국소성 분절성 사구체 신병증의 동물 모델 (FGS/kist 생쥐) 신 조직의 유전자 발현 양상

강희경,이병섭,이철호,하일수,정해일,최용,Kang, Hee-Gyung,Lee, Byong-Sop,Lee, Chul-Ho,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae-Il,Choi, Yong 대한소아신장학회 2011 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.15 No.1

목 적: 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증(Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 이하 FSGS)은 소아신부전의 원인 중 가장 흔한 사구체 질환이다. 일차성 FSGS의 병인은 아직 알려져 있지 않으므로, 저자들은 FSGS의 동물 모델을 대상으로 cDNA 마이크로어레이를 이용한 유전자 발현 양상 분석을 통하여 유전자 발현 수준에서의 FSGS의 질환의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법: 사람의 일차성 FSGS와 유사한 질병경과를 보이는 동물모델인 FGS/kist 생쥐의 신피질 조직을 대조군 생쥐(FGS/kist 생쥐의 조상 strain인 RFM/kist 생쥐)와 AB 1700 mouse chip을 이용한 마이크로어레이 실험으로 비교하였다. 결 과: FGS 질병특이 유전자가 62개 추출되었다. 이들은 세포주기/사멸, 면역반응과 지질 대사/혈관 질환과 관련된 유전자들로써, 유전자간 network의 중심유전자가 면역반응(TNF, IL-6/4, IFNg)과 세포사멸 조절 유전자(TP 53), 그리고 지질대사의 중요 유전자인 PPARG이었다. 결 론: 이 연구에서 저자들은 자발적인 FSGS의 임상경과를 보이는 FGS/Kist 생쥐의 신장조직의 유전자 발현의 분석을 통하여 신장세포사멸과 면역반응에 뒤따르는 기질 섬유화, 그리고 지질 대사의 이상과 조기 혈관 질환이 FSGS의 병태생리에 기여할 것임을 다시 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적인 연구가 계속된다면 global transcriptome profiling 기법으로 병인 탐색 및 치료방법 개발 에 의미 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.

서민의 “굴신”(subject-ing)의식 : 『그들 눈은 신을 보고 있었다』

이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2007 현대영미소설 Vol.14 No.3

The Potential ‘O-GlcNAc-P’om’

Il Soo Moon(문일수),HyunSook Lee(이현숙),Hyung Jong Lee(이형종) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

O-GlcNAc 화(O-GlcNAcylation)는 단백질의 serine이나 threonine에 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 분자가 결합하는 것으로, 기존의 당단백질과 달리 세포질 및 핵단백질 모두에 일어난다. 또한 수정의 속도가 빠르고 가역적으로 일어남이 인산화 수식과 유사하다. 그러나 수많은 인산화효소와 탈인산화효소가 관여하는 것과 달리 O-GlcNAc 수식은 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)와 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 단 두 개의 효소에 의하여 이루어진다. 이러한 단순한 조절기전은 세포가 내외환경에 즉시 적응할 수 있도록 진화한 것으로 해석된다. 즉, O-GlcNAc 수식은 특정한 단백질 하나 하나의 활성을 켜거나 끄는 것이 아니라, 세포의 신호전달과정의 효율을 전반적으로 조절하는 ‘가변저항기(rheostat)’ 역할을 한다. O-GlcNAc 수식은 흔히 같은 아미노산 혹은 그 주변의 아미노산이 인산화되는 것을 수반하는데, 이는 인산화와 함께 서로 조화를 이루어 세포활성을 조절하는 것으로 해석된다. 최근 O-GlcNAc이 더 나아가 O-GlcNAc-P로 인산화될 가능성이 제시되고 있는 바, 본 총설에서는 이의 가능성을 이론적으로 설명하고, 실제 실험결과를 소개한다. The addition and removal of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecules on serine or threonine residues of a protein is called O-GlcNAcylation. This post-translational modification occurs on both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, and is fast and reversible as comparable to phosphorylation. In contrast to the phospho-signaling cycles, this emerging moon-lightening signaling is cycled by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). The simple machinery is a good evolutionary adaptation of a cell for quick accommodation to continuously fluctuating intra- and extracellular microenvironments. Rather than “switching” on or off a specific proteins ? this would be done by phosphorylation where numerous specific kinases and phosphatases are involved - O-GlcNAcylation would play a “rheostat” which would be much more delicately increase or decrease the efficacy of signal transductions in response to cellular nutrient and stress conditions. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that O-GlcNAc is further modified by phosphorylation. The O-GlcNAc-P will upgrade the modulation efficiency of cellular processes to continuous ‘analogue’ level. So far, only one protein AP180 was reported to have O-GlcNAc-P on Thr310. But, proteomic data from our laboratory indicate that there are multiple O-GlcNAc-P proteins, constituting “O-GlcNAc-P’om”. This will focus on the possibility of existence of “O-GlcNAc-P’om”.

회장 말단부에 장중첩증을 유발한 염증성 섬유양 용종

이일수(Il Soo Lee),문취용(Chi Young Moon),이인상(In Sang Lee),박봉태(Bong Tae Park),장도현(Do Hyun Chang),박종호(Chong Ho park),최호수(Ho Soo Choi),전광수(Gang Soo Chun),김동진(Dong Chin Kim),이채원(Chae Won Lee )) 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Inflammatory fibroid polyps(IFP) is a relatively rare, benign polyp which is composed of fi- brous connective tissue, blood vessels, and infiltration of eosinophils. The majority of inflam- matory fibroid polyps has been reported with pathologic specimen in stomach and small intes tine. Terminal ileal inflammatory fibroid polyps differ from gastric lesion because they are larger and are almost all pedunculated. As a result, they tend to produce intussusception with intestinal obstruction. We present a case of inflamrnatory fibroid polyp of distal ileum causing intussusception with literature review.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 874 878)

저선량 CT Guided Interventional Study의 유용성 평가

이일수(Il Soo Lee) 대한CT영상기술학회 2008 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of bone biopsy and radio frequency ablation kidney under interventional procedures using a low radiation dose. In addition, AAPM phantom test scan evaluated the image quality and the radiation dose reduction in the same condition. Materials & Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases of bone biopsy CT(lower extremity, spine) and kidney RFA CT at our hospital from January to June 2007. The procedures inducted 37 bone biopsies and 23 kidney RFA CT. In this study, CT fluoroscopy was not used. The CT equipment used GE 4 channel LightSpeed QXi scanners 1. Bone biopsy CT To assess availability of low dose at 120kVp*40~100mAs 2.5mm with intervention CT, we reviewed 37 cases of bone biopsy CT image and evaluated the success rate. 2. Kidney RFA CT It compared with previously kidney CT of 120kvp*144mAs 2.5mm and low dose of 120kVp*40mAs*2.5mm RFA CT image. For each patients, effective radiation dose calculated with a program (impact CT Monte Carlo simulation version 0.99x20/01/06). And it executed rate of success for low dose intervention CT and an image evaluation 3. AAPM phantom test Test was taken with low dose parameter (120kVp*30~100mAs*2.5mm thickness) at 10mAs interval respectively and it measured the image quality with each 4 items (CT No. noise, uniformity and low contrast resolution). Results 1. 111e success or failure of low dose bone biopsy CT evaluated to pathological result come out accurately (malignant or benign) or result is normal. 2. Bone biopsy CT is successful in 29 out of 37 patients(78.4%) with 40~80 mAs; 8 people(21.6%) finished using 100~200 mAs. 3. Kidney RFA CT was successful in 22 out of 23 patients(95.7%). When biopsy needle approached the target lesion, scan parameter used 40mAs and contrast enhanced CT using below 80mAs. When applied to a routine dose of 120kVp*144mAs, 30mm scan range 1scan, the dose calculation is CTDIVOL 19.4mGy, DLP 58.0mGy.cm, eff.dose 1.30mSv and applying 40mAs, CTDIVOL 5.4mGy, DLP 16.0mGy.cm, eff.dose 0.35 mSv. The results of AAPM phantom test is CT No. of water 0.17~0.47HU, uniformity -0.6~2.61HU and low contrast resolution was 9.5mm but noise higher as 12.20~28.95HU. Conclusion In conclusion, there are several method in reducing the radiation dose but we found out that the most common interventional CT procedure can be performed safely and successfully if using 40~80mAs. This range promotes a good radiation close reduction to patients.

게리 팍의 단편들에서 읽히는 장소들: 인류학적 장소, 비장소, 빈 공간, 다가올 장소

이일수 ( Il-soo Lee ) 미국소설학회(구 한국호손학회) 2021 미국소설 Vol.28 No.1

This essay discusses Gary Pak’s two short stories, “The Valley of the Dead Air” and “The Watcher of Waipuna,” presenting them as the representative narratives that bring forth the question of the place with its essential connections with human life. My argument is indebted to recent anthropological studies, particularly to Marc Augé’s perspectives on the significant dimensions of place: the anthropological place and the non-place. The spatial backgrounds for Pak’s stories, the two Hawaiian villages function as the “anthropological places” for the villagers, who need to have “internal other” and their “empty places” against which they try to establish their unity and homogeneity, and eventually to realize that they all might be the same peripheral existences to the larger global/capitalist context. The internal other as such is embodied in the outcast, pathological conditions in Jacob’s and Gilbert’s life respectively. With their eventual potentiality to summon the ethical communal sensitivity, I argue that their negotiating, performative subjectivity in the face of the modern expansion of capitalist “non-places,” evinces that daily awakenings and performances of moral communality by individuals are integral to our new, yet-to-come place in which we will truly dwell.

논문 : 흑인의 "불가해성"과 중산층 의식 - 넬라 라슨의 『백인행세』

이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ) 한국영어영문학회 2006 영어 영문학 Vol.52 No.4

Multi-detector Computed Tomography를 이용한 Neck 검사에서 Automatic Exposure Control을 이용한 선량의 최적화

이일수(Il Soo Lee),김문찬(Moon Chan Kim),이민영(Min Yung Lee),남윤철(Yoon Cheol Nam),한동균(Dong Kyoon Han) 대한CT영상기술학회 2010 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose The purpose of die study was to compare diagnostic acceptability, noise and radiation exposure of neck multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) performed with automatic exposure control(AEC) and fixed mA method. Materials and methods A 50 patient group were divided into 5 groups: used fixed mA, AEC with noise index 7.02, 9.10, 12.22 and 12.60 respectively and evaluated image quality. The CT equipment used GE 64 VCT scanners and neck organ doses were measured using Rando phantom and an optical glass dosimeter and evaluated patient’s image noise and exposure dose. Results There was no significant difference between using AEC technique and fixed mA in diagnostic acceptability and subjective noise. AEC technique resulted in radiation dose reduction of 9.5~35.4% compared with fixed mA technique at noise index 7.02~12.22 in thyroid level. Conslusion AEC method provided acceptable image noise for neck CT and judicious monitoring of radiation dose to patients has to be balanced with diagnostic image quality.

다시 생각하는 에드가 앨런 포의 『아서 고든 핌』

이일수(Il-soo Lee) 19세기영어권문학회 2012 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.16 No.2

This paper examines the Poe’s experiment of a narrative self and the frontier imagination in his work, Arthur Gordon Pym. Critical ambivalence inheres in the American colonization of the West. The frontier, as F.J. Turner lauded, had been the democratic center for contemporary Americans while simultaneously trailing the Southern Slavery and the massacre of American Indians. Part of Americans such as Afro-Americans and other minority peoples who had been excluded from the frontier agenda, desperately called forth a narrative self, which one might find in Pym’s narrative as well as in the 19th century slave narratives. The narrative or descriptive self constructs a new mode of being through his/her adventures, and interweaves into the very core of their beings the current society’s structure and their subversive, constituent efforts against it. For all the apparent indifference to racial or frontier issues in his novel, Poe seemed to develop a new kind of the descriptive self in his character Pym, made him go through the symbolic voyage in search of the accomplishment of the frontier with his multi-ethnic crew. Knowledge and resources Pym was pursuing, turned out to be the nemesis of the American frontier in the very situation where he faced the imminent tragic fall, or the frontier never accomplished enough.

테스와 세스의 모성 그리고 관망의 도의성

이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ) 영미문학연구회 2011 영미문학연구 Vol.21 No.-

This paper intends to examine the theme of motherhood in Thomas Hardy`s Tess of the D`Urbervilles and Toni Morrison`s Beloved, in terms of ``regarding.`` egarding, according to Freud, is the seminal phase in which subject`s consciousness meditates violence-afflicted victims and violence-afflicting agents. Historically, the proper meaning of motherhood has been strictly circumscribed in terms of women`s servitude and submission to the male dominant system. In these works desperate mothers and their children who had been rejected by arbitrary patriarchal norms performed a certain kind of ``regarding.`` The outcast mothers in the works respectively respond to the societies and performed their independent mothering role. For Tess, her motherhood lies in her regarding the world as a disinterested spectator, which D. H. Lawrence emphatically declared to be a state of mental aristocracy. This regarding consciousness of Tess is the seminal, constituent part of her independent motherhood chiefly embodied in mother`s breast. For Sethe, her motherhood is intimately related with her lost daughter, Beloved. In the scenes of the house 124, the mother is symbolically and literally revisited, regarded, and remembered by her baby-ghost incarnate. The baby-ghost itself also seems to be a modern reader as well as a real victim of slavery in the 19th century American society. According to the Freudian triptych of ``child`s being beaten`` fantasies, one can postulate a subject who can sympathize with and participate in another`s pain, and read in Beloved a new language of maternity which will beget a participating ethics of regarding.