http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이수환,권숙표,정용,정재춘 한국물환경학회 1987 한국물환경학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The Hanging Biological Contactor(HBC), which has been developed in 1984 and currently in experimental stage in Korea and Japan is a very new fixed-film process utilizing attached microorganisms on the polyvinylydene-chloride fiber media. It is similar to rotating biological contactor process but the media immersed in the wastewater does not rotate and appropriate air is supplied by the aeration apparatus underneath. Thes study was to identify HBC microorganisms and to determine their relative abundance. One pilot scale and two full scale Hanging Biological Contactors(HBC) were investigated for various microorganisms. Microorganisms found were pretty much similar to those fixedfilm reactors such as rotating biological contactors and trickling filters. In the start-up study of pilot scale HBC plant, Beggiatoa became highly populated in the first stage and the species diversity index increased along the stages with the time lapse. When the aeration level increased, the populations of Beggiatoa and Paramecium decreased, while those of Vorticella, Linonotus, Diplogaster(nematode), Philodina(Rotifer), and annelid Worms increased. Microorganisms also differ abundance by stages. More populations of Beggiatoa, Peranema, Amoeba, Paramecium, Trachelocerca, Aspidrsca, Linonotus, Oxytricha, Vorticella, Opercularia, Carchesium, Tokophrya, Philodina, and annelid Worms in the first 2 stages occured, while Arcella, Difflugia, Stylonychia, Trachelophyllum and Epistylis were shown higher abundance in the last stage (stage 3 and 4).
이수환,박유정,이주용 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.42
Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors (TNFis), which are the main treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), have been reported not only to reduce the incidence of anterior uveitis (AU) but also to induce it, and these effects differ among the various types of TNFis in clinical use. The present study investigated the effect of TNFis on uveitis by analyzing the long-term clinical course of AU in AS patients treated with TNFi therapy. Methods: Patients treated with at least one TNFi between January 2007 and July 2017 were reviewed, and 54 patients with at least one episode of AU were included in this study. The TNFis included anti-TNF-α antibodies (adalimumab, infliximab, and golimumab), and a soluble TNF receptor molecule (etanercept). The effect of prevention of AU, the likelihood of new-onset uveitis after the initiation of TNFi therapy, and the effects of drug switching and dose escalation were assessed. Results: The first uveitis flare was observed before TNFi therapy in 39 patients and after TNFi therapy in 15 patients. Anti-TNF-α antibodies were more efficacious in decreasing the recurrence of AU than etanercept. Among patients in which uveitis first occurred after beginning TNFi therapy, patients on etanercept tended to first develop AU less than 1 year after starting the drug, and their AS tended to be well-controlled at the time of uveitis flares. Patients with a uveitis flare before their medication was switched did not recur afterwards, and five of eight patients showed no relapse after dose escalation. Conclusion: TNFis have various effects on AU. TNFis, particularly anti-TNF-α antibodies, should be considered in patients with AS and frequent AU relapse. Additionally, clinicians should consider whether AU is due to an absence of a therapeutic response of AS to TNFi treatment or to TNFi treatment itself, and appropriate treatment changes should be made accordingly.