응급센터에서 수혈치료를 받은 환자들의 현황에 대한 조사 및 분석을하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구자들은 2008년 10월 1일부터 2012 년 10월 30일까지 수혈치료를 위하여 본원 응급센터를 방문한 환자들의 차트를 후향적 연구로검토하였다. 환자들의 일반적 자료들을 수집했으며 수혈치료의 수와 종류에 따라 여러 그룹으로나눈 후 결과를 분석하였다. 결과: 연구 기간 동안 총 4,497명의 환자가 수혈치료를 받았으며 그 중 1,572명이 제외되고2,925명이 연구에 포함됐다. 총 대상 중 남자1,745명(59.66%), 여자 1,180명(40.34%), 평균나이61.24세(±17.49)였으며 2,340명(80.00%)이 입원, 364명(12.45%)이 귀가, 44명(1.50%)이 사망, 177 명(6.05%)이 전원 조치되었다. 수혈치료를 받은가장 흔한 원인은 위장관 출혈(928명, 32%)이었으며 그 뒤로 외상(548명, 19%), 종양(376명,13%), 빈혈(294명, 10%), 감염(281명, 10%) 그리고 산부인과적 출혈(137명, 5%) 등이었다. 결론: 응급센터에서 수혈치료는 쉽게 접할 수있으며 각각의 원인에 적합한 수혈치료 방법이치료 중 발생할 수 있는 합병증 예방을 위하여 필요할 것이다.
조영덕,최성혁,윤영훈,박상민,김정윤,임채승 대한수혈학회 2012 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.23 No.2
Background:Potassium, the most common cation in the intracellular space, plays a critical role in our physiology. Potassium imbalance may cause life-threatening problems, ranging from general weakness to cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. For emergency physicians, detection of such derangement within a short period of time is of critical importance. In this study, we wanted to determine whether analysis of whole blood samples can be used as a screening tool for potassium imbalance by comparative analysis of whole blood and serum samples. Methods:Two samples were drawn from 227 patients. The whole blood sample was taken from the radial artery and contained in a commercially available arterial blood collection syringe with a lithium-heparin coating. The serum sample was contained in a commercially available vacuum bottle in a non-additive silicone coated tube and transported to the laboratory. The study population was divided into three groups, patients with normal whole blood potassium, patients with decreased whole blood potassium, and patients with elevated whole blood potassium. Potassium levels for each group were coupled with serum potassium levels and compared. Results:No significant difference in potassium values was observed between whole blood and serum samples (P<0.05). Strong associations were observed among the three groups (normal range, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia group). Compared to the normal group (r=0.851), the hyperkalemia group showed a stronger association between variables (r=0.897), and the hypokalemia group showed a weaker association (r=0.760). Their correlation coefficients were highly significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Our study illustrates that point-of-care testing using whole blood with whole blood can be a reliable screening tool when treating patients with suspicious potassium abnormality, especially in hyperkalemia patients.
Simple Maturation of Direct-Converted Hepatocytes Derived from Fibroblasts
조영덕,윤상태,강교진,김요한,이승범,서대관,류기영,정재민,최동호 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.5
Target cells differentiation techniques from stem cells are developed rapidly. Recently, direct conversion techniques are introduced in various categories. Unlike pluripotent stem cells, this technique enables direct differentiation into the other cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, insulin-producing cells, and hepatocytes without going through the pluripotent stage. However, the function of these converted cells reserve an immature phenotype. Therefore, we modified the culture conditions of mouse direct converted hepatocytes (miHeps) to mature fetal characteristics, such as higher AFP and lower albumin (ALB) expression than primary hepatocytes. First, we generate miHeps from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with two transcription factors HNF4a and Foxa3. These cells indicate typical epithelial morphology and express hepatic proteins. To mature hepatic function, DMSO is treated during culture time for more than 7 days. After maturation, miHeps showed features of maturation such as exhibiting typical hepatocyte-like morphology, increased up-regulated ALB and CYP enzyme gene expression, down-regulated AFP expressions, and acquired hepatic function over time. Thus, our data provides a simple method to mature direct converted hepatocytes functionally and these cells enable them to move closer to generating functional hepatocytes.