전기방사법을 이용한 PCL/MWCNTs 나노섬유 제조

최정미 ( Jung Mi Choi ),장현철 ( Hyun Chul Jang ),현재영 ( Jae Young Hyeon ),석중현 ( Jung Hyun Sok ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.10

The uniform and highly smooth nanofibers of biocompatible poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composited with different contents of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully prepared by electrospinning. Experimental parameters were MWCNTs addition to a PCL solution and applied voltages. The topographical features of the composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and its electrical properties were measured by a four-point probe method. The surface resistance gradually decreased with an increasing content of MWCNTs in PCL fibers because of the excellent electrical conductivity of MWCNTs. The nanofiber diameter could be regulated by varying the solution viscosity and voltages. Our results establish that this kind of electrospinning PCL/MWCNTs nanofibers with the control of fiber diameter and electrical conductivity may be a promising candidate for the application of scaffolds in tissue engineering.

양극산화 인가전압에 따른 장범위 규칙 다공성 알루미나 멤브레인의 제조

장현철 ( Hyun Chul Jang ),최정미 ( Jung Mi Choi ),안기태 ( Ki Tae An ),이내성 ( Nae Sung Lee ),박윤선 ( Yun Sun Park ),석중현 ( Jung Hyun Sok ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Studying the long-range ordering of nanopores on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes under a hard anodization (HA) approach is crucial in producing well-aligned nanopores on the AAO membranes. Electro-polishing in a mixture of ethanol and perchloric acid for 5 min removed marks formed by rolling and produced flat surfaces on aluminum substrates. The AAO was formed by the first HA process, providing seeds for the subsequent production of uniform AAO nanopores. The second HA process carried out on the seeds produced well-aligned, uniform AAO nanopores. The AAO nanopores, varying in size and shape, were observed with voltages applied for HA. This study provides a route for controlling the size and shape of AAO nanopores by changing the applied voltages.

이중벽 탄소나노튜브의 염산처리 시간에 따른 전계방출 특성 평가

정다미,석중현,Jung, Da-Mi,Sok, Jung-Hyun 한국진공학회 2011 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.20 No.1

High-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic decomposition method at $800^{\circ}C$ using Tetrahydrofuran. The as-synthesized DWCNTs typically have catalytic impurities and amorphous carbon, which were removed by two-step purification process, consisting of thermal oxidation and H2O2, HNO3, HCl treatment. The DWCNT suspension was prepared by dispersing the purified DWCNTs in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution with horn-type sonication. This was then sprayed on ITO glass to fabricate CNT field emitters. The quality of purified DWCNTs was estimated with X-ray diffraction and Thermal Gravity Analysis. The field emission properties were improved by increasing the process time of HCl treatment. 전자 방출원 및 디스플레이 응용분야에서 우수한 가능성을 보이고 있는 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 열분해 방법으로 대량 합성하였다. 합성된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브는 불순물로 비정질 탄소와 금속촉매를 포함하고 있어, 이를 제거하기 위해 열처리와 과산화수소, 질산, 염산을 이용한 산 처리를 하였다. 정제된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 계면 활성제인 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)를 사용하여 잉크를 제작하였고, 잉크를 스프레이 방법으로 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)기판에 분무하여 전계방출을 위한 에미터를 제작하였다. 본 연구에서는 염산 처리 시간에 따른 이중벽 탄소나노튜브의 특성을 X-ray diffraction, Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA) 측정을 통해 평가하였고, 염산 처리 시간이 증가할수록 전계방출 특성이 향상되는 것을 FE-current 측정으로 확인하였다.

Synthesis of Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Decomposition of Tetra Hydro Furan

강하나,정다미,석중현,Kang, Ha-Na,Jung, Da-Mi,Sok, Jung-Hyun The Korean Vacuum Society 2008 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.17 No.6

각종 전자 방출원 및 디스플레이 응용분야에서 우수한 가능성을 보이고 있는 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 Tetra Hydro Furan(THF) 열분해 방법으로 대량합성 하였다. 본 연구에서는 Fe-Mo 금속이 MgO 담지체에 담지된 촉매에 THF 를 공급하여 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 합성하였다. 이 합성된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브는 비정질 탄소파티클이 없는 고순도로 합성되었으며, 탄소나노튜브 다발의 직경은 12 - 20 nm 로 균일하게 분포하였고, 성장 길이는 수십 마이크로미터 였다. TEM 분석 결과 이중벽 탄소나노튜브 5 - 10 가닥이 뭉쳐있는 다발 형태로 존재하였고, 합성된 이중벽 탄소나노튜브의 Raman spectrum 분석 결과 내부 직경이 0.9 - 1.5 nm, 외부 직경이 1.6 - 2.2 nm 의 직경 분포를 갖는 이중벽 구조의 탄소나노튜브가 합성되었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 THF 가 이중벽 탄소나노튜브를 합성하는데 적합한 탄소공급원임을 제시한다. High-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were synthesized without defects and amorphous carbonaceous particles by catalytic decomposition method at $800^{\circ}C$ in high yield. As-synthesized carbon materials almost consist of DWNT bundles with a diameter 12 - 20 nm.. The DWNTs rope have uniform diameter about 2 - 5 um and length up to several tens micrometer. DWNTs is inner tube diameter 0.9 - 1.5 nm and outer tube 1.6 - 2.2 nm. We investigate the crystallinity of DWNTs by TEM and Raman spectroscopy. We also found that the Fe-Mo bimetallic catalyst was active as a very efficient catalyst for the synthesis of DWNTs with the catalyst decomposition method. Our results also indicate that Tetra Hydro Furan (THF) is a very ideal carbon source for the synthesis of DWNTs.

은 박막이 첨가된 전기방사법으로 제작한 PCL/MWCNTs 나노섬유의 전기적 특성

김진운,김경민,박경완,석중현,Kim, Jin Un,Kim, Kyong Min,Park, Kyoung Wan,Sok, Jung Hyun 한국전기전자재료학회 2018 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.31 No.4

A nanofiber was fabricated with carbon nanotubes for transparent electrodes. It was prepared with a composite solution of bio-molecules polycaprolactone (PCL) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by electrospinning on a glass substrate, following which its electrical characteristics were investigated. The content of MWCNTs was varied during electrospinning, while that of PCL was fixed. Further, a nanometer-thick thin film of silver was deposited on the nanofiber layer using a thermal evaporator to improve the electrical characteristics; the sheet resistance significantly reduced after this deposition. The results showed that this carbon nanotube nanofiber has potential applications in biotechnology and as a flexible transparent display material.

개구결합을 이용한 H 형태 초전도 안테나의 제작 및 특성 해석

정동철,한병성,유기수,이종하,석중현,이은홍,Chung, Dong-Chul,Han, Byoung-Sung,Ryu, Ki-Su,Lee, Jong-Ha,Sok, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Eun-Hong 대한전자공학회 2000 電子工學會論文誌 IE (Industry electronics) Vol.37 No.1

"H" 형태의 공진기로서 이루어진 초전도 안테나는 비슷한 크기를 가진 마이크로스트립 안테나에 비하여 소형화에 유리하다. "H"형 초전도 안테나 제작을 위해 rf 마그네트론 스퍼터링을 이용하여 $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO)/MgO 고온초전도 박막을 제조하였으며 표준 식각법을 이용하여 안테나를 형상화 하였다. 일반 금속과의 특성을 비교하기 위해서 동일한 차원의 금 안테나가 제작되었다. 개구 결합 방식을 이용하여 초전도 안테나 패치와 $50{\Omega}$ 급전선을 임피던스 결합을 시켰다. 다양한 종류의 실험 결과가 반사손실, 공진주파수, 특성임피던스 등을 중심으로 보고되었다. H형 초전도 안테나는 금 안테나에 비하여 정재파비에서 0.36 효율에서 24% 반사손실에서 14.6bB 이상 더 우수한 성능을 보여주었다. The high-$T_c$ Superconducting (HTS) antenna which consists of "H" type resonator has the benefits for the miniaturization of antenna in comparison with the microstrip antenna of the similar dimension. To fabricate the "H" type antenna, HTS $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) thin films were deposited on MgO substrates using rf-magnetron sputtering. Standard etching processes were performed for the patterning of the "H" type antenna. For comparison between normal conducting antennas and superconducting antennas, the gold antennas with the same dimension were also fabricated. An aperture coupling was used for impedance matching between $50{\Omega}$ feed line and HTS radiating patch. The diverse experimental results were reported in terms of the resonant frequency, the return loss and the characteristics impedance. The "H" type superconducting antenna showed the performance of 1.36 in SWR, 24% in efficiency, and 14.6 dB in the return loss superior of the normal conducting counterpart.

쇼트키 장벽 관통 트랜지스터 구조를 적용한 실리콘 나노점 부유 게이트 비휘발성 메모리 특성

손대호,김은겸,김정호,이경수,임태경,안승만,원성환,석중현,홍완식,김태엽,장문규,박경완,Son, Dae-Ho,Kim, Eun-Kyeom,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Lee, Kyung-Su,Yim, Tae-Kyung,An, Seung-Man,Won, Sung-Hwan,Sok, Jung-Hyun,Hong, Wan-Shick,Kim, Tae-You,Jang, Moo 한국진공학회 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.4

쇼트키 장벽 관통 트랜지스터에 실리콘 나노점을 부유 게이트로 사용하는 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하였다. 소스/드레인 영역에 어븀 실리사이드를 형성하여 쇼트키 장벽을 생성하였으며, 디지털 가스 주입의 저압 화학 기상 증착법으로 실리콘 나노점을 형성하여 부유 게이트로 이용하였다. 쇼트키 장벽 관통 트랜지스터의 동작 상태를 확인하였으며, 게이트 전압의 크기 및 걸어준 시간에 따른 트랜지스터의 문턱전압의 이동을 관찰함으로써 비휘발성 메모리 특성을 측정하였다. 초기 ${\pm}20\;V$의 쓰기/지우기 동작에 따른 메모리 창의 크기는 ${\sim}5\;V$ 이었으며, 나노점에 충분한 전하 충전을 위한 동작 시간은 10/50 msec 이었다. 그러나 메모리 창의 크기는 일정 시간이 지난 후에 0.4 V로 감소하였다. 이러한 메모리 창의 감소 원인을 어븀 확산에 따른 결과로 설명하였다. 본 메모리 소자는 비교적 안정한 쓰기/지우기 내구성을 보여주었으나, 지속적인 쓰기/지우기 동작에 따라 수 V의 문턱전압 이동과 메모리 창의 감소를 보여주었다. 본 실험 결과를 가지고 실리콘 나노점 부유게이트가 쇼트키 장벽 트랜지스터 구조에 접목 가능하여 초미세 비휘발성 메모리 소자로 개발 가능함을 확인하였다. We fabricated a Si nano floating gate memory with Schottky barrier tunneling transistor structure. The device was consisted of Schottky barriers of Er-silicide at source/drain and Si nanoclusters in the gate stack formed by LPCVD-digital gas feeding method. Transistor operations due to the Schottky barrier tunneling were observed under small gate bias < 2V. The nonvolatile memory properties were investigated by measuring the threshold voltage shift along the gate bias voltage and time. We obtained the 10/50 mseconds for write/erase times and the memory window of $\sim5V$ under ${\pm}20\;V$ write/erase voltages. However, the memory window decreased to 0.4V after 104seconds, which was attributed to the Er-related defects in the tunneling oxide layer. Good write/erase endurance was maintained until $10^3$ write/erase times. However, the threshold voltages moved upward, and the memory window became small after more write/erase operations. Defects in the LPCVD control oxide were discussed for the endurance results. The experimental results point to the possibility of a Si nano floating gate memory with Schottky barrier tunneling transistor structure for Si nanoscale nonvolatile memory device.

추천 시스템에서의 효율적인 행렬 분해 모델을 위한 정밀도 변환 기법

유재서 ( Jae-seo Yu ),고윤용 ( Yun-yong Ko ),배홍균 ( Hong-kyun Bae ),강석원 ( Seokwon Kang ),유용승 ( Yongseung Yu ),박영준 ( Yongjun Park ),김상욱 ( Sang-wook Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.1

최근 딥러닝 분야에서 모델 학습을 가속화하기 위해, 실수 표현 시 사용하는 비트 수를 줄이는 양자화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 추천 시스템 모델 중 하나인 행렬 분해 모델(Matrix Factorization, MF)에 대한 양자화 수행 시, 발생할 수 있는 학습 정확도 손실을 방지하기 위한 정밀도 변환 방안을 제시한다. 우리는 실세계 데이터셋을 이용한 실험을 통해, 제안 방안이 적용된 MF 모델은 양자화 기법이 적용되지 않은 모델과 비슷한 추천 정확도를 보이며, 약 30% 개선된 속도로 학습됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

비-휘발성 저항 변화 메모리 응용을 위한 WO_x 물질의 전기적 특성 연구

정균호,김경민,송승곤,박윤선,박경완,석중현,Jung, Kyun Ho,Kim, Kyong Min,Song, Seung Gon,Park, Yun Sun,Park, Kyoung Wan,Sok, Jung Hyun 한국전기전자재료학회 2016 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.29 No.5

In this study, we observed current-voltage characteristics of the MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structure. The $WO_x$ material was used between metal electrodes as the oxide insulator. The structure of the $Al/WO_x/TiN$ shows bipolar resistive switching and the operating direction of the resistive switching is clockwise, which means set at negative voltage and reset at positive voltage. The set process from HRS (high resistance state) to LRS (low resistance state) occurred at -2.6V. The reset process from LRS to HRS occurred at 2.78V. The on/off current ratio was about 10 and resistive switching was performed for 5 cycles in the endurance characteristics. With consecutive switching cycles, the stable $V_{set}$ and $V_{reset}$ were observed. The electrical transport mechanism of the device was based on the migration of oxygen ions and the current-voltage curve is following (Ohm's Law ${\rightarrow}$ Trap-Controlled Space Charge Limited Current ${\rightarrow}$ Ohm's Law) process in the positive voltage region.

열중량 분석법에 의한 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 순도 평가

곽정춘 ( Jeung Choon Goak ),김태양 ( Tae Yang Kim ),정종완 ( Jong Wan Jung ),서영수 ( Young Soo Seo ),석중현 ( Jung Hyun Sok ),이내성 ( Nae Sung Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2013 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.51 No.2

This study evaluated the purity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the arc-synthesized SWCNT samples by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The as-produced SWCNT samples were heat-treated in air for 20 h at 275-475℃ and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopes and TGA to establish oxidation temperature ranges of SWCNTs and carbonaceous impurities comprising the samples. Based on these oxidation temperature ranges, derivative thermogravimetric curves were deconvoluted, and differentiated peaks were assigned to SWCNTs and carbonaceous impurities. The compositions and the SWCNT purities of the samples were obtained simply by calculating the areal ratios under the deconvoluted curves. TGA studies on purity evaluation and thermal stabilities of SWCNTs and carbonaceous impurities are likely to provide us with a simple route of thermal oxidation purification to acquire high-purity SWCNT samples.