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손철호 한국산림경영인협회 1998 山林經營 Vol.133 No.-
최근 전세계적으로 강구되고 있는 지속가능한 산림경영을 위한 수단의 하나로서 선진국 및 목재생산국을 중심으로 급속하게 전개되고 있는 산림인증제도에 대하여 이번호와 다음호에 소개하고자 한다. 산림인증제도는 국제기구 또는 독립된 기구에서 마련한 기준에 부합되게 산림을 관리하였을 때, 이를 인증하는 제도로서 만일 이 제도가 정착될 경우, 산림을 관리하고 있는 신주들이나 독림가에게는 매우 의미있는 제도라 할 수 있다. 그리고 이글은 World Wildlife Fund(WWF)에서 발행한 산림인증제도에 관한 소책자를 중심으로 작성된 것임을 밝혀둔다.
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손철호 대한영상의학회 1991 대한영상의학회지 Vol.27 No.6
CT has become the imaging method used most often in the investigation of abdominal trauma in children because of the accuracy, utility and reproducibility. CT permits detection of multifocal injuries in the abdomen and retroperitoneum and may reduce the length of hospital day. Between Sept. 1984 and Mar. 1990, abdominal CT of 102 children with abdominal trauma and clinical suspicion of intraabdominal organ damage were evaluated retrospectively. Abdominal injury was diagnosed in 78 children. Ages ranged form 13 months to 15 years(mean, 7.9 years). Fifth six(72%) were boys and 22(28%) were girls, and the most common age group were between four and six years age(25 cases, 32%). Traffic accidents(50 cases, 64%) were the commonest cause of injury. The most common CT mainfestation was hemoperitoneum(45 cases, 58%). The liver and spleen were most commonly injured, in 29 patients(37%) and 31 patients(40%) respectively. Four died from multiorgan &/or large vessel injuries, and one from brain injury. Most of the patients(62 casess, 79%) were managed conservatively. Surgery was performed in ten patients. Although CT was highly sensitive in detection of patenchymal injury of solid orgnas and hematoma of peritoneal and retroperitoneal spaces, the evaluation of pancreatic and intestinal injuries occasionally were difficult with CT.
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3.OT MR 기기를 이용한 확산강조영상에서 b Value의 증가에 따른 정상 뇌의 신호강도의 변화
손철호,Son, Cheol-Ho 대한영상의학회 2003 대한영상의학회지 Vol.49 No.6
Purpose: Using diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), to evaluate the signal intensity characteristics of normal adult brain as diffusion gradient strength (b value) increases from 1,000 to 3,000 s/mm$^2$. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers with neither neurologic symptoms nor pathologic findings at axial and sagittal T2-weighted MR imaging were involved in this study. All images were obtained with a 3.0T MR scanner. Six sets of spin-echo echo-planar images were acquired in the axial plane using progressively increasing strengths of diffusion-sensitizing gradients (corresponding to b values of 0, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 3,000 s/mm$^2$). All imaging paremeters other than TE remained constant. Changes in normal white-gray matter signal intensity observed at variable b-value DWI were qualitatively analysed, and the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in six anatomic regions (frontal and parietal white matter, genu and splenium corporis callosi, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the thalamus) quantitatively, and the ratios were averaged and compared with the average SNR of 1,000 s/mm DWI. Results: As gradient strength increased from 1,000 to 3,000 s/mm$^2$, both gray-and white-matter structures diminished in signal intensity, and images obtained at a b value of 3,000 s/mm$^2$ appeared very noisy. White matter became progressively hyperintense to gray matter as the diffusion sensitizing gradient increased, especially at the centrum semiovale, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the splenium corporis callosi, but the genu corporis callosi, showed exceptional intermediate low signal intensity. At quantitative assessment, the signal-to-noise ratio decreased as the diffusion sensitizing gradient increased. Relative to the images obtained at a b value of 1,000 s/mm$^2$, average SNRs were 0.71 (b=1,500 s/mm$^2$), 0.52 (b=2,000 s/mm$^2$), 0.41(b=2,500 s/mm$^2$), 0.33 (b=3,000 s/mm$^2$). Conclusion: As the diffusion sensitizing gradient increased, the signal-to-noise ratio of brain structures diminished, especially at a b value of 3,000 s/mm$^2$, and white matter became relatively hyperintense compared to gray matter. In order to avoid misdiagnosis, it is important to be aware of the nature of normal changes in the signal intensity of gray-white matter occurring at high-b-value DWI
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손철호,Robert J. Sevick,Richard Frayne,장혁원,김상표,김대광 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.1
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in normal brain MRI findings between under 3.0 Tesla (T) and 1.5T MRI conditions with the use of the fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Materials and Methods: Eleven normal adults underwent imaging with the use of the FLAIR sequences on both 1.5T and 3.0T scanners. Two neuroradiologists compared the signal intensity (SI) of the centrum semiovale (CS), pulvinar thalami (PT) and normal iron deposit structures (IDSs) on the 3.0T and 1.5T FLAIR images, and they evaluated three MRI findings qualitatively: high SI of CS; low SI of PT; low SI of IDS. We also evaluated signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for the CS, PT, red nucleus and cerebellar dentate nucleus on the FLAIR images. Results: Based on qualitative analyses, the 3.0T FLAIR images showed all three MRI findings for all cases. Low SI for the PT in seven cases (64%), high SI of the CS in one case (9%) and low SI of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in one case (9%) were visualized only on 3.0T FLAIR images. The mean SNRs of the PT, red nucleus and dentate nucleus in patients where 3.0T FLAIR imaging was performed were significantly lower as compared with the SNRs on 1.5T FLAIR images. The SNR of the CS was not significantly different between under the two magnetic field strengths (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that normal, high and low SIs of the CS, PT and IDS on 3.0T FLAIR images were depicted more frequently and more prominently as compared with those on 1.5T FLAIR images in normal adult brains. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in normal brain MRI findings between under 3.0 Tesla (T) and 1.5T MRI conditions with the use of the fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Materials and Methods: Eleven normal adults underwent imaging with the use of the FLAIR sequences on both 1.5T and 3.0T scanners. Two neuroradiologists compared the signal intensity (SI) of the centrum semiovale (CS), pulvinar thalami (PT) and normal iron deposit structures (IDSs) on the 3.0T and 1.5T FLAIR images, and they evaluated three MRI findings qualitatively: high SI of CS; low SI of PT; low SI of IDS. We also evaluated signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for the CS, PT, red nucleus and cerebellar dentate nucleus on the FLAIR images. Results: Based on qualitative analyses, the 3.0T FLAIR images showed all three MRI findings for all cases. Low SI for the PT in seven cases (64%), high SI of the CS in one case (9%) and low SI of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in one case (9%) were visualized only on 3.0T FLAIR images. The mean SNRs of the PT, red nucleus and dentate nucleus in patients where 3.0T FLAIR imaging was performed were significantly lower as compared with the SNRs on 1.5T FLAIR images. The SNR of the CS was not significantly different between under the two magnetic field strengths (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that normal, high and low SIs of the CS, PT and IDS on 3.0T FLAIR images were depicted more frequently and more prominently as compared with those on 1.5T FLAIR images in normal adult brains.
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