발생중인 흰쥐 간에서의 Metallothionein 발현에 관한 면역세포화학적 연구

오승한,안영모,신길상,김완종,Oh, Seung-Han,Ahn, Young-Mo,Shin, Kil-Sang,Kim, Wan-Jong 한국현미경학회 2004 Applied microscopy Vol.34 No.3

메탈로사이오닌 (metallothionein: MT)은 시스테인(cysteine)이 다수 포함되어 있고, 저분자량인 단백질로서 중금속이온이나 다양한 세포 독성 인자에 의해 유도되며, 최근 발암과정 (carcinogenesis)이나 혹은 세포분화와 연관하여 활발하게 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 흰쥐를 수정시킨 후 발생과정 또는 출생 후 성장과정 단계에서 태아와 신생 흰쥐의 간 조직 및 세포내 MT의 분포 양상을 조사하고자 하였다. 흰쥐 간 조직내 MT의 분포는 면역조직화학적 방법을 적용하여 광학현미경으로 관찰하였고, 세포내 미세구조적 위치 (localization)는 금 입자 표지를 이용한 면역세포화학적 방법을 이용하여 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. MT는 발생 13일이 경과한 흰쥐 태아의 간에서 처음으로 관찰되기 시작하여, 출생 당일의 신생 흰쥐에서 가장 높게 관찰되었다. 면역 조직화학 및 세포화학적 방법으로 관찰한 결과, MT 염색성은 발생 후기에서 출생후 10일째까지 비교적 높게 나타났다. MT에 대한 양성반응은 난형 세포 (oval cell)들과 간 실질세포 (liver parenchymal cell)들에서 뚜렷하게 존재하였다. 발생과정과 신생 흰쥐의 간 조직에서는 핵과 세포질 양쪽에서 공통적으로 양성 반응을 보였으나, 생후 30일 이후부터 성체에 이르는 시기까지는 세포질에 한정되어 있는 양상을 보였다. 금 입자 표지법에 의한 MT의 세포질내 분포를 보면, 발생 중인 흰쥐 간 세포에서는 핵과 세포질내에 고르게 산재되어 있었다. 즉, 핵내 염색질, 인, 조면소포체 및 cytosol에서도 MT에 대한 면역 금 입자들이 관찰되었으나, 미토콘드리아와 지질 소포 등에서는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 상기의 결과들은 발생중 혹은 성장중인 흰쥐의 간에서 MT가 점차 증가하는 것으로 요약될 수 있는 것으로서, 이는 MT가 세포들의 증식과 분화에 금속 이온의 저장과 방출 혹은 전사인자 (transcription factor)로서 작용할 수 있음을 암시하는 것으로 판단된다. Metallothionein (MT) is a family of ubiquitous, low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), cysteine-rich protein with a high affinity to metal ions and has no aromatic amino acids and histidine. Some of the known functions of MT include detoxification of heavy metals and alkylating agents and neutralization of free radicals. Also, this protein may affect a number of cellular processes including gene expression, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. But, its actual functions are still not clear. The present study was undertaken to examine immunocytochemically the localization of MT in developing rat liver. On the day 11 of gestation, the fetal rat liver has already been formed and contained numerous oval cells with high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, which were the progenitors of hepatic parenchymal cells, but no reaction products of MT were detected at this time. And then, positive reactions against MT started to appear predominantly in the parenchymal cells of liver from the 13th day after gestation. Reaction products, immunogold particles or brown coloration, were localized at both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells, except mitochondria. The intensity of this reaction gradually increased, and exhibited the strongest at birth. The intensity of MT staining and immunogold labelling diminished with growth, and by the 15th day after birth weak positive reaction was observed in the cells. In brief, positive reactions for MT were observed in the oval cells and the parenchymal cells during fetal stage, meanwhile they were present only in the parenchymal cells after birth. The present results suggest that MT possibly involves parechymal cell proliferation and differentiation through the storage or the supply of various metal ions in the developing rat liver.

과학기술위성 3호 S-대역 송신기 비행모델 설계, 제작 및 시험

오승한(Seung-Han Oh),서규재(Gyu-Jae Seo),이정수(Jung-Soo Lee),오치욱(Chi-Wook Oh),박홍영(Hong-Young Park) 한국항공우주학회 2011 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.39 No.6

본 논문에서는 현재 KAIST 인공위성연구센터(SaTReC)에서 개발 진행 증인 과학기술위성3호(STSAT-3) 위성체의 위성 상태정보 전송을 위한 S-대역 송신기 비행모델 개발 및 시험에 관하여 서술하고 있다. STSAT-3의 통신시스템은 크게 상태정보, 명령 송수신을 위한 통신채널과 임무데이터 전송을 위한 통신채널로 구성되며 상태 정보 및 명령 송수신을 위하여 S-대역을 사용하며 임무데이터 전송용으로 χ-대역 주파수를 사용하고 있다. S-대역 송신기(S-band Transmitte, STX)는 기능적으로 변조기, 주파수 합성기, 파워 앰프 및 전력공급기 로 구성되어 제작되었다. 전송데이터 변조 방법으로는 주파수 천이방식 (Frequency Shift Keying, FSK)을 사용 하며 위생본체와의 데이터 통신은 표준방식인 RS-422통신 방식을 사용하였다. STSAT-3의 STX는 기능적 모듈화에 근거하여 설계 및 제작 되었으며 1.5W(31.7㏈m) 송신 출력에 1X10?? 비트오율(BER) 성능을 만족한다. STX 비행모델은 성능시험, 환경시험(진동시험, 열진공시험)을 성공적으로 마치고 위성체 조립단계에 납품되었다. This paper describes the development and test result of S-band Transmitter flight model(FM) of STSAT-3 by satellite research center(SaTReC), KAIST. The communication sub-system of STSAT-3 is consist of two different frequency band channels, S-band for Telemetry & Command and X-band for mission data. S-band Transmitter(STX) functionally made of modulator, frequency synthesizer, power amp and DC/DC converter. The transmission data is modulated by FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) and the interface between spacecraft sub-module and STX is RS-422 standard method. The FM STX is based on modular design. The RF output power of STX is 1.5W(31.7㏈m) and BER of STX is under 1X10?? which meets the specification respectively. The FM STX is delivered Spacecraft Assembly, Integration and Test(AIT) level through the completion of functional Test and environmental(vibration, thermal vacuum) Test successfully.

상표권 라이센스 조항의 효력을 부인하기 위한 독점금지법에 근거한 항변과 그 문제점

오승한(Seung-Han Oh) 한국비교사법학회 2006 比較私法 Vol.13 No.2

  In contrast to patent and copyright law, the main policy of trademark law is to prevent ‘consumer confusion’ and protect ‘indication’. While the purpose of patent and copyright law is granting excludability to creators to promote innovation in order to prevent external market failure to consumers, the purpose of trademark law is related to an internal market failure problem to consumers, which causes consumers’ unreasonable choice. Because of this different policy of trademark, the discussion for application of antitrust law to the exercise of trademark should be defined differently from that of patent and the copyright law: particularly as for construing section 59 of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. In conclusion, only after trademark misuse is determined under the policy and purpose of trademark law, Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act could be applied to the trademark proprietor’s behaviors in order to expect the policy and purpose of trademark law.<BR>  Moreover, trademark misuse is separated from the violation of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. Trademark misuse does not result in anticompetitive effect in a relevant market automatically. It is usually held that a trademark itself is not a strong enough factor to restrict competition, and thus there are usually rare anticompetitive effect of the same type existing in patent and copyright by using a trademark. For this reason, a trademark misuse could constitute antitrust violation only when the trademark is the primary instrument in restraining competition.

방어적 특허풀 구성과 부속약정에 대한 경쟁제한성 평가 - 중소기업체의 방어적 특허풀을 중심으로

오승한(Oh Seung-han) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2008 성균관법학 Vol.20 No.2

  Patent pool, in which secondary patent owners in some manner have combined their patents, could be used as a tool to defense their interest and demand license from huge original patent proprietors dominating original technology market. The patent pools, however, might have one common characteristic of illegal cartel because two or more patent owners mutually agree to same license condition and royalty, and moreover to prohibit their members" individual license with the third party out of the pool. Multiple scholars have generally insisted that especially the pools composed of pure substitute patents competing with each other are more likely to infringe competition in the technology market.<BR>  Nevertheless, the pools composed only of complementary patents or even pure substitute patents under exceptional conditions may increase efficiencies and lower prices to consumers. The Patent pool composed of secondary patent owners can resist dominating market power by gigantic patent owners preoccupying original essential patents and make royalty lower than before. As a result, the defending patent pool against the original patent proprietors can contribute to increasing social welfare because their behavior can lead to lower price of the final product or service.

EU경쟁법에 의한 특허권자의 특허풀 및 특허플랫폼에 대한 규제

오승한 ( Seung Han Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2008 競爭法硏究 Vol.18 No.-

미국 경쟁당국의 특허권 행상에 대한 경쟁법 집행 사례

오승한(Oh Seung Han) 행정법이론실무학회 2007 행정법연구 Vol.- No.18

This thesis is reviewing a dispute surrounding Qualcomm's alleged illegal and anti-competitive conduct in the markets for the third cell phone technology(3G) named Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (“WCDMA”) and chipsets implementing the third generation technology employing the Universal Mobile Telephone System [UMTS]. According to the complaint brought an action against Qualcomm by a plaintiff (Broadcom), Qualcomm induced the relevant SDO to adopt a 3G standard, WCDMA, that incorporates Qualcomm's patents by promising to license the patents on FRAND terms. Broadcom asserted that the relevant SDO only adopted the UMTS standard, implementing WCDMA, after Qualcomm agreed to license its WCDMA technology on FRAND terms. On the other side, Broadcom has developed UMTS chipsets that would compete with the UMTS chipsets manufactured by Qualcomm. Qualcomm holds patents for WCDMA technology that are essential to the UMTS standard, controlling the rights to the patents necessary for Broadcom to manufacture UMTS chipsets. Broadcom alleged that it has tried to get a license from Qualcomm for the use of the patents essential to UMTS standard employed in its chipsets, but has been refused to get the license to use the patents on FRAND terms. For this reason, the plaintiff alleges that Qualcomm has used unlawful and discriminatory licensing practices to (1) undermine competition, (2) monopolize the WCDMA technology market, and (3) attempt to monopolize the market for UMTS chipsets. In this case, the Federal district court in New Jersey dismissed the complaint brought by Broadcom. The Court assumes that there is no competition in the WCDMA technology market because of SDO's standard-setting process. In this situation, Qualcomm's conduct did not cause injury to competition, rather than it is the natural consequence of the standard-setting process. However, the Court's decision is not enough to show requirements determining whether a patent proprietor's licensing practices would be anticompetitive. In this thesis, some situations making the patent proprietor's licensing practices illegal will be discussed and suggested.

소비자 복지증대를 위한 소비자 조직화와 소비자생활협동조합법의 문제점

오승한 ( Seung Han Oh ) 한국경쟁법학회 2006 競爭法硏究 Vol.14 No.-

차세대소형위성2호 주탑재체용 제어기 개발 모델 설계

오승한(Seung Han Oh),김세연(Se Yon Kim),이종주(Jong Ju Lee),신구환(Goo Hwan Shin) 한국항공우주학회 2018 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

배타조건부 거래를 포함하는 시장선점.봉쇄전략에 대한 단계별 위법성 판단절차

오승한(Seung-Han Oh) 한국비교사법학회 2010 比較私法 Vol.17 No.4

In antitrust policy, one of troublesome recurring problems is to determine whether the strategy including the exclusive dealing contract between purchasers and suppliers for the sale or purchase of goods or rights to exclude competitors is illegal. Sometimes, the decline of the influential competitors could be natural result of competition. However, the downfall of rivals could also be responsible for the vertical agreements or technical integration to harm competition by market blockade. For this reason, the standards for scrutiny to decide the illegal anticompetitive strategy have been suggested to perform the anticompetitive policy efficiently. In the U.S., federal courts and agencies have tried to replace the effects-balancing test that is the old version of the rule of reason test, with the structured rule of reason, which is conceived for allocating burdens of production and proof. This Article deals the new test method placing stress on the importance of an appropriate framework that structures the analysis. This new analysis will divide the steps of the whole process and allocate burdens of production and proof in litigation.

FPGA를 이용한 위성탑재용 FSK 모뎀 개발에 관한 연구

오승한(Oh Seung Han),오대수(Oh Dae Soo),오치욱(Oh Chi Wook) 한국통신학회 2005 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11