비선형 측심기를 이용한 초고해상 천부음향탐사 : 오염퇴적층 구분과 해저케이블 매설 검측

정섬규(Seom-Kyu Jung),이용국(Yong-Kuk Lee),김성렬(Seong-Ryul Kim),오재경(Jae-Kyung Oh) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.34 No.8

천해역 선박 소음 자동 탐지를 위한 인공지능 기법 적용

김선효,정섬규,강돈혁,김미라,조성호 한국음향학회 2020 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

항행 선박의 시·공간적 모니터링 기술 연구는 연안 해양공간에서 해양 생태계 보호 및 효율적인 관리를 위해서중요하다. 본 연구에서는 실험해역에서 측정된 선박 소음 특징인 광대역 줄무늬 패턴 자료에 인공지능 기술을 적용하여항행하는 선박을 자동 탐지하는 연구를 수행하였다. 소음 스펙트럼 이미지와 선박의 항행정보를 수집하기 위한 해상시험은 2016년 7월 15일부터 26일까지 제주 남부 해역에서 실시되었고, 컨볼루션 신경망 모델은 수집된 이미지를 기반으로 학습, 교차검증 과정을 거쳐 최적화되었다. 선박 소음 자동 탐지 기법의 성능은 정밀도(0.936), 재현율(0.830), 평균정밀도(0.824) 그리고 정확도(0.949)로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 인공지능 기법을 활용하여 선박 소음의 자동 탐지 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안 및 향후 연구에 대하여 제안하였다. The study on the temporal and spatial monitoring of passing vessels is important in terms of protection and management the marine ecosystem in the coastal area. In this paper, we propose the automatic detection technique of passing vessel by utilizing an artificial intelligence technology and broadband striation patterns which are characteristic of broadband noise radiated by passing vessel. Acoustic measurements to collect underwater noise spectrum images and ship navigation information were conducted in the southern region of Jeju Island in South Korea for 12 days (2016.07.15-07.26). And the convolution neural network model is optimized through learning and validation processes based on the collected images. The automatic detection performance of passing vessel is evaluated by precision (0.936), recall (0.830), average precision (0.824), and accuracy (0.949). In conclusion, the possibility of the automatic detection technique of passing vessel is confirmed by using an artificial intelligence technology, and a future study is proposed from the results of this study.

Side scan sonar 해저면 음향영상을 이용한 동해 궁촌리 북부 연안의 홍수퇴적물 분포

이철구,정섬규,김성렬 한국지구과학회 2013 한국지구과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

To analyze the distribution pattern of flood sediment deposits near the mouth of Chucheoncheon (river), side scan sonar images and seafloor sediment properties were investigated in the offshore area within about 50 m deep in water. Based on the analysis result of the sonar images, the seafloor of the study area is divided into three areas of basement, sandy-mud, and dispersed flood sediment. The colors of sonar images in each area are represented by dark black, light grey, and greyish black, respectively. The sediment composition in the grey black area shows 33.73% of gravel, 62.88% of sand, 3.37% of silt, and 0.02% of clay. On the other hand, the composition of the light grey area is 10.31% of sand, 56.42% of silt, and 33.27% of clay. Especially the sediment of the grey black area contains the considerable amount of burned plant fragments in black color, which could distinctly be differentiated from those in the offshore. The distribution pattern of the flood sediment deposits suggests that the land-originated detrital sediments seem to be transported from the Chucheon river into offshore along the shore rather than transversely. In conclusion, the longshore current of the study area is probably dominant to affect the spatial distribution of bottom features. 추천천 하구 근처에 홍수퇴적물 분포 패턴을 분석하기위해, 측면주사소나(side scan sonar) 이미지와 해저퇴적물의 특성을 수심 50 m 이하 연안지역에서 조사하였다. 소나 이미지 분석을 바탕으로 연구 지역의 해저는 기반암, 모래질펄, 홍수퇴적물 분포지역, 3개 지역으로 구분된다. 각 지역의 측면주사소사 이미지의 색상은 아주 검은 색, 비교적 밝은색, 그리고 암회색으로 표시된다. 해저퇴적물은 암회색 지역에서 자갈 33.73%, 모래 62.88%, 실트 3.37%, 점토 0.02%이고, 모래질 펄 지역에서 모래 10.31%, 실트 56.42%, 점토 33.27%로 분석되었다. 특히 암회색 지역의 퇴적물은 다량의 불에 탄 식물 조각편을 포함하고 있어 주변 연안에서 관찰할 수 있는 퇴적물과는 뚜렷한 차이를 보인다. 홍수퇴적물의 분포 형태는 추천천 하구에서 해양으로 해안선에 수직하게 분포하지 않고, 연안을 따라서 분포되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 연구 지역의 연안류의 흐름이 해저퇴적상의 공간적 분포 형태에 지배적으로 영향을 주었다.

동해에서 지구 물리 이종방법간의 결합시스템을 활용한 침선 수색의 효용성 연구

유이선,장남도,정섬규,이승훈,이철구,김선효,조진형 한국해양과학기술원 2023 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.44 No.4

When the 60-ton-class patrol boat ‘72’ of the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) was on duty and she accidentally collided with another patrol boat (‘207’, 200-ton-class) and sank. A month-long search found a small amount of lost items, but neither the crew nor the ship was found. For the first time in 39 years since the accident, the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) searched the boat 72 using the latest integrated geophysical techniques. A number of sonar images presumed to be of a sunken ship was acquired using a combined system of side scan sonar and marine magnetometer, operated at an altitude of approximately 30 m from the seabed. At the same time, a strong magnetic anomaly (100 nT) was detected in one place, indicating the presence of an iron ship. A video survey using a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) confirmed the presence of a shielding part of a personal firearm at the stern of the sunken vessel. Based on these comprehensive data, the sunken vessel discovered in this exploration was assumed to be ‘72’. This result is meaningful in terms of future ocean exploration and underwater archaeology, as the integrated system of various geophysical methods is an efficient means of identifying objects present in the water.

무인해상자율로봇(Wave Glider)을 이용한 해양관측 현황

손영백,모태준,정섬규,황재동,오현주,김상현,유주형,조진형,Son, Young Baek,Moh, Taejun,Jung, Seom-Kyu,Hwnag, Jae Dong,Oh, Hyunju,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Ryu, Joo-Hyung,Cho, Jin Hyung 대한원격탐사학회 2018 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

해양을 관측하는 작업 중에서 무인자율수상체계를 활용한 관측은 장거리 원거리 이동하여 해양재난, 재해 발생 해역 관측 및 악천우에서도 관측이 가능해졌다. 그리고 제한된 관측 영역 외 광역의 해역에서 발생한 현상을 연계하여 종합적으로 분석하는 융합기술들이 개발되고 있다. Wave Glider는 대표적인 무인자율수상체계 중 하나로, 파도에 의한 상하 움직임으로 전진하며 장거리 기동이 가능하고 위성통신을 통하여 자율적으로 이동하는 이동형 부이체계로 기존 관측의 한계를 극복하는 차세대 관측체계로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2016년과 2017년 두 차례 중국 기원 저염분수 영향이 발생하는 하계에 제주를 포함하는 동중국해에서 관측을 수행하였다. 하계 동중국해 해역에서 발생한 고수온 현상과 저염분수와의 관계를 파악하기 위해서 광역(위성) 감시망과 국지적(Wave Glider) 감시망을 이용하여 관측을 수행했다. 그리고 동중국해에 영향을 준 태풍 또한 두 감시망에서 실시간 영향을 관측했다. 이것은 최근 개발되는 무인수상체계가 높은 내구성과 자율무인 체계로 인하여 다양한 해양환경에서 장기간 관측이 가능해지면서 다른 감시망과 연동하여 종합적이고 효율적인 관측체계를 구축하게 되었다. An unmanned autonomous maritime surface system can move the vehicle to the areas for observing the ocean accidents, disasters, and severe weather conditions. Detection and monitoring technologies have been developed by the converging of the regional and local surveillance system. Wave Glider, one of the autonomous maritime surface systems, is ocean-wave propelled autonomous surface vehicle and controlled using Iridium satellite communication. In this study, we carried out two-time Wave Glider observations for 2016 and 2017 summer in the East China Sea that the area was influenced by low-salinity water. We observed the sea surface warming effect due to the low-salinity water using the regional (satellite) and local (Wave Glider) surveillance system. We also monitored the effect of the typhoon and understood the change of the ocean-atmosphere environments in real-time. New unmanned surface system with autonomous system and high endurance structure can measure comprehensively and usefully a long observation in complicated ocean environments because of connecting with other surveillance systems.

Contents and Stable Isotopic Compositions of Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in the Surface Sediment of Two Coastal Bays in Korea

현상민,이태희,정섬규 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean science journal Vol.46 No.4

Surface sediment from the coastal bays of Gwangyang and Masan in South Korea were analyzed for their contents and isotopic values of organic carbon and total nitrogen. The sources and diagenetic alteration of organic matter were also assessed. Total organic carbon varied from 0.22% to 3.48% (average = 1.40%, n = 75), and C/N ratios varied from 2.4 to 15.2 (average = 8.79, n = 75). δ^(13)C_(org) ranged from -19.92‰ to -25.86‰ (average = -21.21‰,n = 75), and δ^(15)N_(TN) ranged from 8.57‰ to 3.93‰ (average = 6.49‰, n = 75). Total organic carbon in both areas was associated with grain-size, with higher contents in finer grained sediment. The high carbon content observed in Masan Bay sediment correlated with its higher C/N ratio. δ^(13)C_(org) and δ^(15)N_(TN) varied widely, attributable to various influences such as the input of terrestrial organic matter and diagenetic alteration. The depleted δ^(13)C_(org)and higher δ^(15)N_(TN) observed in the sediment of Gwangyang Bay reflected terrestrial supply, implying that biogeochemical processes, i.e. bacterial degradation, were more active in Masan Bay sediment, which showed less depleted δ^(13)C_(org) and higher δ^(15)N_(TN) than Gwangyang Bay sediment. δ^(15)N_(TN) was the more useful indicator of biogeochemical processes in the highly anoxic sediment. These results indicate that the δ^(13)C_(org) and δ^(15)N_(TN) of sedimentary organic matter in coastal bays can indicate the source and degree of diagenetic alteration of sedimentary organic matter.

황해 경기만 남부해역에 발달된 층면구조의 형태적 특징과 제어 요인

금병철,신동혁,이용국,오재경,정섬규 한국지구과학회 2010 한국지구과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Morphological surveys of southern Gyeonggi Bay in the Yellow Sea were conducted for2 years (2006 and 2007) by using multibeam echosounder for investigating the morphological features of bedforms. The subaqueous dunes are shown in various shapes (A~F type) and continuous spectrum of heights and lengths of transverse-to-current dunes on the wide range of sedimentary types. The height-length power-law correlation of dunes is Hmean=0.0393L 0.8984 (r=0.66). The comparison between Flemming (1988)’s correlation and height-length correlation of this study indicates that the subaqueous dunes in the study area are equilibrated in the present hydrological and sedimentary environment. The major controlling factors to thedevelopment and maintenance of subaqueous dunes are both strong tidal currents and the abundant availability of sand. Marine sand mining, artificial impact, changes from the original shape to an irregular shape of the subaqueous dunes with a shorter wavelength and lower height, which has influence on the development and maintenance of bedform because it causes a decrease of the availability of sediment. Water depth and sedimentary characteristics, and othercontrolling factors seem to play limited roles in the development and maintenance of subaqueous dunes. 황해 경기만 남부 지역에 분포하는 층면구조의 형태특징을 조사하기 위하여, 다중빔음향측심기를 이용한 지형조사가 2년(2006과 2007)에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 경기만 남부의 층면구조는 다양한 퇴적상 위에 연속적인 스펙트럼의 크기와 다양한 형태의 수중사구(A-F type)가 발달하고 있다. 경기만 남부 지역에 발달된 수중사구의 파장과 파고의 관계식은 Hmean=0.0393L 0.8984 (r=0.66)로 나타나고 있다. Flemming(1988)의 파장-파고 관계식과 연구지역의 관계식의 비교를 통해서 조석우세환경인 연구지역에 분포하는 수중사구는 현재 수리적, 퇴적학적 환경에 평형된 상태로 활발하게 발달되어있고 강한 조류와 풍부한 퇴적물 유용도에 의해서 발달, 유지되고 있음을 보이고 있다. 또한 인위적인 작용인 해사채취는 층면구조를 파장이 짧고 낮은 파고의 불규칙형태로 바꾸며 퇴적물 유용도를 감소시켜 수중사구 발달에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 다른 제어요인인 수심과 입도는 경기만 남부지역의 수중사구의 발달과 유지에 크게 기여하지못한 것으로 판단된다.

경기만 남부에 발달된 해저지형의 형태적 특징 및 해사채취에 의한 변화

금병철,신동혁,장남도,정섬규,장석,오재경 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.4

This study conducted sedimentological and geophysical surveys for 3 years (2006-2008) in southern Gyeonggi Bay, Korea to elucidate temporal changes in subaqueous dune morphology on a sand ridge trending northeast to southwest that has been excavated by marine sand mining. The sand ridge (~20 m in height, ~2 km in width and 3~4 km in length) has a steep slope on the NW side and a gentle slope on the SE side, creating an asymmetric profile. Large (10~100 m in length) and very large (>100 m in length)dunes occurring on the SE side of the ridge show a northeastward asymmetrical shape, whereas dunes on the NW side destroyed by marine sand mining display a southwestward asymmetry. The comparison between Flemming (1988)’s correlation and the height-length correlation of this study indicates that tidal current and availability of sand sediment are major controlling factors to the development and maintenance of dunes. Depth and sedimentary characteristics (grain size) are not likely to be major controlling factors, but indirectly influence dune growth by hydrological and sedimentary processes. The length and the height of dunes decrease toward the southeastern trough away from the crest of the ridge. These features result from the decrease of tidal current and sediment availability. The length and the height of dunes on the southeast side decrease gradually over time. This is a result of the interaction between tidal current and the decrease in sediment availability due to sediment extraction by marine sand mining. Marine sand mining has destroyed the dunes directly, causing irregular shapes of shorter length and lower height. The coarse fraction of suspended sediments is transported and deposited very close to the sand pit. By contrast, relatively fine sediments are transported by the tidal current and deposited over a wide range by the settling-lag effect, resulting in a decrease of sediment grain size in the area where suspended sediments are deposited. In addition, marine sand mining, decreases the height of dunes. Therefore, morphological and sedimentological characteristics of dunes around the sand pits will be significantly changed by future sand mining activities.

서해 천해환경에서 단상태 해저면 후방산란강도 측정

손우주,손수욱,최지웅,조성호,정섬규,Son, Wuju,Son, Su-Uk,Choi, Jee Woong,Cho, Sungho,Jung, Seom-Kyu 한국음향학회 2015 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.34 No.6

한국해양과학기술원과 한양대학교가 2013년 5월 서해 경기만 남부의 연안해역에서 공동으로 수행한 해양음향 실험에서 주파수 6 ~ 14 kHz에 대한 해저면 후방산란강도 측정이 실시되었다. 실험해역의 지질 환경 특성은 다중빔 음향측심기, 스파커, 그랩을 이용하여 조사되었으며, 이로부터 정밀 해저지형 및 해저면 하부지층 구조, 표층 퇴적물 구성성분에 대한 자료를 획득하였다. 본 논문에서는 수평입사각 $28^{\circ}{\sim}69^{\circ}$에 대한 해저면 후방산란강도 결과를 도출하여 람베르트 법칙(Lambert's law) 및 APL-UW 산란 모델과 비교하였다. 또한 실험해역의 해양물리/지형학적 특성을 고려하여 해저면 후방산란 특성에 영향을 미치는 지음향 인자들에 대한 토의를 수행하였다. Measurements of bottom backscattering strengths in a frequency range of 6-14 kHz were made on the shallow water off the southern Gyeonggi Bay in Yellow Sea in May 2013, as part of the KIOST-HYU joint acoustics experiment. Geological surveys for the experimental area were performed using multi-beam echo sounder, sparker system, and grab sampling to investigate the bottom topography, sub-bottom profile and composition of surficial sediment, respectively. In this paper, the backscattering strengths as a function of grazing angle (in range of $28^{\circ}{\sim}69^{\circ}$) were estimated and compared to the predictions obtained by Lambert's law and APL-UW scattering model. Finally, the effects of geoacoustic parameters corresponding to the experimental area on the backscattering strengths are discussed.

Right-lateral Strike-slip Movement of the South Korea Plateau Associated with the Opening of the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

최동림,김한준,주형태,정섬규,이용국,이태희 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean science journal Vol.48 No.1

Multi-channel seismic profiles and swath bathymetric data were used to investigate the tectonic evolution of the South Korea Plateau (SKP) associated with the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea). The SKP is a deformed fragment of continental crust with numerous horsts and sediment-filled grabens. Three sedimentary units in the plateau were identified, which consist of the lower sequence (Unit I) interpreted as syn-rifting deposition during the early to middle Miocene, and the middle and upper sequences (Units II and III) considered as post-rifting deposition since the late Miocene. The fault system in the SKP includes the South Korea Plateau Fault (SKPF) trending NNW-SSE and smaller en echelon normal faults oriented NE-SW. We interpreted the information to postulate that the formation of the SKPF is the result of divergent right-lateral strike-slip movement in the SKP. This study suggests that the dextral movement of the SKP was induced by WSW-ward propagation of the spreading center located in the Japan Basin from the early to middle Miocene times.