상호작용 맥락이 영아의 의도적 의사소통행동에 미치는 영향: 책읽기와 놀이를 중심으로

이다예(Da Ye Lee),이윤경(YoonKyoung Lee) 한국언어청각임상학회 2018 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.23 No.3

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 책읽기와 놀이 상황에 따라 영아들의 의도적 의사소통행동이 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구에는 12-18개월, 19-24개월, 25-30개월의 세 연령집단의 영아가 각각 10명씩, 총 30명이 참가하였다. 각 영아를 대상으로 책 보기와 놀이 조건에서 상호작용 행동을 10분씩 분석하였다. Lee와 Lee (2016)의 기준과 정의를 따라 의도적 의사소통행동 빈도와 기능별 빈도를 측정하였다. 결과: 의도적 의사소통행동 빈도는 연령에 따라 유의하게 증가하였으나 상호작용 조건에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 없었 다. 의사소통기능 빈도는 연령 및 조건과 유의한 상호작용효과를 보였다. 즉, 책읽기에서는 동시주의 기능이, 놀이에서는 행동통제 기능이 많이 나타났는데, 이러한 경향이 연령이 증가함에 따라 더욱 두드러졌다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구는 영아의 의사소통행동이 상호작용 맥락에 의해 영향받을 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 이러한 결과는 영아의 의사소통행동 평가 및 중재 시 상호작용 맥락을 고려해야 한다는 시사점을 제공한다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the interactional context on the intentional communication acts of toddlers. Methods: A total of 30 toddlers aged 12-30 months participated in the study. The participants were classified into three age groups: 12-18 months, 19-24 months, and 25-30 months. The behavior samples of the participants were collected in both free play and book reading contexts; and the total frequency of intentional communicative acts was measured, as well as the frequency of communicative acts according to the communicative functions. Results: The total frequency of intentional communicative acts increased significantly according to age, but there was no significant interaction effect with the interactional context. The frequency of communicative acts according to the communicative function showed significant interaction effects between age and interactional context. The frequency of behavior regulation was significantly higher during free play than book reading. On the other hand, joint attention was significantly greater during book reading than in the context of free play. The interaction effects between the communicative functions and the interactional context increased depending on age. Conclusion: The results of this study help us to understand that the intentional communication acts of toddlers have been affected by interactional contexts. Interactional contexts have to be considered for assessing the communicative acts of the toddlers.

CASA 기반 음성분리 성능 향상을 위한 형태 분석 기술의 응용

이윤경,권오욱,Lee, Yun-Kyung,Kwon, Oh-Wook 대한음성학회 2008 말소리 Vol.65 No.-

We propose a new method to apply shape analysis techniques to a computational auditory scene analysis (CASA)-based speech separation system. The conventional CASA-based speech separation system extracts speech signals from a mixture of speech and noise signals. In the proposed method, we complement the missing speech signals by applying the shape analysis techniques such as labelling and distance function. In the speech separation experiment, the proposed method improves signal-to-noise ratio by 6.6 dB. When the proposed method is used as a front-end of speech recognizers, it improves recognition accuracy by 22% for the speech-shaped stationary noise condition and 7.2% for the two-talker noise condition at the target-to-masker ratio than or equal to -3 dB.

AMP kinase/cyclooxygenase-2 pathway regulates proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells treated with quercetin

이윤경,박송이,Young-Min Kim,Won Sup Lee,Ock Jin Park 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.3

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is highly conserved in eukaryotes, where it functions primarily as a sensor of cellular energy status. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in non-malignant cells as well as in tumor cells. In this study, quercetin activated AMPK in MCF breast cancer cell lines and HT-29 colon cancer cells, and this activation of AMPK seemed to be closely related to a decrease in COX-2 expression. The application of a COX-2 inhibitor or cox-2-/- cells supported the idea that AMPK is an upstream signal of COX-2, and is required for the anti-proliferatory and pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin. The suppressive or growth inhibitory effects of quercetin on COX-2 were abolished by treating cancer cells with an AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These results suggest that AMPK is crucial to the anti-cancer effect of quercetin and that the AMPK-COX-2 signaling pathway is important in quercetin- mediated cancer control. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is highly conserved in eukaryotes, where it functions primarily as a sensor of cellular energy status. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in non-malignant cells as well as in tumor cells. In this study, quercetin activated AMPK in MCF breast cancer cell lines and HT-29 colon cancer cells, and this activation of AMPK seemed to be closely related to a decrease in COX-2 expression. The application of a COX-2 inhibitor or cox-2-/- cells supported the idea that AMPK is an upstream signal of COX-2, and is required for the anti-proliferatory and pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin. The suppressive or growth inhibitory effects of quercetin on COX-2 were abolished by treating cancer cells with an AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These results suggest that AMPK is crucial to the anti-cancer effect of quercetin and that the AMPK-COX-2 signaling pathway is important in quercetin- mediated cancer control.

생쥐 간의 Triacylglycerol 생합성에 있어서 Palmitoylcarnitine의 지방산 공여체로서의 역할

이윤경,정진성,조기승,Lee, Youn-Kyung,Chung, Jin-Sung,Cho, Key-Seung 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.3

$^{14}C$-Palmitoylcarnitine을 생쥐 간 균질물과 반응시킨 결과 1시간 후 33%, 3시간 후에 51%, 6시간 후에 최고 61%의 가수분해를 나타냄으로서, 동물체의 간이 acylcarnitine의 중요한 대사부위 임을 나타내 주었다. $^{14}C$-Palmitoylcarnitine ($^{14}C$-pal. carn)에 의한 $^{14}C$-triacylglycerol ($^{14}C$-TG)의 생합성은 0.1 M tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4 및 반응온도 $20^{\circ}C$에서 각각 최고의 합성율을 나타냈고, ATP, coenzyme A (CoASH), $Ca^{2+}$ 및 $Mg^{2+}$의 cofactor 등은 triacylglycerol 생 합성계에 전혀 영향을 끼치지 않았으며, 이들은 phospholipid 생성계를 활성화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 동일 조건하에서 (U-$^{14}C$)-palmitic acid에 의한 중성지 질의 생합성을 비교하여 본 결과, 반응온도는 $20^{\circ}C$가 적정온도였고, 이 반응계는 ATP, CoASH 및 $Mg^{2+}$의 cofactor를 필요로 했는데 반응시간에 따라 차이를 보여주었다. 즉, 30분 반응에서는 cofactor 존재하에서 $^{14}C$-TG 생성이 증가를 보였으나, 3시간 반응에서는 cofactor가 존재하지 않은 대조구보다 $^{14}C$-phospholipids 생성이 증가함을 나타냈다. 간 균질물의 여러 분획에 있어서 $^{14}C$-pal. carn에 의한 $^{14}C$-TG의 생성을 비교해 본 결과, microsomal cytosol 분획에서 가장 높은 triacylglycerol와 diacylglycerol의 생성율을 보였고, 다음이 mitochondria 분획, nuclei와 cell debris 분획 순이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 palmitoylcarnitine은 microsome에서 cofactor의 도움 없이 직접 acyl group을 이전시켜 중성지질을 생성하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. It was confirmed that the important metabolic site of acylcarnitine was liver in mamals from the results of its hydrolysis, in which percent of hydrolysis was 33%, 51 %, and 61% from incubation for 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h, respectively. In the triacylglycerol biosynthesis from (U-$^{14}C$)-palmitolyl-DL-carnitine, the optimum conditions were obtained in 0.1 M tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4 and $20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature. The effect of cofactors, such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, ATP, and coenzyme A reduced the formation of triacylglycerol, rather increased the formation of phospholipid. This result showed that triacylglycerol synthesis from palmitolycarnitine did not need any cofactors. The comparison of the triacylglycerol biosynthesis from (U-$^{14}C$)-palmitic acid with that of (U-$^{14}C$)-palmitoyl-DL-carnitine showed the same optimum conditons in pH and incubation temperature. But in cofactors effect, tracylglycerol synthesis from $^{14}C$-palmitic acid was stimulated in the presence of ATP, CoASH, and $Mg^{2+}$ in 30 min incubation when it was compared with or without of cofactors. When the incubation period was prolonged to 3 h, triacylglycerol synthesis was reduced and, on the other hand, phospholipid synthesis was increased significantly more than 6 times. With the results from the different cell fractions, the highest triacylglycerol biosynthesis was prepresented with microsomal cytosol fraction and next was in order of mitochondrial fraction and nuclei cell debris fraction. As conclusion, firstly, it could be postulated that the direct mobilization of acyl group from palmitoylcarnitine to monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol resulted triacylglycerol synthesis. Secondly, free fatty acid from hydrolysis of palmitoylcarnitine might from acyl CoA in the presence of ATP and CoASH, and continued the sequencial reactions with diacylglycerol and with Iysophospholipid to form the triacylglycerol and phospholipid, respectively.

디스플레이 응용을 위한 능동 제어형 전계 에미터 어레이의 회로 모델링 및 시뮬레이션

이윤경,송윤호,유형준,Lee, Yun-Gyeong,Song, Yun-Ho,Yu, Hyeong-Jun 대한전자공학회 2001 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.38 No.2

능동제어형 전계방출 디스플레이의 전자공급원으로서 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이의 회로모델이 제안되었다. 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이는 전계방출을 안정화시키고 저전력구동을 위한 수소화 된 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터와 Spindt형 Mo 전계 에미터 어레이로 구성되었고 같은 유리기판 위에 제작되었다. 비정질 박막 트랜지스터와 Spindt형 Mo 전계 에미터 어레이의 전기적 특성으로부터 추출된 기본 모델 변수는 제안된 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이 회로모델에 입력되었고 SPICE 회로 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 특성을 분석하였다. 제작된 소자의 측정값과 DC 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교한 결과 두 값이 상당히 일치함으로써 등가회로 모델의 정확성을 확인하였다. 또한 제작된 소자의 transient 시뮬레이션 결과 전계 에미터 어레이의 게이트 커패시턴스와 TFT의 구동능력이 반응시간에 가장 크게 영향을 끼치고 있음을 확인하였다. 제작된 능동제어형 전계방출 에미터 어레이는 pulse width modulation으로 구동하는 경우 15㎲의 반응시간을 얻었고 이 값으로는 4bit/color의 계조(gray scale)표현이 가능하였다. A circuit model for active-controlled field emitter array(ACFEA) as an electron source of active-controlled field emission display(ACFED) has been proposed. The ACFEA with hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistor(a-Si:H TFT) and Spindt-type molibdenum tips (Spindt-Mo FEA) has been fabricated monolithically on the same glass. A-Si:H TFT is used as a control device of field emitters, resulting in stabilizing emission current and lowering driving voltage. The basic model parameters extracted from the electrical characteristics of the fabricated a-Si:H TFT and Spindt-Mo FEA were implemented into the ACFEA model with a circuit simulator SPICE. The accuracy of the equivalent circuit model was verified by comparing the simulated results with the measured one through DC analysis of the ACFEA. The transient analysis of the ACFEA showed that the gate capacitance of FEA along with the drivability of TFT strongly affected the response time. With the fabricated ACFEA, we obtained a response time of 15$mutextrm{s}$, which was enough to make 4bit/color gray scale with the pulse width modulation (PWM).

시간-주파수 스무딩이 적용된 소프트 마스크 필터를 이용한 단일 채널 음성 분리

이윤경,권오욱,Lee, Yun-Kyung,Kwon, Oh-Wook 대한음성학회 2008 말소리 Vol.67 No.-

This paper addresses the problem of single-channel speech separation to extract the speech signal uttered by the speaker of interest from a mixture of speech signals. We propose to apply time-frequency smoothing to the existing statistical single-channel speech separation algorithms: The soft mask and the minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) algorithms. In the proposed method, we use the two smoothing later. One is the uniform mask filter whose filter length is uniform at the time-Sequency domain, and the other is the met-scale filter whose filter length is met-scaled at the time domain. In our speech separation experiments, the uniform mask filter improves speaker-to-interference ratio (SIR) by 2.1dB and 1dB for the soft mask algorithm and the MMSE algorithm, respectively, whereas the mel-scale filter achieves 1.1dB and 0.8dB for the same algorithms.

홈네트워크 보안 표준화 동향

이윤경,한종욱,정교일,Lee, Y.K.,Han, J.W.,Chung, K.Y. 한국전자통신연구원 2007 전자통신동향분석 Vol.22 No.1

홈네트워크는 이종의 유무선 네트워크와 프로토콜이 합해져서 하나의 네트워크를 형성하기 때문에 많은 보안 헛점이 존재할 수 있다. 설사 유무선 네트워크 및 프로토콜들 각각에 대한 보안이 고려되어 있다 하더라도 이들의 혼재로 인한 새로운 취약점이 생길 수 있고, 홈네트워크 서비스를 운용하는 과정에서 새로운 취약점이 드러나고 있다. 이러한 홈네트워크에서의 보안 취약성을 해결하기 위하여 최근 국내외에서 다양한 표준이 제정되고 있고, 또한 많은 표준안들이 논의되고 있다. 본 고에서는 홈네트워크 보안에 관한 국내외 표준화 진행 현황에 대하여 소개하고, 각 표준 및 표준안의 주요 내용에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.

위상 모델 기반의 소프트 마스크를 이용한 단일 채널 음성분리

이윤경,권오욱,Lee, Yun-Kyung,Kwon, Oh-Wook 한국음향학회 2010 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

본 논문은 혼합 음성 신호로부터 크기와 위상 정보를 모두 고려하여 목표 음성 신호를 추출하고 향상하는 음성 분리 알고리듬을 제안한다.기존 연구에서는 혼합된 음성 신호의 로그 전력 스펙트럼 값이 시간-주파수 영역에서 서로 독립이라고 가정한 통계적 모델을 적용하기 때문에 음성 분리 결과 파형에 불연속을 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 불연속을 감소시키기 위하여 시간-주파수 영역에서의 스무딩 필터를 적용한다. 음성 분리 성능을 더욱 향상시키기 위하여 음성 신호의 크기와 함께 위상 정보를 고려하는 통계적 모델을 제안한다. 실혐 결과, 제안된 알고리즘이 기존의 크기 정보만을 사용한 알고리즘에 비하여 1.5 dB의 화자대간섭비 (SIR)를 개선하는 것으로 나타난다. In this paper, we propose a new speech separation algorithm to extract and enhance the target speech signals from mixed speech signals by utilizing both magnitude and phase information. Since the previous statistical modeling algorithms assume that the log power spectrum values of the mixed speech signals are independent in the temporal and frequency domain, discontinuities occur in the resultant separated speech signals. To reduce the discontinuities, we apply a smoothing filter in the time-frequency domain. To further improve speech separation performance, we propose a statistical model based on both magnitude and phase information of speech signals. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improve signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) by 1.5 dB compared with the previous magnitude-only algorithms.

오공(蜈蚣) 약침(藥鍼)을 병행한 요골신경마비 치험 1례(例)

이윤경,임성철,정태영,한상원,서정철,Lee, Yoon-Kyung,Lim, Seong-Chul,Jung, Tae-Young,Han, Sang-Won,Seo, Jung-Chul 대한약침학회 2005 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.8 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the patient with radial nerve palsy, who improved by Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture and other Oriental medical treatments. Methods : The patient was managed by Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture, body acupuncture, physical theraphy and herbal medicine. We took picture of the patient's wrist and checked the power of muscles. Result : After 4 week treatment, the movement and power of wrist was restored to nearly normal range. Conclusions : The results suggest that combination of Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture and other Oriental medical treatments is good method for treatment of radial nerve palsy. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of this methods.

봉약침(蜂藥鍼), 오공약침료법(蜈蚣藥鍼療法)을 가미(加味)한 하지부(下肢部) 냉증(冷症) 치험 1례

이윤경,임성철,정태영,한상원,서정철,Lee, Yoon-Kyoung,Lim, Seong-Chul,Jung, Tae-Young,Han, Sang-Won,Seo, Jung-Chul 대한약침학회 2005 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.8 No.3

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effect of bee venom and Scolopendrae Corpus herbal acupuncture on the feeling of cold on legs. Methods : The patient was managed by bee venom and Scolopendrae Corpus herbal acupuncture, body acupuncture and herbal medicine. The following points were selected : BL40, BL57, BL60; SP6. After bee venom and Scolopendrae Corpus herbal acupuncture treatment, body acupuncture was performed at the same points. We evaluated the patient through Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I). Results : After 12 times of treatment, the patient showed that clinical symptoms was decreased, VAS changed from 10 to 3 and there was also improvement change on D.I.T.I.. Conclusions : According to the results, bee venom and Scolopendrae Corpus herbal acupuncture may have the effects on the feeling of cold on legs. But further studies and required to prove the effects of this methods.