경제위기에 따른 사망률 불평등의 변화: 지역의 사회경제적 위치 지표의 활용

윤성철,황인아,이무송,이상일,조민우,이민정,강영호,Yun, Sung-Cheol,Hwang, In-A,Lee, Moo-Song,Lee, Sang-Il,Jo, Min-Woo,Lee, Min-Jung,Khang, Young-Ho 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives : An abrupt economic decline may widen the socioeconomic differences in health between the advantaged and disadvantaged in a society. The aim of this study was to examine whether the South Korean economic crisis of 1997-98 affected the socioeconomic inequality from all-causes and from cause-specific mortality between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Population denominators were obtained from the registration population data, with the number of death (numerators) calculated from raw death certificate data. The indicator used to assess the geographic socioeconomic position was the per capita regional tax revenue. Administrative districts (Si-Gun-Gu) were ranked according to this socioeconomic measure, and divided into equal population size quintiles on the basis of this ranking. The sex- and 5-year age-specific numbers of the population and deaths were used to compute the sex- and age-adjusted mortality rates (via direct standardization method), standardized mortality ratios (via indirect standardization methods) and relative indices of inequality (RII) (via Poisson regression). Results : Geographic inequalities from all-causes of mortality, as measured by RII, did not increase as a result of the economic crisis (from 1998-2001). This was true for both sexes and all age groups. However, the cause-specific analyses showed that socioeconomic inequalities in mortalities from external causes were affected by South Korean economic crisis. For males, the RIIs for mortalities from transport accidents and intentional self-harm increased between 1995 and 2001. For females, the RII for mortality from intentional self-harm increased during the same period. Conclusions : The South Korean economic crisis widened the geographic inequality in mortalities from major external causes. This increased inequality requires social discourse and counter policies with respect to the rising health inequalities in the South Korean society.

결측값의 대치법

윤성철,Yun, Sung-Cheol 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.3

고성능 32-bit DSP 코프로세서의 아키텍쳐 개발

윤성철,김상욱,배성일,강성호,김용천,정승재,김상우,문상훈,Yun, Seong-Cheol,Kim, Sang-Uk,Bae, Seong-Il,Gang, Seong-Ho,Kim, Yong-Cheon,Jeong, Seung-Jae,Kim, Sang-U,Mun, Sang-Hun 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.39 No.2

A new high-performance DSP architecture is proposed, which behaves as a coprocessor of a 32bit microcontroller. Because the proposed DSP architecture is a dual MAC(Multiply and Accumulate) DSP architecture, it can process efficiently a number of SOP(sum of product) operations used in many DSP applications. In order to efficiently perform other operations such as pure additions without any restriction, a MAC is composed of a multiplier and a ALU placed in parallel. In addition, it is a 3-way superscalar architecture, which can issue 3 instructions at a time. The benchmark results with 3 thor dual MAC DSPs show that the proposed DSP has the best performance. Futhermore, it is proven that the proposed DSP is more efficient in memory usage, although the performance is comparable in some algorithms such as Viterbi decoding and FFT butterfly. 이 논문은 저전력 마이크로 컨트롤러의 coprocessor로 동작하는 고성능 DSP의 아키텍쳐 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 DSP 아키텍쳐는 DSP 응용 분야의 기본 수식인 곱의 합을 고속으로 수행할 수 있도록 MAC(Multiply and Accumulate) 유닛 두 개를 갖는 dual MAC 아키텍쳐 구조이면서, 곱셈기와 덧셈기를 병렬적으로 배치시킨 특징을 갖는다. 그리고 한번에 최대 3개의 명령어를 동시에 수행할 수 있으면서도 명령어 길이는 31 비트로 고정된 3웨이 수퍼스칼라 구조를 갖는다. 현재 상용되고 있는 세 개의 DSP들과 의 벤치마크 결과, 제안된 DSP 구조가 가장 좋은 성능을 보여주었다. 또한, 특정 알고리듬에 대해서 성능이 같아도 메모리 사용량에 있어 효율적인 구조라는 것을 보여준다.

센서스인구 대 주민등록인구: 지역별 사망률 연구에서 어느 인구를 분모로 사용하여야 하나?

황인아,윤성철,이무송,이상일,조민우,이민정,강영호,Hwang, In-A,Yun, Sung-Cheol,Lee, Moo-Song,Lee, Sang-Il,Jo, Min-Woo,Lee, Min-Jung,Khang, Young-Ho 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Studies on the geographical differences in mortality tend to use a census population, rather than a registration population, as the denominator of mortality rates in South Korea. However, an administratively determined registration population would be the logical denominator, as the geographical areas for death certificates (numerator) have been determined by the administratively registered residence of the deceased, rather than the actual residence at the time of death. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the total number of a district population, and the associated district-specific mortality indicators, when two different measures as a population denominator (census and registration) were used. Methods: Population denominators were obtained from census and registration population data, and the numbers of deaths (numerators) were calculated from raw death certificate data. Sex- and 5-year age-specific numbers for the populations and deaths were used to compute sex- and age-standardized mortality rates (by direct standardization methods) and standardized mortality ratios (by indirect standardization methods). Bland-Altman tests were used to compare district populations and district-specific mortality indicators according to the two different population denominators. Results : In 1995, 9 of 232 (3.9%) districts were not included in the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the population differences. A total of 8 (3.4%) among 234 districts had large differences between their census and registration populations in 2000, which exceeded the 95% CI of the population differences. Most districts (13 of 17) exceeding the 95% CI were rural. The results of the sex- and age-standardized mortality rates showed 15 (6.5%) and 16 (6.8%) districts in 1995 and 2000, respectively, were not included in the 95% CI of the differences in their rates. In addition, the differences in the standardized mortality ratios using the two different population denominators were significantly greater among 14 districts in 1995 and 11 districts in 2002 than the 95% CI. Geographical variations in the mortality indicators, using a registration population, were greater than when using a census population. Conclusion: The use of census population denominators may provide biased geographical mortality indicators. The geographical mortality rates when using registration population denominators are logical, but do not necessarily represent the exact mortality rate of a certain district. The removal of districts with large differences between their census and registration populations or associated mortality indicators should be considered to monitor geographical mortality rates in South Korea.

우리나라 사망등록자료에서 의사에 의한 사망진단 분율의 양상과 관련 요인

강영호,윤성철,이진용,이무송,이상일,조민우,Khang, Young-Ho,Yun, Sung-Cheol,Lee, Jin-Yong,Lee, Moo-Song,Lee, Sang-Il,Jo, Min-Woo 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives : Previous studies showed that death certification by physicians was an important predictor to improve the quality of death certificate data in South Korea. This study was conducted to examine the proportion of death certificates issued by physicians and associated factors in South Korea from 1990 to 2002. Methods : Data from 3,110,883 death certificates issued between 1990 and 2002, available to the public from the National Statistical Office of Korea, were used to calculate the proportion of death certificates issued by physicians and to examine associated factors with logistic regression analysis. Results : The overall proportion of death certificates issued by physicians increased from 44.6% in 1990 to 77.6% in 2002 (mean: 63.5%). However, the proportion was greatly influenced by the deceased's age. In 2002, more than 90% of the deceased aged 51 or less were certified by physicians. A higher proportion was found among deceased who had tertiary education (college or higher) living in more developed urban areas. Conclusion : The information regarding the cause of death for younger, well-educated deceased in urban areas of South Korea may show a higher level of accuracy. Epidemiologic research using information on causes of death may well benefit from the continually increasing proportion of death certificates issued by physicians in the future in South Korea.

서울시 동별 상류계층(파워엘리트) 주거 분포와 흡연과의 관련성에 대한 다수준분석

김창석,윤성철,김혜련,강영호,Kim, Chang-Seok,Yun, Sung-Cheol,Kim, Hye-Ryun,Khang, Young-Ho 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Objectives: We examined whether the neighborhood socioeconomic position predicts the smoking rates after adjusting for individual socioeconomic position indicators. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2001 Seoul Health Indicators Survey. The neighborhood socioeconomic position was the residential distribution of the high class (power elites), as measured by the location quotients (LQ) for each administrative dong (district). A high LQ denotes a high neighborhood socioeconomic status. The individual socioeconomic position included education, occupation and income. Age-adjusted smoking rates according to the LQ level were computed with the direct method. The total number of subjects in this study (26,022 men and 28,007 women) was the reference. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted with the individuals at the first level and the neighborhoods at the second level to estimate the odds ratios of smoking with 95% confidence intervals. Results: For men, the age-adjusted smoking rates increased with a decrease in the LQ. For women, the relationship between the age-adjusted smoking rate and the LQ was not clear. The odds of smoking for both genders were greater among those subjects with lower incomes and lower education. The manual occupational class had greater odds of smoking than the non-manual class for the males, while the odds ratio of smoking among females with a manual occupation tended to be lower than those females with a non-manual occupation. For the males, the LQ levels independently predicted smoking after adjustment for individual income. However, this relation between the LQ and smoking in males was explained by full adjustment for the individual socioeconomic position indicators (education, occupation and income). Conclusions: A low level of neighborhood socioeconomic position was associated with higher smoking rates among the men residing in Seoul. This association between the neighborhood socioeconomic position and smoking in men was explained by the individual socioeconomic position. Anti-smoking efforts to reduce geographical inequality in smoking should be directed at reducing the smoking rates between the individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds in the metropolitan city of Seoul, South Korea.

우리나라 성인에서 일부 질환과 연관된 건강관련 삶의 질 감소

길선령,이상일,윤성철,안형미,조민우,Kil, Seol-Ryoung,Lee, Sang-Il,Yun, Sung-Cheol,An, Hyung-Mi,Jo, Min-Woo 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the decline in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with some diseases in South Korean adults. Methods: The EQ-5D health states in the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) and the Korean EQ-5D valuation set were used to obtain the EQ-5D indexes of the study subjects. Each disease group was defined when the subjects reported to the NHNES that they were diagnosed with the corresponding disease during the previous 1 year by physicians. Since the distributions of the EQ-5D indexes in each subgroup were negatively skewed, median regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of specific diseases on the HRQoL. Median regression analysis produced estimates that approximated the median of the EQ-5D indexes and there are more robust for analyzing data with many outliers. Results: A total of 16,692 subjects (6,667 patients and 10,025 people without any disease) were included in the analysis. As a result of the median regression analysis, stroke had the strongest impact on the HRQoL for both males and females, followed by osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, and herniation of an intervertebral disc. While asthma had a significant impact on the HRQoL only in men, cataract, temporo-mandibular dysfunction, and peptic ulcer significantly affected the HRQoL only in women. Conclusions: Stroke and musculoskeletal diseases were associated with the largest losses of the HRQoL in Korean adults.

우리나라 표준직업분류에 따른 흡연율 차이: 2003년도 사회통계조사 자료의 분석

조홍준,강영호,윤성철,Cho, Hong-Jun,Khang, Young-Ho,Yun, Sung-Cheol 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in smoking rates according to the major occupational categories in South Korea. Methods: The study subjects were a weighted sample of 24,495 men and 26,121 women aged 25-64 from the 2003 Social Statistics Survey, which was conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. Occupation was classified according to the Korean Standard Occupation Classification. We computed the age-standardized smoking rates according to gender and occupations after adjusting for the education level, marital status, and self-rated health. Results: For men, the smoking rate in elementary occupations was two times higher than that of clerks (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.74-2.26). In general, a more prestigious job(professionals) correlated with lower smoking rates, and less prestigious jobs correlated with higher smoking rates, except for legislators, senior officials and managers. For women, smoking among service workers was 4.1 times higher than among clerical workers (OR=4.11, 95% CI=2.87-5.88). For women, their occupations, except elementary workers, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, failed to show significant differences in smoking compared with the clerical workers. After adjusting for education, occupational differences in the smoking rate for men were attenuated in most occupations, except for legislators, professionals, and technicians. Further adjustment for marital status and self-rated health had a minimal effect on the occupational differences in the smoking rate for men. For women workers with service or elementary occupations, the ORs of smoking were attenuated with adjustment of the educational levels. However, the ORs of smoking were increased in workers with service, sales or elementary occupations, as well as for legislators, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, after additionally adjusting for marital status. Conclusions: More prestigious jobs generally correlated with lower smoking rates in both sexes. The anti-tobacco policy should consider smoking rate differentials by occupations.

일반도로 및 고속도로에서의 소음 예측식 적용에 관한 연구

윤효석(Hyo-seok Yun),윤성철(Soung-cheol Yoon),박인선(In-sun Park),박상규(Sang-kyu Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2012 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

This Study, as part of a study on the application plan of overseas noise prediction models suitable for making domestic noise maps, analyzed the correlation between the differences in predicted noise levels by individual noise prediction model and surveyed data on General roads and Expressways. Separation distances of 5m and 10m, respectively were set from the ends of the general roads and the expressways at the points of measurements and to check the distribution patterns of sound power levels, the levels were measured at the heights of 1.5m and 3m, respectively. The latest revised versions of the five models (CRTN, RLS90, NMPB, Nord2000, ASJ2008) suggested in The Method of making Noise Maps were used as prediction models, and predicted noise levels were calculated by using commercial software SoundPLAN (Ver 7.1).

고객만족도조사 실효성 제고방안

김명환(Myeong Hwan kim),윤성철(Seong Cheol Yun),정성봉(Sung Bong Chung) 한국철도학회 2016 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.5