영양 ; 30 . 브로일러의 단백질과 에너지요구량 결정을 위한 연구 ;Ⅱ. 사료내의 다양한 단백질과 에너지수준이 브로일러의 영양소 이용율 , 복부지방 및 내장의 크기에 미치는 영향

손광수,한인규 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1983 제40회 학술발표회 논문초록 Vol.- No.-

MANNOPROTEIN 과 GLUCAN 의 첨가가 쥐의 성장과 NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY 에 미치는 영향

손광수,조광근,최윤재,윤연화,김재영,한영근,문태현,김성찬 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 효모 세포벽, 또는 효모의 세포벽으로부터 본 연구에서 확립한 방법으로 분리한 mannoprotein(MP)과 glucan(Glu)을 동물에 급여하므로써 동물의 일당중체량, 일당사료섭취량과 사료:중체량의 비율, 그리고 동물이 가지고 있는 면역기능의 활성화정도를 조사하는데 있다. 산업적 측면에서 대량 추출하기 위하여 기존에 있는 방법을 개선하여 변형된 방법으로 효모세포벽제제를 분리하였다. 본 연구에서 분리된 효모세포벽제제(cell wall, mannoprotein glucan)와 시판중인 효모세포벽제제(Bio-Mos^(TM))를 0.1%로 4주령 횐쥐에 4주간 급여하였다. 일당중체량은 개선된 방법으로 분리한 glucan을 급여한 처리구에서 가장 높은 중체량을 나타냈으며, 다음으로 mannoprotein 급여구가 높았으며 cell wall과 시제품(Bio-Mos^(TM)) 급여구에서 낮은 중체량을 보였다. 일당사료섭취량에 있어서 glucan 급여구가 cell wall과 시제품 급여구들과 비교할 때 높았으며 사료:중체량 비율 또한 glucan 급여구에서 가장 좋은 경향을 보였다. 사양 4주깨 횐쥐로부터 spleen을 채취하여 YACl 세포에 대한 natural killer cell의 cytotoxicity를 분석한 결과 본 실험실에서 분리한 mannoprotein과 glucan이 면역 증진효과가 큰것으로 보였다. Mannoprotein 급여구와 glucan 급여구에서 대조구와 cell wall 급여구보다 면역 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며(MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), mannoprotein 급여구가 glucan 급여구보다 natural killer cell의 활성도가 높았다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 효모세포벽, mannoprotein과 glucan을 횐쥐에 급여했을 때 성장능력에 있어서 유의성 있는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만 세포배양수준에서 spleen natural killer cell의 activity를 증가시키는 효과가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the average daily gam, average daily feed intake, feed gain ratio and immune system activation of rats when feeding yeast cell wall, mannoprotein (MP) and glucan (Glu) which were isolated from yeast cell wall. In order to isolate the yeast cell wall products in large scale, we used the improved isolation method basing on the typical one. In this study, yeast cell wall products (cell wall, mannoprotein, glucan) and commercial product (Bio-Mos^(TM)) were fed to 4-week old rats by 0.l% during 4 weeks experimental period. Glucan(extracted from improved method) provided the highest average daily gain. Mannoprotein treated group showed the second highest average daily gain. Cell wall and Bia-Mos^(TM) fed groups showed lower average daily gain. Treatment fed glucan also showed higher average daily feed intake than that of cell wall and commercial Bio-Mos^(TM) groups. And in feed: gain ratio, glucan fed rats showed the respectively good results. At the 4th week of feeding trial, rats' spleens were obtained from all the treatments to evaluate the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against YACl tumor cell. The results indicated that mannoprotein and glucan had the significant effects on activating immune system. Rats of mannoprotein and glucan treated groups showed the higher immune activity than that of cell wall and control groups (MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), and natural killer cell activity of mannoprotein fed rats was higher than that of glucan fed rats (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the addition of yeast cell wall, mannoprotein and glucan to the diet of rats did not provide the significant effects on growth performance, it was clear that the mannoprotein and glucan isolated in this study could stimulate the activity of spleen natural killer cell in the cell culture.

라이신 : DE 비율이 육성된의 성장과 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

손광수,김지훈,한인규,정현정 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.4

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of energy:amino acid ratio on growth performance and nutrients digestibilities in growing pigs. A total of 180 growing pigs with an average body weight 15.96 ㎏ were randomly allotted into six dietary treatments in a two × three factorial arrangement (two levels of DE; 3,450 (L) and 3,500 (H) kcal DE/㎏ and three energy:amino acid ratios of 2.9 (L), 3.2 (M), 3.5 (H) ㎎ of lysine/㎉ of DE) to determine the optimum ratio of energy:amino acid ratio. For the determination of ileal digestibility, 24 pigs were subjected to a cannulation surgery and involved in a metabolic trial. ADG was not different among dietary groups except between LL and HH group. No significant difference was found between two energy levels, while high Lys:DE resulted in a significant improvement in ADG. Feed intake was not affected by Lys:DE. Digestibility of proximate nutrients generally were not influenced by dietary treatments. Howver, pigs fed HH diets showed significantly higher CP, CF and GE digestibility compared to pigs fed other diets (P$lt; 0.05). Between energy levels, pigs fed high enrgy showed higher digestibility of CP, CF and GE. Among Lys:DE ratios, only CF digestibility responded to increased Lys:DE ratio. The essential amino acids digestibility did not respond to the increase in lysine level in low energy group, while in high energy group average essential amino acids digestibility was increased as the lysine level increased. Pigs fed HH diets showed sinificantly higher lysine and average essential amino acids digestibility. In regard to non-essential amino acid digestibility, generally pigs fed HH diets showed higher value than pigs fed other diets. Between energy levels, digestibility of amino acids did not respond to the increase in energy content except TYR and GLU. However, pigs fed high Lys:DE diet showed higher digestibility in most amino acids except GLU and PRO. Total amino acids digestibility was higher in pigs fed high Lys:DE diet and this result was not consistent to the result of CP digestibility. Based on the result of this study, the optimum Lys:DE ratio was appeared to be higher 3.5 ㎎ lysine/㎉ DE, which is in close agreement with many recent reports.

만난올리고당과 단백질 수준이 21 일령 이유자돈의 성장 및 면역상태에 미치는 영향

손광수,한인규,김진동,현영,김태중,우희종 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mannanoligosaccharide as an immunostimulator with different protein levels on the growth performance, proximate nutrient digestibilities, apparent amino acid digestibilities and immune status in pigs weaned at 21 days old. One hundred-fifty three way crossbred (Landrace x Large White x Duroc) pigs averaged 6.08kg of body weight, and weaned at 21 days of age were assigned to six treatments by a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement [two level of MOS (0 and 0.1%) and three level of protein (20%, 23% and 26%)]. Each treatment has 5 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. The pen is an experimental unit. Pigs fed diet with MOS had improved weight gain and feed consumption (p$lt;0.05) during the entire period, however, the protein level did not improved growth performance, and no interaction between the protein and MOS levels was observed. Although there was no significant difference, pigs fed the diet with high (26%) or medium (23%) protein showed better average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency than pigs fed diet with low (20%) protein regardless of MOS addition. The protein level did not affected the nutrient digestibilities of experimental diets. And, also, there was no interaction between protein level and MOS addition in digestibilities. Only dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in pigs fed the diet with MOS than pigs fed diet without MOS (p$lt;0.05). There was no main effect of protein level and MOS addition, and no interaction effect between protein level and MOS addition in essential and non-essential amino acid digestibilities. Protein level or MOS addition did not affected immune parameters in pigs. Additionally, no interaction effect on immune parameters was observed between protein level and MOS addition. However, pigs fed diet with the medium (23%) protein showed lower CD4+:CD8+ ratio than pigs fed other diets regardless of MOS addition, and pigs fed diets with the MOS showed low immune status such as low CD4 positive lymphocytes, high CD8 positive lymphocytes, low CD4+:CD8+ ratio during the overall period without considering protein level. In conclusion, the pigs fed diets with the immunostimulator like MOS improved growth performance and maintained low immune system when compared to pigs fed diets without the MOS. However, there was no significant difference in growth performance and immune status between protein levels.

밥 딜런을 풀기 위한 몇 가지 키워드들-저항 가수, 시인, 아웃사이더

손광수 심미안 2011 문학들 Vol.- No.24

유기산제의 첨가가 조기이유자돈의 성장 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

손광수,한인규,배수한,정원덕,현영 한국축산학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various acidifiers on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of early weaned pigs. A total of 150 crossbred pigs (5.07 ㎏ average body weight) were allotted to six treatments, which were 1) citric acid, 1.5%; 2) fumaric acid, 1.5%; 3) calcium formate, 1.5%; 4) Acidlac^ⓡ, 0.2%; 5) Stacidem^ⓡ, 0.2% and 6) control (without any acidifiers). Eighteen pigs fitted with simple T-cannulas were used to determine fecal and ileal nutrients digestibilities for two weeks. During overall experimental period, Acidlac and Stacidem treatments were significantly better than the control in feed efficiency (P$lt;0.05), however, in average daily gain and average daily feed intake, there was no significant difference among treatments (P$gt;0.05). During phase I, the fecal digestibility of protein by citric acid treatment was significantly higher than treatments supplemented with other acidifiers (P$lt;0.05). Acidifier treatments tended to improve ileal digestibility of dry matter when compared with control. Acidifiers seemed to improve ileal digestibilities of proximate nutrients in early weaned pigs when compared with control. During phase I, citric acid treatment was highest in fecal digestibilities of essential amino acids among treatments and was significantly higher than calcium formate treatment in fecal digestibility of isoleucine (P$lt;0.05). Dwing phase II, Acidlac and Stacidem treatment showed higher fecal amino acid digestibilities than other treatments. Fecal digestibilities of valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine by Stacidem treatment was significantly higher than those of citric acid and control treatments (P$lt;0.05). In ileal digestibilities of total amino acids, both Acidlac and Stacidem treatments were higher than others.

옥수수 - 대두박 사료내 미생물 Phytase 의 첨가가 브로일러의 생산능력에 미치는 영향

손광수,권관,권찬호,장재익,주종철,유문일,최양웅 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.5

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a domestic phytase originated from bacterial source on performance of starter and Bower broiler chicks. It was basically designed to meet NRC requirement for the contents of calcium and phosphorus when the contents of Ca and P in the feeds were met to 100%(Control; C) and 80%(P0) of the NRC requirement. Three different bacterial phytase(0, 300, 500PU) were supplemented to basal diet and compared it's effect on growth performance, nutritional digestibility, fecal N and P excretion, tibial Ca and P content. A total 200 broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replications per treatment, 10 chicks of each replication. The weight gain(1,581.6g) in control treatment(C) was slightly higher than that of P0(1,557.7g). Although phytase treatments(P300 and P500) tended to show higher weight gain as compared to treatments without phytase, there were no significant differences among the treatments. No differences were observed among dietary treatments for feed efficiency although broiler chicks fed control diet (1.94) tended to show slightly better feed efficiency than those fed P0 diet(1.99). The excretion of P per kg weight gain tended to be decreased by 17% when 300PU of bacterial phytase was fed to starter and by 10% when 500PU was fed to Bower. However, there were no statistical significances among the treatments. It was concluded that the addition of phytase had neither affects in improving of utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat, nor efficiencies of Ca and P. The supplemental of phytase at the level of 500 ppm for both stages of broiler chick diets was assumed to appropriate.

[북한의 금융구조 변화 (下)] 북한의 전화돈과 모바일 결제 앱 ‘울림’

손광수 북한연구소 2020 北韓 Vol.- No.582

브로일러의 단백질과 에너지 요구량 결정에 관한 연구 1 . 사료내의 다양한 단백질과 에너지수준이 브로일러의 성장에 미치는 영향

손광수,한인규 ( K . S . Sohn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.4

In order to determine the optimum dietary protein and energy requirements of broiler chicks, 480 chicks of meat-breed (Maniker) were fed 12 kinds of diet formulated to contain the various level of dietary protein for starters (21, 23, 25%), for growers (18, 20, 22%), and for finishers (16, 18, 20%), respectively, and dietary energy (2800, 3000, 3200, 3400 ㎉ ME/㎏) according to 3 x 4 factorial design. The results of the present study were summarized as follows. 1. According to the results of starter periods. body weight gain and feed efficiency were considerably (p$lt;0.01) improved but feed intake was decreased as the levels of dietary energy increased. No difference was observed in the growth rate by the chicks fed the diet containing different level of dietary protein. Feed efficiency was significantly (p$lt;0.01) improved as the level of protein increased. 2. In the grower periods, the growth rate and feed conversion rate were improved as the levels of dietary protein and energy increased until an adequate level of protein was supplied, although no remarkable difference among the protein levels. Feed consumption was increased with decreasing levels of dietary protein and energy. 3. For finishing broiler chickens, dietary protein levels had some significant effects on body weight. Chicks receiving 20% protein had poorer body weight gain as compared with those receiving 1.8 or 16% protein levels. Feed consumption was increased as the level of dietary energy decreased. Feed conversion eras considerably (p$lt;0.01) improved as the level of dietary energy and protein increased. 4. According to the results of overall feeding trials from 0 to 9 weeks, total body weight gain from starters to finishers was increased with increasing level of energy. Total feed consumption was remarkably (p$lt;0.01) higher for the low energy group than for the high energy group. Overall feed conversion rate was improved as the level of dietary energy and protein increased. 5. There were no statistical differences in mortality of the experimental birds due to dietary treatment. 6. Feed cost per kilogram body weight gain of birds fed the diet of 23-20-18%-3000, 21-18-16%-3200, 21-18-16%-3000, and 21-18-16%-2800 ㎉ ME/㎏ groups was less than that of chicks fed other diets. Considering feed cost, body weight gain and feed efficiency, the best results were obtained at 23-20-18%-3200 ㎉ ME/㎏, 23-20-18%-3000 ㎉ ME/㎏, 21-18-16%-3200 ㎉ ME/㎏, and 21-18-16%-3000 ㎉ ME/㎏ groups. According to the above results, it could be concluded that a diet containing 23% protein and 3200 ㎉ ME/㎏ for starters, 20% protein and 3200 ㎉ ME/㎏ for growers, 16 to 18% protein and 3000 ㎉ ME/㎏ for finishers would be suitable for optimum performance.

사료중 Flaxseed 가 돼지의 성장과 돈육의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

손광수,김명곤,정정수 ( K . S . Sohn,M . K . Kim . C . S . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary flaxseed on pig growth performance and fatty acid composition of pork. Eighty-four gills weighing approximately 85㎏ were fed diets containing 0 (control diet) or 8% flaxseed for the final 28 days prior to slaughter. Flaxseed treatment did not affect any growth performance of finishing pips(P$gt;0.1). However, pigs fed flaxseed diet had significantly(P$lt;0.05) higher amounts of omega-3 fatty acid in loin and belly and resulted in a reduction in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid from 12:1 to 4.5:1(P$lt;0.05).