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Diagnostic Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial DNA Allow Discrimination among Cervus elaphus Species
정환석,이효정,김영은,강문규,황승용,김지훈,정진욱,정인혁,김양석,배현수,홍무창,신민규 한국바이오칩학회 2009 BioChip Journal Vol.3 No.3
Velvet antlers from Cervus elaphus species are one of most famous and commonly used medicinal materials in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the variation in DNA sequences of the mitochondrial ATPase8 and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes of Cervus elaphus from China, the Republic of Altai, and Canada were evaluated. In addition, the sequence variation among Sika deer, Rein deer and Cervus elaphus species was also evaluated. Although the sequences of deer from the Republic of Altai and Canada were very similar, polymorphisms that were conserved in each species were observed in the ATPase8 and COI genes. Therefore, these polymorphic markers could be used to distinguish Cervus elaphus antlers from different locations.
정환석,SunHyokChang,이종현,김광준 한국전자통신연구원 2012 ETRI Journal Vol.34 No.6
Transmission performances of direct detection-based 100-Gb/s modulation formats are investigated and compared for metro area optical networks. The effects of optical signal-to-noise ratio sensitivity, chromatic dispersion, cross-channel nonlinearity, and transmission distance on the performance of differential 8-ary phase-shift keying (D8PSK), differential phase-shift keying plus three-level amplitude-shift keying (DPSK+3ASK), and dual-carrier differential quaternary phase-shift keying (DC-DQPSK) are evaluated. The performance of coherent dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) with block phase estimation and coherent DP-QPSK with digital differential detection are also presented for reference. According to our analysis, all three direct detection modulation formats could transmit a 100-Gb/s signal over several hundred kilometers of a single-mode fiber link. The results also show that DC-DQPSK outperforms D8PSK and DPSK+3ASK, and the performance of DC-DQPSK is comparable to that of coherent DP-QPSK with digital differential detection. The maximum transmission distance of DC-DQPSK is over 1,000 km, which is enough distance for metro applications.
정환석,김봉규,김광준 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.2
We compare the performance of a wavelength remodulated wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network implemented using Manchester-coded or inverse-return-to-zero (IRZ)-coded signal downstream and non-return-to-zero remodulated signal upstream. We investigate the effects of varying differences between downstream and upstream bit rates on the two coding schemes. When the bit rate ratio of upstream to downstream is less than or equal to 50%, the performance of Manchester coding is better than that of IRZ coding. However, when the bit rate ratio of upstream to downstream is higher than 50%, Manchester code requires appropriate time delay between upstream and downstream signals, whereas IRZ code needs reduced extinction ratio in the downstream signal.
정환석,나용욱,박찬성,이준기,Chung, HwanSeok,Ra, YongWook,Park, Chansung,Lee, Joon Ki 한국전자통신연구원 2020 전자통신동향분석 Vol.35 No.5
This paper reviews the recent trends in optical access technologies and their future directions. As the number of hyper-connected, ultra-low-latency, and hyper-realistic services increases, the wireless path has become shorter and the optical access network has become deeply penetrated into the end user. The optical access network continues to evolve through endless innovation via high-speed, ultra-low-latency, and abstraction/virtualization technologies.