방효유(方孝孺) 정통론(正統論)의 철학사적 의의

이진명 ( Lee¸ Jin Myung ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2021 中國硏究 Vol.88 No.-

This study is planned to find out the meaning of Orthodox Theory or one of China’s own historical philosophies by analyzing the background and contents of Fang Xiaoru(方孝孺, 1357-1402)’s orthodox theory. The orthodox theory is the historical philosophy which has been developed for long period of time based on many philosophical concepts including cultural discourses, Sino(華)-Barbarian(夷) dichotomy, theories of morality and Daotong discourses which are the standard for the study of history which has been passed down from ancient times in China. Especially, Fang Xiaoru’s Orthodox theory creates the concept of Zhengtong(正統, rightful succession), Futong(附統, semi-fulfilled succession) and Biantong(變統, variable succession) by compromising orthodox theory of Ouyang Xiu(歐陽修, 1007-1072) and those of Ming Dynasty’s main philosophers such as Wang Yi(王禕, 1322-1373), Hu Han(胡翰, 1307-1381). As Fang Xiaoru's theory has moved the viewpoint from the situational perspective to the moral perspective, it is very excellent with its effect being profound. In his theory, there are more than the fact that Fang Xiaoru’s Orthodox theory was affected by Ouyang Xiu as well as Jinhua Chengzhu Confucianism in the period of early Ming Dynasty. He tried to find out the common ground in the conflicting "Righteousness and Hegemony" and “Moral and Profit” debate made by Zhu Xi and Chen Liang. Fang Xiaoru took advantage of Zhu Xi’s metaphysical moralism and Chen Liang’s piecemeal social engineering to classify the features of dynasties into rightful succession and variable succession and then, add one more concept called the Futong, thus granting the status of legitimacy to Han, Tang and Song dynasties. Fang Xiaoru’s orthodox theory succeeds in its philosophical planning for the long-term historical navigation under the confusing period of early Ming dynasty period by setting the legitimacy status to Han, Tang and Song dynasties from the perspective of realism while not damaging the idealism which was based on the metaphysical moralism during three previous dynasties such as Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

반월상 연골판 단독 파열군에서 하지 역학축에 대한 분석

박세진 ( Se Jin Park ),정화재 ( Hwa Jae Jeong ),신헌규 ( Hun Kyu Shin ),김유진 ( Eu Gene Kim ),최재열 ( Jae Yeol Choi ),이진명 ( Jin Myung Lee ) 대한슬관절학회 2009 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the relationship between meniscal tear and the alignment of the lower limb. Materials and Methods: Between Oct 2006 and Jun 2008, 125 patients aged 55 year or less with isolated meniscal tear and who were examined arthroscopically were included in this study. The patients had no severe lesion (ulceration or defect) of cartilage or ligamentous injuries. 21 individuals who had no abnormal findings on MRI were selected as the control group. The patients were divided into the complete discoid lateral meniscus, incomplete discoid lateral meniscus, lateral semilunar meniscus and medial semilunar meniscus groups and they were subdivided according to gender and whether there was an obvious history of trauma. The varus percentage was defined as a percentage of the width from where the mechanical axis passes the level of the tibial articular surface to the middle of the tibial articular surface on the orthoroentgenogram of the lower leg. Each individual`s varus percentage was expressed as the mean of the measurements taken by three observers. The comparisons were done using the Wilcox Signed Ranks Test and the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: There was no significant difference between the involved knee and the contralateral normal knee in terms of the varus percentage in all the groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in each group according to the history of trauma, a complete discoid lateral meniscus, an incomplete discoid lateral meniscus, a lateral semilunar meniscus and a medial semilunar meniscus. However, there was a significantly greater varus percentage for the medial semilunar meniscus group without a history of trauma. Conclusion: There was a statistical relationship between tears on the medial semilunar meniscus without a history of trauma and genu varum. Tears on a complete discoid lateral meniscus, incomplete discoid lateral meniscus and lateral semilunar meniscus had a little relationship with the mechanical axis of the lower leg.

과학기술자와의 인터뷰가 과학 진로 지향 및 과학자 이미지에 미치는 영향

전화영 ( Hwa Young Jeon ),이진명 ( Jin Myung Lee ),홍훈기 ( Hun Gi Hong ) 한국과학교육학회 2008 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.28 No.4

음파진동기와 스위스볼을 이용한 허리안정화운동이 근육두께와 수축시간에 미치는 영향

김용수 ( Yong Su Kim ),이진명 ( Jin Myung Lee ),박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),박혜리 ( Hyery Park ),최민주 ( Min Ju Choi ),김세광 ( Se Gwang Kim ),양회송(교신저자) ( Hoe Song Yang ),정찬주 ( Chan Joo Jeong ),유영대 ( Young Dae Yoo ),전현주 대한통합의학회 2016 대한통합의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the muscle thickness and contraction time using sound wave vibrator and swiss ball. Methods : This study was performed on 20 subjects. 20 subjects were divided into two groups; Lumbar stability exercise using sound wave vibrator exercise(n=10)(Group1), Lumbar stability exercise using Swiss ball exercise(n=10)(Group2). Both of the group performed the exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before and after difference of factors on each group and the Independent t-test to compare the between groups. Results : Both group were increased muscle contracture time on Straight Leg Rise(SLR) test (p<0.05). It means both group were increased lumbar stability. However, by comparing the between groups, there were no statistically significant difference about muscle thickness of multifidus and transverse abdominal.(p>0.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, we suggest that the sound wave vibrator may be effective exercise tool for lumbar stability exercise like a swiss ball.

동종건을 이용한 관절경적 전방십자인대 재건술에서 남아있는 조직의 보존

정화재 ( Hwa Jae Jeong ),신헌규 ( Hun Kyu Shin ),이진명 ( Jin Myung Lee ),최규보 ( Kyu Bo Choi ),전병삼 ( Byeong Sam Jeon ) 대한슬관절학회 2010 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.22 No.3

목적: 동종 아킬레스건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술에서 파열된 인대의 잔류조직을 보존하는 방법의 임상 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 4월부터 2007년 6월까지 동종 아킬레스건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술을 시행한 환자들 중 수술 후 12개월 이상 추시 관찰이 되었던 26명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들을 남아있는 조직 보존 여부에 따라 잔류조직 보존군과 잔류조직 제거군 두 군으로 나누었다. 수술 후 pivot-shift 검사, 전방 전위 검사(Telos anterior stress test), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scale, Lysholm score 및 편측 하지 지지검사(single limb standing test)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 두 군 사이에서 기계적인 안정성 및 IKDC scale과 Lysholm score에서 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 남아있는 조직의 보존한 군에서 건측 하지와 환측 하지의 편측 하지 지지 검사는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 남아있는 조직을 보존한 군이 1.1±0.8 cm, 남아있는 조직을 제거한 군이 1.8±1.2 cm로 편측 하지 지지 검사 결과 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.04). 결론: 동종 아킬레스 인대를 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술은 슬관절 안정성 및 기능 회복에 좋은 결과를 보여주었으며, 남아있는 조직을 보존하는 것은 고유수용감각 회복에 도움을 주는 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical usefulness of remnant preservation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Achilles tendon graft. Materials and Methods: Between April 2004 and June 2007, 26 patients who were followed up for at least 12 months after ACL reconstruction with Achilles tendon were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to whether the remnant was preserved. The post-reconstruction state was evaluated using pivot-shift test, Telos anterior stress test, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scale, Lysolm score and single limb standing test. Results: No statistically significant differences in mechanical stability and mean values of IKDC scale and Lysholm test between the two groups were present. In single limb standing test, the remnant-preserving group showed 1.1±0.8 cm and the remnant sacrificing group showed 1.8±1.2 cm (p=0.04). However, there were no significant differences between the injured knee and the intact knee in the group which the remnant was preserved. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using allo Achilles graft showed satisfactory results in terms of stability and function. Preserving the tibial remnant seems to be helpful to restore knee joint proprioception.

부패 시신의 신원확인을 위한 DNA 분석 조직의 비교 및 검증: 발톱 부위별 조직과 늑연골 조직 비교를 중심으로

정종근(Jung Jong Keun),임상범(Lim Sang Beom),조우철(Cho Woo-Cheol),손현지(Son Hyun Ji),이민호(Lee Min Ho),이진명(Lee Jin Myung),신상철(Shin Sang Cheul) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2021 경찰학연구 Vol.21 No.3

변사사건에서 변사자의 신원확인은 수사에 중요한 요소이나 부패로 외형적 확인이 불가능한 경우 다양한 방법을 통해 신원확인이 이루어진다. 하지만 다른 조직에 비해 부패가 느리게 진행되는 대퇴골, 골편, 치아와 같은 조직들은 전처리 과정을 거쳐야 하므로 신원확인이 다소 지연된다. 본 연구에서는 2021년 1월에서 6월까지 부검의뢰 된 부패된 시신 12구의 발톱 부위별 조직과 늑연골 조직의 DNA 농도, 분해지수, DNA형 검출 빈도를 비교하였다. DNA 정제에 사용한 조직 무게는 0.05g ~ 0.33g이며, DNA를 추출 후 정량하였을 때 12구 중 11구의 발톱 부위별의 모든 조직에서 DNA가 추출되었다. DNA 분해지수를 비교 시 발톱 부위별 조직과 늑연골 조직의 평균값이 2 이하로 검출되었으며 DNA형 분석에서도 발톱의 조체 조직 11개와 늑연골 조직이 동일한 값으로 검출되었다. 부패된 시신의 부검 후 신원확인에 의뢰되는 조직 중 전처리가 필요한 뼈 조직은 신원확인용 감정물 중 상당 부분을 차지하고 DNA 분석의 전처리 과정에 많은 시간이 소요되는데, 이를 전처리 과정이 필요 없는 발톱의 조체 조직으로 대체 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 늑연골 조직에 비해 간단히 채취할 수 있는 발톱 조직을 사용한다면 변사 사건 중 부검하지 않는 부패된 시신의 신원확인을 위해 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다. Identification of unknown dead bodies is an essential element for investigation of death cases. In particular, there are a lot of cases with corpses visually(physically) unidentifiable due to decomposition, thus several different kinds of methods are being used for identification of decomposed dead bodies. However, tissues such as femurs, bone fragments, and teeth, which decay more slowly than other tissues, have to undergo a pre-treatment process, which delays the identification. In this study, the DNA concentration, degradation index, and detection frequency of DNA profiles were compared in the toenail tissues (nail-root, nail-bed, and nail-free-edge) and the costal cartilage tissues of 12 decomposed corpses requested for autopsy from January to June 2021. The weight of the tissue used for DNA purification was 0.05 g ~ 0.33 g. After DNA extraction and quantification, DNA was successfully extracted from all the tissues except for one toenail tissue. Most of the DNA degradation index values of toenail tissues and costal cartilage tissues were measured to be 2 or less, and the DNA profiles showed the concordant results between the 11 nail-bed tissues and the 11 costal cartilage tissues. After autopsy of decomposed bodies, a large portion of the tissues requested for identification requires pre-treatment process, which leads to take a lot of time for DNA analysis. Here we have confirmed the possibility of replacing those tissues with nail-bed tissues that does not require a pre-treatment process. Furthermore, if toenail tissues, which can be easily collected compared to costal cartilages, are used, it will be useful for identification of decomposed bodies from death cases that are not autopsied.

Rh 혈액형의 유전자형 분석기법 연구: 모세관 전기영동을 활용한 법과학적 응용

조우철(Cho, Woo Cheol),김정용(Kim, Jeong Yong),조윤정(Cho, Yoon Jung),박지환(Park, Ji Hwan),이동섭(Lee, Dong Sub),이진명(Lee, Jin Myung) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2021 경찰학연구 Vol.21 No.4

지금까지 법과학 분야에서 주로 사용되는 혈액형 분석법은 ABO 혈액형 분석으로 미제 사건 발생 시 불특정 다수의 용의자 중 범위를 좁히고자 할 때 활용된다. 인종에 따라 Rh혈액형의 분포는 큰 차이를 보이는데, 동양인 집단에 속하는 대한민국의 Rh-혈액형 분포가 1% 이내로 상대적으로 희귀하며, 서양의 경우 Rh-혈액형이 상대적으로 빈번하게 나타난다. 이러한 특성은 ABO 혈액형 분석법과 더불어 Rh 혈액형 분석법의 개발이 더욱 필요해질 것으로 보여진다. 이에 비해 법과학 분야에서는 DNA 단위에서의 ABO 혈액형의 유전자형 분석은 가능하지만, Rh 혈액형의 유전자형 분석에 관한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 모세관 전기영동을 활용한 Rh 혈액형의 유전자형 분석기법을 마련하고 현장 증거물 적용에 대한 가능성을 파악해보고자 했다. 총 19명의 Rh 혈액형 대상자의 구강내 상피세포 DNA를 추출하여 Rh 혈액형의 핵심 유전자인 RHD의 엑손 5, 7, 10을 확인했다. 10명의 Rh 양성 대상자로부터 추출한 DNA에서 RHD 유전자 엑손 5, 7, 10은 모두 양성으로 확인되었고, 9명의 Rh 음성 대상자로부터 추출한 DNA에서 RHD 유전자 엑손 5, 7, 10은 Rh 음성 7번 시료를 제외하고 모두 음성으로 확인되었다. Rh 혈액형에 대한 혈청학적 판별과 유전자형 분석 결과는 서로 일치했다. 하지만 RHD 변이형으로 추측되는 7번 시료는 혈청학적으로 Rh 음성으로 판별되었지만, 유전자형 분석에서 양성으로 확인되었다. DNA 농도별 구간을 0.0625 ng/μL ~ 0.5 ng/μL로 설정하여 유전자형 분석기법의 민감도를 확인했고, 모든 구간에서 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 혈청학적 판별과 유전자형 분석기법 간의 유의성를 확인했고, 유전자형 분석기법이 현장 증거물에서 추출한 DNA에 적용 가능한 수준의 민감도를 확인했다. RHD 변이형에서 나타난 유전자형 분석기법의 한계점을 파악하여 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 보여진다. The Rh blood group, along with the ABO blood group, has been actively studied in clinical medicine as it can induce a serious immune response during blood donation. On the other hand, it is possible to analyze the ABO blood group genotype in the forensic science field, but forensic approach on the Rh blood group genotype is very scarce. Therefore, we tried to prepare a genotype method for Rh blood group using capillary electrophoresis and to elucidate the possibility of applying casework evidence sample through this study. Exons 5, 7, and 10 of RHD gene, a key factor for Rh blood group, were identified by extracting buccal swab DNA from 19 Rh blood group subjects. Exon 5, 7, and 10 of RHD gene were confirmed to be positive in Rh-positive group (10 subjects), and exon 5, 7, and 10 of RHD gene were confirmed as negative in Rh-negative group (9 subjects) except for Rh-negative sample no. 7. The results of serological discrimination and genotyping for Rh blood group were consistent with each other. However, Rh-negative sample no. 7, which is speculated to be a RHD variant, was serologically identified as Rh-negative, but was confirmed as positive by genotyping. The sensitivity of the genotyping method was confirmed by serial diluted DNA concentration ranged from 0.0625 ng/μL to 0.5 ng/μL, and peak height of RHD loci was significant in all concentration section. Consequently, the significance between serological discrimination and genotyping was confirmed, and the sensitivity of the genotype method was also confirmed. It seems that further research is required by overcoming the limitations of the genotype method shown in the RHD variant.

환자복의 착용실태 및 기능성에 관한 연구 : 서울시내 종합병원을 중심으로

조은경,박해순,김현경,김진경,이진명,송근옥,정미혜,안명미,이승진,배선민,김윤미,윤영남 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1987 婦學 Vol.20 No.-