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허광렬,김정윤,최성혁,윤영훈,박성준,이의선 대한응급의학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.7 No.2
Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health concern due to its high prevalence and mortality rate among young people. We investigated the clinical and social characteristics of patients who visited the emergency department due to TBI in whom brain computed tomography, was performed by age. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 15,567 TBI patients who received a brain computed tomography evaluation at the emergency department of Korea University Hospital from March 2013 to February 2016. We divided patients into age groups by decade and analyzed factors such as sex, trauma mechanism, need for operation, hospitalization, and results of treatment. Results The mean age was 42.0±22.8 years; the most common age group was the 50s (16.5%). Except for the age group over 70 years, males predominated. Under 9 years of age, public ambulance usage rate was lower than in other age groups. Regarding severity based on the Glasgow Coma Scale score, the proportion of mild cases was higher in those under 9 years of age (99.3%) and the proportion of severe cases was higher in those in their 20s (4.6%). The most common injury mechanism was blunt trauma, followed by car accidents. For those under 9 years of age, falls were more common than in other age groups. Only 20.5% of TBI patients were hospitalized and 11.9% were treated surgically, while 70.6% of patients were discharged home after treatment. Conclusion TBI may present with different characteristics depending on the age of the patients, thus prevention policies and clinical practice should be tailored to age.
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Phenobarbital이 마우스의 酒精 代謝에 미치는 影響
許光烈 대한신경정신의학회 1982 신경정신의학 Vol.21 No.4
An attempt was made to observe the changes in the ethanol clearance rate and the activities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of ethanol after the administration of sodium phenobarbital a well known inducer of several enzymes. The results were as follows. 1. Alcohol dehydrogenase was distributed mainly in the liver and some activities were shown in the: stomach also, while aldehyde dehydrogenase showed high activities both in the liver and in the stomach. 2. Both the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were negligible at the time of birth, but increased with age reaching maximum at 4 weeks after birth for the alcolhol dehydrogenase and 6 weeks for the aldehyde dehydrogenase. The increments of enzyme activities were closely related with the rate of ethanol clearance. 3. Alcolhol dehydrogenase activities both in the liver and the stomach of mice treated with sodium phenobarbital for 4 weeks did not show significant changes, while aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in the liver increased almost two-fold. 4 . The rate of ethanol clearance was increased about 20% in sodium phenobarbital-treated group, which might be due to two-fold increase of aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in the liver.
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一側 黑質體破壤 白鼠에서 Apomorphine의 回轉運動效果에 미치는 中樞 Opiate 系의 影響
양원모,허광렬,곽용근,김기원,조규박,은홍배 의과학연구소 1991 全北醫大論文集 Vol.15 No.1
To investigate the role of dopamine receptors and possible involvement of brain opiate system in the apomorphine-induced rotational behavior of the substantia nigra-lesioned rats with 6-hydroxydopamine, affects of morphine and naloxone on the action of docpamine agonist or antagonist were examined. Rats were primed with apomorphine after denervation. 1. Apomorphine elicited dose-dependent contralateral cilcling behavior. Maximum development of supersensitivity to apomorphine was observed 4 weeks after denervation in apomorphine-primed rat. The ratatory effect of apomorphine was enhanced by subcutaneous morphine, but diminished by naloxone. 2. A selective D1 agonist, SKF 38393 or a selective D2 agonist LY 171555 induced rotatory behavior of substantia nigra-lesioned rats. Rotatory effect of subcutaneous SKF 38393 was not affected by morphine and naloxone, but the effect of subcutaneous SKF 38393 was potentiated by morphine and dinimished by naloxone. 3. Subcutaneous SCH 23390 or sulpiride decreased the rotatory effect of apomorphine. Naloxone potentiated this effect of SCH 23390, but did not affect the effect of sulpiride. 4. Administration of morphine into ipsilateral caudate nucleus potentiated the rotatory effect of SKF 38393 and LY 171555, while ipsilateral treatment of naloxone did not affect the effect of SKF 38393, but diminished the action of LY 171555. Otherwise, contralateral injection of naloxone did now affect the effect of SKF 38393, but potentiated the action of LY 171555. 5. Chronic administration of naloxone increased the rotatory effects of apormorphine, SKF 38393 and LY 171555. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug potentiated the effect of apomorphine. From the above results, it is suggested that the rotatory effect of apomorphine is due to both the activation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor, which are party moduated by brain opiate system.
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공현기,최기혁,허광렬,이광열,이형주,문병주,이선우 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2
Marking biocontrol bacteria is an essential step to monitor bacterial behavior in natural environments before application in agricultural ecosystem. In this study, we presented the simple green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter system driven by the promoter active in Bacillus species for tagging of the biocontrol bacteria. A constitutive promoter P43 from Bacillus subtilis was fused to an enhanced promoterless gfp gene by overlap extension PCR. The GFP expression was demonstrated by the high fluorescence intensity detected in B. subtilis and Escherichia coli transformed with the P43-gfp fusion construct, respectively. The GFP reporter system was further investigated in two bacterial biocontrol strains B. licheniformis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. When the reconstructed plasmid pWH34G was introduced into B. licheniformis, GFP level measured with the fluorescence intensity in B. licheniformis was almost equivalent to that in B. subtilis. However, GFP expression level was extremely low in other biocontrol bacteria P. fluorescens by transposon based stable insertion of the P43-gfp construct into the bacterial chromosome. This study provides information regarding to the efficient biomarker P43-gfp fusion construct for biocontrol Bacillus species.
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