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전인상 대한소아혈액종양학회 2016 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.23 No.2
Neuroblastoma, one of the most common solid tumors in early childhood, exhibits aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns. In neuroblastoma, disialoganglioside (GD2) is expressed homogeneously and abundantly on 100% of neuroblastoma cells. GD2 is a good tumor marker for developing an anti-tumor-monoclonal antibody (mAb) to neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy, using anti-GD2-mAb, has been tried since last 20 years to improve the prognosis of high risk neuroblastoma patients who show a 5-year survival rate of less than 30% regardless of an intense multimodal therapy. Since the first clinical trial of murine anti-GD2-mAb 3F8 had been performed, multiple clinical studies showed that anti-GD2-mAb might improve the prognosis of high risk neuroblastoma patients. Anti-GD2-mAb removes the neuroblastoma cells via apoptosis by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. To elicit a stronger ADCC response to antibody therapy, cytokines such as, GM-CSF and interleukin-2 are concomitantly administered, which stimulate the natural anti-tumor activity of the immune system. Children’s Oncology Group performed a study of chimeric anti-GD2-mAb (ch14.18) administration with GM-CSF, IL-2 for high risk neuroblastoma patients and showed the improvement of overall survival rate. Based on this study US FDA approved the chimeric anti-GD2-mAb (commercially manufactured dinutuximab) for the treatment of high risk neuroblastoma. Dinutuximab is the the first mAb for use in combination of cytokines for the maintenance treatment of pediatric patients with high risk neuroblastoma who achieve at least a partial response to intensified multimodal therapy. The first anti-tumor-mAb used for children, dinutuximab, could be the base of further development of mAb against the cancers in childhood.
전인상 대한소아혈액종양학회 2018 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.25 No.1
To date, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only choice of therapy for most patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Relapse remains a major problem. Approximately 90% of patients carry either somatic or germline mutations of genes participating in RAS signal transduction such as PTPN11, CBL, K-RAS, N-RAS, or NF1 in their leukemic cells, allowing an understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of JMLL and the development of novel drugs. As these genetic aberrations are mutually exclusive, the genetic change observed in JMML helps us to establish the diagnosis of JMML. Furthermore, the genetic abnormalities of JMML are an important prognostic factor, as the type of abnormality may determine disease progression. Recent studies have revealed a strong association between hypermethylation of some genes and already known poor prognostic factors such as older age, elevated fetal hemoglobin at diagnosis, and somatic mutation of PTPN11. These molecular characteristics may be the basis for a guideline to determine the treatment, especially when to proceed with HSCT. Recently, novel drugs have been used based on these molecular characteristics. 5-Azacitidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase and tipifarnib, a selective farnesyl transferase inhibitor, have been used to improve the outcome of JMML. In addition, drugs which inhibit the RAS signal transduction have been developed, which are less toxic and will improve outcome in the near future.
신경섬유종증 제 1형에 동반한 소뇌 모양세포 성상세포종 1례
전인상,김정선,김지혜*,김나래* 대한소아청소년과학회 2004 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.47 No.4
Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders, clinically characterized by café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules and neurofibromas. In addition, the affected individuals usually develop benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system. One of the most common tumors is the optic nerve glioma. NF1-associated glioma, however, rarely occurs in the cerebellum. Recently, we experienced a NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma in an 11 years old girl. She has a family history of NF1 and multiple café-au-lait spots over her whole body. We report herewith a case of NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with a brief review of related literature. 저자들은 가족력이 있는 신경섬유종증 제 1형 환아에서 소뇌 모양세포 성상세포종이 발생한 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.