나노결정 InGaZnO 산화물 박막트랜지스터와 비결정 InGaZnO 산화물 박막트랜지스터의 소자 신뢰성에 관한 비교 연구

신현수,안병두,임유승,김현재,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Ahn, Byung-Du,Rim, Yoo-Seung,Kim, Hyun-Jae 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6

In this paper, we have compared amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) with the nano-crystalline embedded-IGZO ($N_c$-embedded-IGZO) TFT fabricated by solid-phase crystallization (SPC) technique. The field effect mobility (${\mu}_{FE}$) of $N_c$-embedded-IGZO TFT was 2.37 $cm^2/Vs$ and the subthreshold slope (S-factor) was 0.83 V/decade, which showed lower performance than those of a-IGZO TFT (${\mu}_{FE}$ of a-IGZO was 9.67 $cm^2/Vs$ and S-factor was 0.19 V/decade). This results originated from generation of oxygen vacancies in oxide semiconductor and interface between gate insulator and semiconductor due to high temperature annealing process. However, the threshold voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{TH}$) of $N_c$-embedded-IGZO TFT was 0.5 V, which showed 1 V less shift than that of a-IGZO TFT under constant current stress during $10^5$ s. This was because there were additionally less increase of interface trap charges in Nc-embedded-IGZO TFT than a-IGZO TFT.

한국 모유의 Lactoferrin 분리와 분만회수 및 연령에 따른 함량 변화에 관한 연구

신현수,임종우 ( Hyun Soo Shin,Jong Woo Lim ) 한국낙농학회 1997 한국낙농학회지 Vol.19 No.1

국소적으로 진행된 담낭암에서 방사선치료의 역할

신현수,성진실,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Seong, Jin-Sil 대한방사선종양학회 2000 대한방사선종양학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Purpose :A retrospective review of 72 patients with locally advanced gallbladder carcinoma, between January 1990 and December 1996, was peformed. Survival results and prognostic factors are analyzed for the patients treated with a various modalities. Materials and Methods :We patients were classified by treatment modality: group 1 included to 27 patients treated with palliative surgery alone, and group 2 for 11 patient treated with palliative surgery and radiotherapy; group 3 for 18 patients not treated by any treatment modality, and group 4 for 16 patients treated with radiotherapy alone. Age distribution ranged from 35 to 80 years with mean of 63 years. The stage was classified by TNM and Nevin's staging system; all patients had an advanced stage more than III. Palliative surgery was done in .: patients and adiuvant radiation therapy (RT) was followed in 11. For 34 patients, in whom no resection was tried, definitive RT was done in 16. Radiation delivered to tumor site and draining nodes up to 45~61.2 Gy using 10 MV linear accelerator. Chemotherapy was given to 25 patients with 5-FU based regimens. Results :Modian suwival time was 10.3 months and 3-year survival rates (3-YSR) were 13.0$\%$ in all patients. Survival rates according to the treatment modalities were as followed; in palliative surgery alone, 3-YSR was 2.5$\%$; in palliative surgery and adjuvant RT, 3-YSR was 45.5$\%$, in no treatment group, 3-VSR were 8.3$\%$; and definitive RT was 13.1$\%$. It was better survival in additional RT after palliative surgery group than palliative surgery alone (p=0.0009). It was better survival in definitive RT group than no treatment group (p=0.002). Significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis were treatment moonlities, the type of tumor and TNM stage. Significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis were treatment modalities, the type of tumor and the presence of jaundice. Conclusion : It is suggested that RT could be potentially of effective as adjuvant treatment modalities after palliative surgery or primary treatment for locally advanced and unresectable gallbladder carcinoma.

사람 혈청의 Alkaline Phosphatase에 대한 Ferrous 및 Ferric 이온과 여러 계면활성제의 영향

신현수,조기승,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Cho, Key-Seung 생화학분자생물학회 1984 한국생화학회지 Vol.17 No.2

사람 혈청의 alkaline phosphatase는 glycine buffer, pH 9.8에서 최고 활성도를 보였고, 저온이나 $50^{\circ}C$의 약간 높은 온도에서도 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. 여러 양이온에 대한 효과를 보면 $Cu^{++}$ 및 $Fe^{}$ 등에 의해서만 심한 저해 효과를 나타냈을 뿐, 시험한 다른 이온들은 약간의 저해 혹은 활성 효과를 나타냈다. $Fe^{++}$이온과 $Fe^{}$이온의 영향을 비교해 본 결과 $Fe^{++}$이온에 의해서는 심한 저해 효과를 보인 반면, $Fe^{}$이온은 현저한 활성 효과를 나타냈는데, 이 결과는 혈액내에서 hemoglobin과 methemoglobin의 ferrous 및 ferric 이온에 의해 효소의 활성도가 control될 수 있을 것이라는 점을 암시해 주고 있다. 한펀 EDTA 존재하에서의 $Fe^{++}$와 $Fe^{}$이온의 영향은 preincubation조건에 따라 두 이온이 모두 활성 효과를 보였는데, EDTA 단독 존재하에서는 철저한 저해 효과를 보였다. 여러 계면활성제의 영향을 보면, 저농도의 palmitoylcarnitine, 인삼 saponin 및 TX-100 등이 현저한 효소 활성 효과를 나타냈고, SDS는 약간의 활성 효과를 SDC는 저해 효과를 보여 주었다. Alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of human serum was shown to have a maximum activity with glycine buffer at pH 9.8 and had a still high activity even with low and a little high temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. Although the enzyme was inhibited seriously in the presence of $Cu^{++}$ and $Fe^{++}$ ions, other cations tested showed little inhibition or activation effects. In comparison of $Fe^{++}$ and $Fe^{}$ ion's effect on enzyme activity, $Fe^{++}$ ion inhibited strongly, on the other hand, the enzyme was activated meaningfully by the addition of $Fe^{}$ ion. This result suggested the possibility that ferrous and ferric ions in hemoglobin and methemoglobin, respectively, could control this enzyme activity in the blood stream. In the presence of EDTA, the enzyme activity was elevated significantly with both of $Fe^{++}$ and $Fe^{}$ ions by the change of preincubation conditions, but EDTA itself had a property to inhibit completely the activity. Among several detergents tested, low concentration of palmitoylcarnitine, ginseng saponin and triton X-100 stimulated significantly the enzyme activity in the experimental conditions used, but the inhibition was shown in high concentration of above detergents and sodium deoxycholate.

사람 혈청의 Alkaline Phosphatase 에 대한 Ferrous 및 Ferric 이온과 여러 계면활성제의 영향

신현수,조기승 ( Hyun Soo Shin,Key Seung Cho ) 생화학분자생물학회 1984 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.2

Alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of human serum was shown to have a maximum activity with glycine buffer at pH 9. 8 and had a still high activity even with low and a little high temperature of 50℃. Although the enzyme was inhibited seriously in the presence of Cu^(++) and Fe^(++) ions, other cations tested showed little inhibition or activation effects. In comparison of Fe^(++) and Fe^(+++) ion`s effect on enzyme activity, Fe^(++) ion inhibited strongly, on the other hand, the enzyme was activated meaningfully by the addition of Fe^(+++) ion. This result suggested the possibility that ferrous and ferric ions in hemoglobin and methemoglobin, respectively, could control this enzyme activity in the blood stream. In the presence of EDTA, the enzyme activity was elevated significantly with both of Fe^(++) and Fe^(++) ions by the change of preincubation conditions, but EDTA itself had a property to inhibit completely the activity. Among several detergents tested, low concentration of palmitoylcarnitine, ginseng saponin and triton X-100 stimulated significantly the enzyme activity in the experimental conditions used, but the inhibition was shown in high concentration of above detergents and sodium deoxycholate.

액와 림프절에 전이된 유방암 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료 및 항암 약물 요법의 치료 성적

신현수,서창옥,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Suh, Chang-Ok 대한방사선종양학회 2000 대한방사선종양학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Purpose : Between January 1983 and December 1988, 218 female Patients with known breast cancer and positive axillary nodes were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy following radical mastectomy. Treatment results were retrospectively analysed at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University of College of Medicine. Materials and Methods : The patients were classified into 3 groups; group I included II patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone; in group 2, 52 patients treated with radiotherapy alone; and in group 3, n patients treated with combined chemo-radiotherapy. The mean age was 44 years and ranged from 27 to 70. The median follow-up time was 51 months. Results :Seven-year relapse free and overall survival rates were 56$\%$ and 67$\%$; in group 1, 50$\%$ and 56$\%$ in group 2, 51$\%$ and 65$\%$ and in group 3, 62$\%$ and 75$\%$ respectively. This difference was not statistically significant(p<0.05). The loco-regional failure rates were 13$\%$ and distant failure rates were 33$\%$. There was less risk of loco-regional failure in group 2 and 3 which included radiotherapy (p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in the rates of distant failure( p>0.05). By univariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor affecting relapse-free survival was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the overall survival significantly correlated with the primary tumor site, the number or percentage of positive axillary nodes, and stage. But in multivariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor was treatment modality. By univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the rates of overall failure and distant failure, the significant prognostic factors was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the risk of the loco-regional failure significantly correlated with the treatment modality. Conclusion :In conclusion, these results suggest a potential for decreasing the risk of loco-regional failure with the addition of postoperative radiotherapy to chemotherapy in the premenopausal patients, and in the patients with number or percentage of positive nodes more than 4 or 1/3. The results of this study suggest that the combined chemo-radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment following radical mastectomy was the most effective modaliw in groups of 2$\~$5 cm sized tumor, stage IIB, and in patients with more than 4 or 1/3 of number or percentage of positive nodes.

Treatment Result in Advanced T3 and T4 Glottic Carcinoma: YUMC Experience

신현수,이형식,정은지,김귀언,노준규,서창옥,김광문,홍원표,Shin Hyun Soo,Lee Hyung Sik,Chung Eun Ji,Kim Gwi Eon,Loh Juhn Kyu,Suh Chcng Ok,Kim Kwang Hoon,Hong Won Pyo The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2

1980년 1월부터 1988년 9월사이에 연세대학병원, 연세암센터 치료방사선과 및 이비인후과에서 치료받았던 68예의 T3, T4병기의 성문암 환자를 대상으로 후향적분석을 하였다. 이 중 34명은 방사선 치료 단독으로 치료하였고 34명은 성문절제술후 방사선치료를 하였으며 이들 환자의 최소 추적기간은 2년이었고 54명 $(79\%)$에서 5년 추적조사가 가능하였다. 치료후 국소관해율은 방사선치료 단독군에서는 $51\%$, 수술 및 수술후 방사선치료군에서는 $79\%$이었고 임파절 음성군에서는$72\%,\;76\%$였으며 임파절 양성군에서는$31\%,\;81\%$이었다. 이들의 치료실패요인은 대부분 국소 국한적 이었고 30명 $(44\%)$에서 관찰되었다. 치료에 따른 5년 생존율은 방사선치료 단독군에서는 $37\%$, 수술 및 수술후 방사선치료군에서는 $76\%$로서 T3, T5병기의 성문암환자에 있어서 수술시 행후 방사선치료를 병용하는 복합요법 이 더 좋은 치료결과를 얻을 수 있음을 알았다. 그러나 임파절 음성군에서는 방사선치료 단독군과 수술 및 수술 후 방사선치료군을 비교해 본 결과 5년 생존율이 $55\%$와 $73\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 따라서 본 저자들은 T3, T4병기의 성문암치료시 수술 및 방사선치료 병용요법이 더 좋은 치료결과 를 얻을 수 있지만 임파절 음성군에서는 기능적인 보존측면에서 방사선치료가 일차적 차료방법으로서 효과적이리라 사료된다. Between January 1980 and September 1988,08 patients with advanced T3 & T4 glottic carcinoma were treated with RT and surgery/RT in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center and ENT, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The mean age was 60 years old (range 33 to 79 years old). The 34 patients were treated with irradiation alone, and the remaining 34 patients with surgery and irradiation. Initial nodal presentation was $37\% (25/68);\;31\%$ (l1/34) in RT alone group and $41\%$ (14/34) in combined treatment group. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. The local control rate after treatment was $47\%$ in RT alone group and $65\%$ in combined treatment group; $57\%$ for node negative and $27\%$ for node positive patients treated with RT alone; $65\%$ for node negative and $54\%$ for node positive patients treated with combined treatment. The treatment failure was observed in 30 patients; 14 patients for primary local failure, 6 patients for regional nodal failure,5 patients for local and regional failure, 26 patients for primary failure and/or distant metastasis, and 2 patient for regional failure and/or distant metastasis. The overall 5-year suwival rate was $57\%;\;37\%$ in RT alone group and $70\%$ in combined treatment group; $55\%$ for node negative and $20\%$ for node positive patients treated with RT alone; $73\%$ for node negative and $77\%$ for node positive patients treated with combined treatment. In conclusion, the combined treatment groups in the treatment of advanced 73 and 74 glottic cancer showed the better results in local control rates and S-year actuarial survival rates than RT alone group. We suggest that total laryngectomy and postoperative RT in the most patients of advanced glottic cancer were performed. However, in cases of node negative patints, RT alone is prefer as a treatment modality over combined surgery and RT since the treatment results were comparable and furthermore functional preservation could be achieved.

우유 알레르기와 저항원성 유단백 제조 기술

신현수 (Hyun-Soo Shin) 한국축산식품학회 2021 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.10 No.2

[범세계화와 문화 변동] 르네상스 인문주의와 스위스 종교개혁

신현수(Hyun-Soo Shin) 한국인문사회과학회 2003 현상과 인식 Vol.27 No.3

Today's world is characterized as globalization. The highly-developed scientific technology brings the world into one network and one circle of culture. The formation and change of a local culture is dependent upon time-spirit with which people in the world share and is based on all forms of human life and culture. How does this globalization work Out the change of a local culture?<br/> This article is to answer to the above question from the Christian perspective. It focuses on how the 14-15th century Renaissance humanism brought about the new religious culture of the Swiss Reformation. The paper demonstrates that Renaissance humanism is a phenomenon of globalization in that it was a time-spirit determining all contemporary cultures of the whole Europe including Italy, and that the movement as such a phenomenon brought about the 16th century Swiss Reformation.<br/> The article first considers the basic nature of Renaissance humanism. The Renaissance humanism movement concerned not only with the areas of literary and art but also with all realms of culture. It was an expression of time-spirit which settled on all ways of human we and value. In this sense, Renaissance humanism can be called a phenomenon of globalization.<br/> Next, it explores the process of the spread-out of the movement. Renaissance humanism did not remain only in Italy, bur spread out into all other European countries.<br/> First, Northern European humanism was decisively influenced by Italian humanism at every stage of its development. It adapted the latter to the real context of Northern Europe. Its basic ideals are bonae litterae -written and spoken eloquence, a religious program directed towards the corporate revival of the Christian Church, and pacifist. Its representative was Desidetius Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536).<br/> Second, the humanism movement of the Iberian Peninsula was literary, philosophical, and religious.<br/> Third, the Italian humanism was decisive for the development of Central and East European humanism. Renaissance humanism influenced broadly and deeply the civilization of the whole Europe. It was contemporary time-spirit, thereby being the ground of cultural activities of European countries. This supports the idea that Renaissance was a phenomenon of globalization.<br/> Finally, it examines how Renaissance humanism as a phenomenon of globalization effected the Swiss religious culture. First, the impact of Renaissance humanism to the Swiss Reformation was investigated. The impact was decisive. There follows an account of the characteristics of the new religious culture which Renaissance humanism brought about in Switzerland.

1998년도 우리나라 유방암 치료 현황 조사

신현수(Hyun Soo Shin),이형식(Hyung Sik Lee),장세경(Sei Kyung Chang),정은지(Eun Ji Chung),김진희( Jin Hee Kim),오윤경(Yoon Kyung Oh),전미선(Mi Sun Chun),허승재(Seung Jae Huh),노준규(John Jun Kyu Loh),서창옥(Chang-Ok Suh) 대한방사선종양학회 2004 대한방사선종양학회지 Vol.22 No.3

목 적: 유방암의 치료에서 표준화된 치료와 방사선치료의 적정 사용을 제고하기 위하여 유방암으로 진단받은 환자 들의 치료 현황을 전국적으로 조사하였다. 특히 유방암의 최신 치료법이고 방사선치료가 필수적인 유방보존술의 시행 빈도를 분석함으로써 우리나라 유방암 치료 수준을 평가하고 개선점을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 1998년 6월까지 유방암으로 최초 진단받은 환자들의 임상 특성과 치료 상황을 조사하였다. 조사대상 병원은 전국 병원을 지역별, 병원군별(3차병원 대 종합병원), 방사선치료시설 유무로 구별하여 표본병원으로 선정하였다. 총 27개 병원에 연구원들이 직접 방문하여 의무기록지와 암등록지를 토대로 조사표를 작성하였다. 결 과: 유방암환자 총 1,048명에 대한 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 연령별 분포는 40대가 33.4%로 가장 많았고 50대가 28.5%, 30대가 22%이었으며 평균연령은 46.4세였다. 수술 후 병기 분포는 AJCC stage II가 58.4%, stage I이 23.5%, stage 0가 6%이었으며 stage II 이하로 조기에 진단되는 비율이 87.8%였다. 전체 환자의 64.8%가 전유방적출술을 받았고 26%의 환자가 유방보존적 수술을 받았으며 4.5%는 항암화학요법을 받은 후 수술을 하였고 4.6%의 환자들은 수술을 시행하지 않았다. AJCC 병기 0기에서는 47.5%, 1기에서는 54.4%, II기에서는 20.3%가 유방보존술을 받았다. 유방보존술 후 방사선치료 시행율은 1기 93.4%, II기 89.9%, III기 33.3%이었고 유방절제술 후 방사선치료는 III기의 45%에서 시행되었다. 지역과 방사선치료시설 유‧무에 따라서 유방보존술 비율이 달랐다. 결 론: 방사선치료의 활용도가 적정 수준에 미흡했는데 이는 의료진의 인식 부족과 주변에 활용가능한 방사선치료 시설의 부족, 경제적 여건 등이 원인으로 생각된다. 유방보존술의 활용도 역시 선진국 수준에는 미치지 못하고 있는데 이는 우리나라 유방암환자들이 유방을 보존하고자 하는 욕구가 적고 유방보존술의 장점에 대한 인식이 부족하기 때문으로 생각된다. 또한 방사선치료 시설이 없는 종합병원에서 유방보존술 시행 빈도가 상대적으로 적은 것을 관찰할 수 있었는데 주변 여건에 따라서 치료 방침이 결정될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: In order to improve the proper use of radiotherapy and breast-conserving treatment (BCT) in the management of breast cancer, current status of breast cancer treatment in Korea was surveyed nationwide and the use of BCT were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Patients characteristics and treatment pattern of 1048 breast cancer patients from 27 institutions diagnosed between January, 1998 and June, 1998 were analyzed. The incidence of receiving BCT was analyzed according to the stage, age, geography, type of hospital, and the availability of radiotherapy facility. Results: Radical mastectomy was performed in 64.8% of total patients and 26% of patients received breastconserving surgery (BCS). The proportions of patients receiving BCT were 47.5% in stage 0, 54.4% in stage I, and 20.3% in stage II. Some of the patients (6.6% of stage I, 10.1% of stage II and 66.7% of stage III) not received radiotherapy after BCS. Only 45% of stage III patients received post-operative radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. The proportion of patients receiving BCT was different according to the geography and availability of radiotherapy facilities. Conclusion: Radiotherapy was not fully used in the management of breast cancer, even in the patients received breast-conserving surgery. The proportion of the patients who received BCT was lower than the report of western countries. To improve the application of proper management of breast cancer, every efforts such as a training of physicians, public education, and improving accessibility of radiotherapy facilities should be done. The factors predicting receipt of BCT were accessibility of radiotherapy facility and geography. Also, periodic survey like current research is warranted.