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송영경,백영미,장병율,안승국,Song, Young Kyoung,Baek, Young Mee,Chang, Byung Yul,An, Seung Kook 한국섬유공학회 2016 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.53 No.6
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and comfort properties of fabrics for the development of fire-retardant work clothes. Specimens used in this study included six fire-retardant and welding work clothes and one fire-retardant fabric. Although all samples were made of cotton, samples A, B, and C had fire-retardant textile certifications. In addition, sample G was a fire-retardant fabric with conductive threads. The mechanical properties of all specimens were measured using the Kawabata evaluation system for fabrics (KES-FB). Results showed that A, B, C, and G had low values, in terms of tensile properties, of tensile energy (WT), but excellent shearing and bending properties. Thick cotton working clothes were observed to have high shearing prepertics, and as to surface properties, twill fabrics were found to have smoother texture. For the comfort properties of fabrics, A, B, C and G had high $Q_{max}$ and thermal conductance values, therefore they were better in terms of cool touch. However, they were found to have low air permeability.
Young Kyoung Song(송영경),Soeun Eo(어소은),Sang Hee Hong(홍상희),Won Joon Shim(심원준) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
The vibrational spectroscopy such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman microscope is popular microplastic analytical method for their quality and quantity. The spectroscopy can confirm the polymer composition, however, still it is unavoidable to human bias by manually selecting plastic-like particles for FTIR analysis using microscope. We tried to find best practice for microplastic analysis by reducing time demand, human bias (false negative) and automatic identification bias (false positive and false negative) using spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman microscopy). The manual analysis under transmission mode, semi-automated method using ultrafast mapping and spectrum profiling, and automated method using ultrafast mapping, spectrum profiling and fully automatic identification were compared. In the automated method, to check false positive rate during identification, all spectra were manually duble-checked after automated method have done. The automated method took the shortest time (3.2±0.5 h, which is occupied time by operator) to analyze whole filterpaper (Ø25 mm), but the polymer types were limited to the number of profile spectrums, fiber could not be detected, and the rate of false positive was 80±15%. While, semi-auto analytical method using spectrum profiling was suitable for microplastic analysis in all aspects. It took shorter time than those of manual analysis (manual: 6.1±0.8 h and semi-auto: 4.0±0.6 h), fiber could be distinguished by chemical and mapping image. And 22±12% (false negative) more microplastic particles were detected using semi-auto than 43 using manual analysis. Two types of spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and Raman) for microplastics were compared in four different methods, manual identification in ATR and transmission mode and semi-auto method using FTIR, and manual using Raman. The analysis duration was overwhelmingly taken for long time (34 ± 1.5 h) in Raman followed by transmission (5.6 ± 0.3 h), ATR (4.8 ± 0.9 h) and semiauto (3.6 ± 0.5 h). However, the detected number of microplastics using Raman were 1.4, 1.9 and 3 times higher than using semiauto, transmission and ATR mode, respectively. And the range of 0-50 ㎛ was peaked in size distribution of Raman, but the range of 50-100 ㎛ was peaked in size distribution of the others. Depending on the microplastic size range of interest, it could be appropriate identification method.
채두현,김인성,송영경,김성우,김승규,Chae, Doo-Hyun,Kim, In-Sung,Song, Young Kyoung,Kim, Sungwoo,Kim, Seung-Kyu 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.1
미세플라스틱의 분포, 거동, 생태계 영향 등은 해양생태계 보전을 위한 중요한 연구관심사가 되고 있다. 그러나 국내외적으로 통일된 조사 및 정성 정량 분석법이 제시되어 있지 않아 자료들의 비교에 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 해수에 잔류하는 미세플라스틱에 대한 국내외 조사방법들을 고찰하고, 불확실성을 증가시킬 수 있는 과정들에 대해 재현성여부를 평가하여 적용가능한 조사 및 정성 정량 분석법을 확립하였다. 또, 확립된 방법을 적용해 인천경기연안 해수에 잔류하는 미세플라스틱의 분포특성에 대한 사전조사 결과를 제시하였다. 해수는 표면해수층(surface microlayer; SML)과 해수층(subsurface water; SSW)로 나누어 SML층은 2 mm mesh screen를 이용해서 채취하였고 SSW층은 동물플랑크톤채집용 trawl net(mesh size=$330{\mu}m$)과 식물플랑크톤채집용 hand net(mesh size=$20{\mu}m$)을 이용해서 채취하였다. 채취된 양에 기초해 계산된 SML층은 대략 $100{\mu}m$로써 SML층을 잘 반영하는 것으로 판단된다. 미세플라스틱의 우점적인 크기는 < $300{\mu}m$으로 관측되어 SSW층에 대한 채취는 trawl-net보다는 hand-net이 더 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 적외선 분광분석(IR)을 통해 플라스틱 여부와 polymer성분을 결정하였는데, SML에 대해서는 IR분석결과에 기초해 계수한 농도와 육안계수법에 기초한 농도가 잘 일치하였으나 SSW에 대해서는 그렇지 못해서 기존 연구들의 육안계수에 의한 결과 값들이 불확실할 수 있음이 관측되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 방법을 적용해서 사전조사한 결과 인천경기연안 지역 해수 중 잔류하는 미세플라스틱 농도는 낙동강 하구연안에서 관측된 값과 유사한 범위에 있었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석방법은 미세플라스틱에 대한 향후 연구를 위해 중요한 기초자료로 활용되리라 사료된다. Despite of emerging and increasing concerns to microplastics, no standard methodology has not been proposed for determination of microplastics. This study aims to develop the analysis method for microplastics in seawater by overviewing methodologies proposed by previous studies and by assessing some processes in those methodologies which possibly cause uncertainties in microplastic determination. Furthermore, we present preliminary results of distribution characteristics of microplastics in seawater of Incheon/Kyeonggi coastal region which is based on our new methodology. Microplastics in surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) were collected using mesh screen and planktonic nets (trawl net with $330{\mu}m$ mesh size and hand net with $20{\mu}m$ mesh size), respectively. Microplastics with < $300{\mu}m$ was predominant, indicating hand net as the better collection tool for SSW. As for SML, FT-IR based microplastic concentration was well matched with naked-eye based concentration which has been used in most of previous studies. However, a poor relationship was observed for SSW, indicating that concentration data of previous SSW studies should be corrected. Incheon/Kyeonggi bay seawater contained the similar concentration range with those in coastal region of the Nakdong River. Our methodology can be used as a basic tool for further microplatic studies.