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임태경,손창백,이동은,Lim, Tae-Kyung,Son, Chang-Baek,Lee, Dong-Eun 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.10
This paper presents a simulation model that facilitates to analyze and estimate both time and cost of the steel erection operation making use of tier construction method. By conducting motion and time study, resource processes of the operation and their tasks of the processes are defined. These atomic tasks are used as a building block to implement a simulation model that reflects the real world steel erection operation assembling the steel material in the job site. Task based operation simulation model deals with local variables or delay factors affecting productivity and improves the reusability of existing production models. Therefore, the proposed approach allows the model to adjust more easily to construction method change. The proposed steel erection model was verified by comparing with the Construction Standard Production Unit system (CSPU) and daily work report.
확률.통계적 건설 프로젝트 영업이윤율 추정 시스템 개발
임태경,이동은,Lim, Tae-Kyung,Lee, Dong-Eun 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.11
This paper introduces a system called Stochastic Markup Estimation System (SME) for estimating optimum markup for a project. The system was designed and implemented to better represent the real world system involved in construction bidding. The findings obtained from the analysis of existing assumptions used in the previous quantitative markup estimation methods were incorporated to improve the accuracy and predictability of the SME. The existing methods have four categories of assumption as follows; (1) The number of competitors and name of the competitors are known, (2) A typical competitor, who is fictitious, is assumed for easy computation, (3) the ratio of bid price against cost estimate (B/C) is assumed to follow normal distribution, (4) the deterministic output obtained from the probabilistic equation of existing models is assumed to be acceptable. However, these assumptions compromise the accuracy of prediction. In practice, the bidding patterns of the bidders are randomized in competitive bidding. To complement the lack of accuracy resulted from these assumptions, bidding project was randomly selected from the pool of bidding database in the simulation experiment. The probability to win the bid in the competitive bidding was computed using the profile of the competitors appeared in the selected bidding project record. The expected profit and probability to win the bid was calculated by selecting a bidding record randomly in an iteration of the simulation experiment under the assumption that the bidding pattern retained in historical bidding DB manifest revival. The existing computation, which is handled by means of deterministic procedure, were converted into stochastic model using simulation modeling and analysis technique as follows; (1) estimating the probability distribution functions of competitors' B/C which were obtained from historical bidding DB, (2) analyzing the sensitivity against the increment of markup using normal distribution and actual probability distribution estimated by distribution fitting, (3) estimating the maximum expected profit and optimum markup range. In the case study, the best fitted probability distribution function was estimated using the historical bidding DB retaining the competitors' bidding behavior so that the reliability was improved by estimating the output obtained from simulation experiment.
Integrated Carbon Emission Estimation Method for Construction Operation and Project Scheduling
임태경,곽한성,김병수,이동은 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.4
This paper presents a computational method that calculates the amount of carbon emission generated in a construction project. It is coded into carbon emission estimation system (CE2) that makes use of schedule information exported from Primavera P6, integrates either the deterministic amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by resources (i.e., material, equipment, and labor) on activities obtained from P6 database or the stochastic amount of GHG emissions obtained from discrete event simulation-based construction operation models, performs CPM calculations, and calculates the daily and cumulative amount of carbon emissions for each and every activity. This study is of value to researchers because it allows quantifying the total carbon generated in a construction project by considering all types of resources to be used in construction operations. The study is also of relevance to practitioners because it enables to establish engineering schedule that limits carbon emissions at construction phase expeditiously. A test case verifies the usability and validity of the computational methods implemented in the system. It is confirmed that CE2 effectively handles the variability of GHG using deterministic or stochastic data either jointly or independently.
품질기능전개 및 유전 알고리즘을 통합한 금속커튼월의 품질-비용 최적화 시스템 개발
임태경,이동은,Lim, Tae-Kyung,Lee, Dong-Eun 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.12
This paper presents a tool called Quality-Cost optimization system, which integrates Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD), for tradeoff between quality and cost of the unitized metal curtain-wall unit. A construction owner as the external customer pursues to maximize the quality of the curtain-wall unit. However, the contractor as the internal customer pursues to minimize the cost involved in designing, manufacturing and installing the curtain-wall unit. It is crucial for project manager to find the tradeoff point which satisfies the conflicting interests pursued by the both parties. The system would be beneficial to establish a quality plan satisfying the both parties. Survey questionnaires were administered to the external customer who have an experience of project installing curtain-wall, the architects who are the independent assessor to obtain, and the internal customer who were involved in curtain-wall design and installation. The Customer Requirements (CRs) and their importance weights, the relationship between Customer Requirements and Technical Attributes (TAs) consisting of a curtain-wall unit, and the cost ratios of each components consisting curtain-wall unit are obtained from the three groups mentioned previously. The data obtained from the surveys were used as the QFD input data to compute the Owner Satisfaction (OS) and Contractor Satisfaction(CS). Multi-objective optimization method using GA is applied to optimize resource allocation under limited budget when multi-objectives, OS and CS, are pursued at the same time. The deterministic multi-objective optimization method using GA and QFD is extended to stochastic model to better deal with the uncertainties of QFD input data and the variability of QFD output data. A case study demonstrates the system and verifies the system conformance.