『주문이 많은 요리점』의 비유와 암시

박경연 한국일본학회 2010 日本學報 Vol.83 No.-

宮沢賢治の童話の中から代表的な『注文の多い料理店』を選び、作家がこの作品を通して読者に伝えようとした比喩と暗示の世界をその当時の時代背景や社会状況と関連させて研究した。また、1920年代の国際情勢の中での日本と作品の関わりを中心に調べてきた。比喩と暗示の伝達方法として西洋料理店を登場させているが、西洋料理店は当時のオリエント急行を比喩して描かれている。明治維新後の日本はイギリスやフランスのような大国の仲間入りを目指していて、領土を拡張しようとする日本の動向を賢治独特の風刺、批判の観点から考察した。この作品では賢治の童話の中で欠かせない比喩と暗示、そして風刺の手法を極大化して、当時の時代背景を通じて、未来を予見するメッセージを強く訴えたと思われた。賢治の平和を愛する心が当時の日本を考えれば危惧せざるを得なかったからであろう。

宮沢賢治の『ガドルフの百合』の心象スケッチ - 物理的な空間と精神的な空間 -

박경연 동국대학교 일본학연구소 2020 일본학 Vol.52 No.-

In his fairy tales, Kenji sometimes introduces the nature to represent images in his mind or chooses the nature as a way of sketching imageries of the nature. Writing as a means of representing imageries stimulated by the nature is introduced inLily of Gadolph. The study approaches this fairy tale from the perspective of viewing it as an example of representing imageries stimulated by the nature and as an introduction to the religion where religious concepts are piled up along with the nature. Previous studies on Lily of Gadolphrange from love and broken hearts as experienced by an individual to religious concepts. This study, however, focuses on religious implications instead of love. The religious perspective adopted in this study differs from previous religious approaches in that it focuses on the hero Gadolph, the vague dog, the lily as the symbolism in the work, the space symbolized by the house, and the light as a natural phenomenon. By focusing on these elements, this study sheds light on and explicates the imageries concerned with sublimation of love into the growth of the writer’s personality and the imageries focused on religious growth. This study examines the correlation between Gadolph and the vague dog, the lily and the existence of a crafted lily, and analyzes their meanings and values as well as the process of growth. Kenji objectivizes himself levelheadedly by empathizing Gadolph, the vague dog, the honorable lily. The lily and the vague dog embody contrastive meanings. The space is divided into physical space and the mental space. By dividing the lily and the space into three, the author examines selfintrospection and the growth of the religion in each step. Through the role of light as a natural phenomenon, the study regards Gadolph’s agonies and conflicts as the changes in religious consciousness and pays attention to spiritual growth. 賢治の童話は、賢治自身の心象を表現するために、自然を取り入れたり、自然本来のイメージをスケッチするために対象物を選択したりする。自然から刺激を受けてイメージ化させる作品の表現形式は、『ガドルフの百合』にも導入されている。この作品もその一つとして解釈することができ、自然と共に、宗教観念が重畳された宗教の入門過程のような作品と見て、その視覚でアクセスする。 『ガドルフの百合』の先行研究は、個人の体験を通じた恋愛と失恋の感情、宗教的な観念など、様々な観点から注目されている。本研究では、既存の先行研究とは角度を変えて賢治の恋愛説とは違う宗教的な観点から注目する。宗教的な観点の側面も既存の研究とは差別化して作品の主人公ガドルフと曖昧な犬、作品の中のシンボルである百合、屋形という空間、自然現象の一つである光に注目して研究する。このような要素を通して、個人の愛が昇華されて作家の人格的成長、宗教的な成長過程に焦点を当てた心象世界を照明して考察する。 ガドルフと曖昧な犬との関連性、百合と貝細工の百合の存在の意味と価値を分析しながら、主人公の成長過程を作品の構成から研究する。賢治はガドルフと曖昧な犬、高潔な百合に感情移入して、自分自身を冷静かつ客観的に対象化させている。その中で百合と曖昧な犬は対照的な意味を含んでいる。空間を、物理的な空間と精神的な空間として分けて捉える。百合と空間を各3段階に区分して、自己省察と宗教的な生活の成長過程を段階的に考察する。また、自然現象の一つである光と星の明かりの役割を介してガドルフの煩悩と葛藤を、宗教的な意識の変化と精神的に成長していく過程に注目して研究の意義をおきたい。

국내에서 사용된 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 측정 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도

박경연,김민주,양영옥 한국간호과학회 2020 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

Non-Normative Tenses in English RA Abstracts

박경연 현대문법학회 2022 현대문법연구 Vol.114 No.-

Normative verb tenses in the English research article (RA) abstract constitute the present in the rhetorical moves of Introduction, Purpose, and Conclusion and the past in Method and Product. However, non-normative tenses may at times appear. This paper looked at non-normative tenses in English RA abstracts. Based on a preliminary analysis of 20 RA applied linguistics abstracts, the study develops how non-normative tenses work in the genre of RA abstracts. Findings discuss writers’ intentions lying in each non-normative tense in each rhetorical move: the present perfect in the Introduction Move, the past in Purpose, the present in Method, the present in Product, and auxiliaries in Conclusion.

호텔업 등급심사 제도 개선방향에 관한 연구 – 정성적 평가항목 중심으로 -

박경연 한국호텔리조트학회 2019 호텔리조트연구 Vol.18 No.2

This article introduces the hotel rating system focusing on the qualitative evaluation criteria. It is an overall review of the hotel rating system from its background, scope of the rating system, and overall criteria summary. This article also aims to find out how to improve the hotel rating system dealing with practical issues. To serve the purpose of this study, the researcher has conducted a group interview in joint efforts with two specialists from the related business fields and five professors who have experience in hotel rating business. Based on an analysis of the interview, the researcher suggests the followings. Firstly, the qualitative evaluation criteria should have detailed sub-criteria. Secondly, the detailed sub-guide line should be provided in qualitative evaluation criteria. Thirdly, Mystery shopper criteria should be more detailed. Lastly, computerized system should be implemented. This study could contribute to improve the hotel rating system and eventually quality of hotel industry.

메틸렌 블루 여과 흡착 제거를 위한 분해성이 향상된 알긴산나트륨-디알데하이드 셀룰로오스 나노섬유 하이드로겔 멤브레인의 제조

박경연,간댈 더러머 라즈,라도르 사바리시,이재우 한국막학회 2023 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2023 No.11

『수선월의 나흘(水仙月の四日)』과 자연회귀

박경연 同日語文學會 2006 同日語文硏究 Vol.21 No.-

「水仙月の四日」には宮?賢治が一生の課題にした自然と宗?、人間というテ?マがよく表われている。 賢治の故?の東北地方の花?の冬を背景にした自然、雪の精?の雪童子が子供の命を救うということで自然が人聞を救うということを象?的に表している。また、賢治が一生の信念として信じた人間と自然を?ぐ中間の存在としての法華?の世界を通して、自然と人問、現?世界と理想世界を?ぐ大事な役割として宗?を表現している。 作品の題目の中に表われた水仙月の意味を賢治が故?に?ってから故?で希望に溢れた再出?、すなわち<イ?ハト?ブ世界>に向けた 童話創作を意味しているといち面で考察した。 最後に作品の中に登場する三色の象?性について?究した。白色は自然を象?する色で、赤色は生命と躍動する未?を象?的に表している。?色は法華?の?典を象?している。作品の中ではやどりぎを通して表現していて、信仰、希望、信?を?調していたと考える。 自然と宗?から出?した賢治の童話世界が幻想と現?という空間を飛び越えて、一つの新しい世界を創造する。それはEに<イ?ハト?ブ世界>であり、このような認識を賢治文?の再出?という視點から?究した。

수면 자세가 운동발달에 미치는 영향

박경연,강지웅,장영택 대한소아청소년과학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.49 No.4

Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea Purpose : This study investigated how gross motor and fine motor development are influenced by sleep position. Methods : From December, 2003 to September, 2005, for a year and 9 months, 800 children aged from 3 months to 16 months, who visited the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea were surveyed for motor development scale, sleep position and body weight. Results : The sleep position came in order : 79.3 percent of supine position, 10.0 percent prone position and 10.7 percent side position. Gross motor scale and fine motor scale were not connected with sex. The prone position indicated remarkable increase on gross motor scale from 5-6 months, but stayed the same after 7 months. Fine motor scale was not related to age and sleep position. Gross motor scale and fine motor scale were higher on group weighing more than under average weight group. Conclusion : This study showed that prone position did not influence gross motor scale after 7 months, affecting children of 5-6 months only. Hence, It is not recommended to use the prone position for a baby's fast gross motor development. 목 적 : 엎어 재우기, 똑바로 누워 재우기, 옆으로 재우기 등 수면 자세에 따라서 조대운동발달과 미세운동발달이 차이가 나는지 살펴보기 위해서 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 2003월 12월부터 2005년 9월까지 1년 9개월 동안, 전주예수병원 소아과를 방문하는 3개월부터 16개월 사이의 소아 800명을 대상으로 운동발달검사, 수면 자세, 몸무게를 조사하여 연구하였다.결 과 : 똑바로 누워 재우기가 79.3%, 엎어 재우기가 10.0%, 옆으로 재우기가 10.7%로, 똑바로 누워 재우기가 가장 많았다. 남아와 여아의 조대운동발달 지수는 각각 109.5±16.3, 108.1±17.3이었으며, 미세운동발달 지수는 각각 102.3±17.1, 100.7±16.9로 성별에 따른 발달의 차이는 없었다. 똑바로 누워 재우기, 엎어 재우기, 옆으로 재우기에 따른 조대운동발달 지수는 5개월에 98.2±16.8, 126.2±10.9, 117.2±6.6, 6개월에 101.2±13.0, 115.2±18.0, 95.7±20.2로 각각 엎어 재우기에서 의의 있게 높았다. 7개월에서 16개월까지는 차이가 없었다. 똑바로 누워 재우기, 엎어 재우기, 옆으로 재우기에 따른 미세운동발달 지수는 차이가 없었다. 연령별 평균 미만의 몸무게 군과 연령별 평균 이상의 몸무게 군에서, 조대운동발달 지수는 각각 106.3±16.3, 109.9±16.8이고, 미세운동발달 지수는 각각 99.4±16.2, 102.5±17.2로 연령별 평균 이상의 몸무게 군에서 조대운동발달 지수와 운동발달 지수가 의의 있게 높았다.

전통주를 활용한 지역관광 활성화 방안 연구

박경연 한국호텔리조트학회 2023 호텔리조트연구 Vol.22 No.6

This article introduces Korean traditional liquor and finds out how to vitalize local tourism with the liquor. It covers an overall review of the Korea traditional liquor from its history, current status, and future perspective. Unlike many other Korean popularity nowadays such as K-drama, K-pop, Korea traditional liquor is still underestimated and relatively unknown. Also this article tries to find out how to utilize Korea traditional liquor to boost local tourism. In order to achieve the purpose of the article, focus group interview has been conducted with carefully selected 6 experts from both beverage operation industry and university professors who have involved in beverage industry before. Total two times of interview have been conducted on Sept. 20 and Oct. 18 of 2023. Based on an analysis of the interview, the vitalization proposals for the local tourism are suggested including making quality Korea Liquor and organizing quality assurance system and government support as a long-term perspective. Also how to upgrade Korean liquor from current status is suggested including quality control and indication of geographic control policy.

조셉 까르딘(Joseph Cardijn)의 생애와 JOC운동

박경연 (재)한국교회사연구소 2023 敎會史硏究 Vol.- No.63

1882년 벨기에 브뤼셀 근교에서 태어난 조셉 까르딘은 평생을 노동자들을 위해 살았다. 까르딘은 노동자들로 하여금 자신이 처한 노동환경과 노동 사회를 객관적으로 파악할 수 있도록 의식화시키는 데에 노력하였다. 이는 곧 1925년에 결성된 JOC로 구현되었다. 까르딘은 독일, 프랑스, 영국 등 유럽의 여러 나라에 가서 각 나라의 노동환경 및 근로조건에 대해 보고 배우며 연구하였다. 라켄 성당의 보좌 신부로 부임 받은 까르딘은 그곳의 어린 노동자들과 만나고 이들을 위한 실질적인 노동조합을 만들어야 함을 깊게 깨달았다. 이를 실현하는과정에서 까르딘은 교회 안팎에서의 강도 높은 파고를 겪었지만, 마침내 1925년 7월 JOC를 공식적으로 출범할 수 있었다. 노동자들을 위해 자신의 삶을 기꺼이 바치겠다고 다짐했던 까르딘의 사명이 드디어 이루어진 것이다. JOC는 그 영향력을 계속해서 확산시켜 나갔다. 벨기에를 시작으로 프랑스, 포르투갈, 스위스 등의 유럽뿐만 아니라 아메리카 그리고 아프리카, 아시아 등 전 세계를 다니며 까르딘은 JOC 정신을 설파하였다. JOC의 정신이라 할 수 있는 조시즘(Jocism)은 지극히 평범하고 단순한 진리로써 그 중심에는 노동자들이 존재했다. 노동자들은 자신이처한 상황을 스스로 깨닫기 위해서는 ‘변화의 가치’를 발견해야 했다. 이때 이들을 돕고 지원하는 것이 JOC의 역할이었다. 노동자들의 변화를 이끌기 위해서는 잘 훈련된 엘리트와 조직화한 팀워크가 필요했다. 이들이 바로 평신도 사도직을 수행하는 자들로서, 이들 역시 노동자 중일부였다. 즉 노동자들은 그들 스스로 변화를 경험하여 결국은 자각화를 통한 자립을 이룰 수 있었다. 까르딘은 현재 노동자들이 겪고 있는 여러 문제를 가톨릭적 방법으로 해결해야 한다고 하였다. 그러나 기존의 가톨릭교회가 가지고 있는반공주의적 입장은 실질적으로 노동자들에게 아무런 도움을 주지 못했다고 보았다. 교회가 노동자 계급에 대해 취해야 할 태도는 단순히 반공주의적 입장만 내세울 것이 아니라 보다 긍정적이고 건설적으로 노동자들에게 접근하여, 그들이 자신의 존엄성을 깨닫고 이를 통해 마침내 독자적으로 자립할 수 있도록 해야만 진정으로 노동자 계급을 구할 수 있다고 하였다. Born in 1882 close to Brussels, Belgium, Joseph Cardijn spent his entire life working for laborers. Cardijn made an effort to raise workers’ consciousness so they could understand their workplace and working society honestly. As soon as a JOC was established in 1925, this was put into action. Cardijn traveled to many European nations, such as Germany, France, and the UK, in order to observe, understand, and research each nation’s workplace culture. After being assigned as an assistant priest at Laken Cathedral, Cardijn came to the profound realization that he needed to interact with the younger employees there and establish useful trade unions for them. Cardijn experienced tremendous waves both inside and outside the church while coming to this realization, and in July 1925 the JOC was formally founded. At last, Cardijn’s goal of being willing to sacrifice his life for the laborers was fulfilled. JOC kept expanding its sphere of influence. Cardijn began his missionary work in Belgium and spread the JOC spirit across Europe, including France, Portugal and Switzerland, as well as North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. The essence of JOC, jocism, was a very commonplace and uncomplicated fact that put employees first. Put differently, employees needed to understand the ‘worth of change’ before they could recognize their own circumstances. It was JOC’s responsibility to assist and encourage them during this time. It took structured coordination and highly skilled elites to bring about this shift. These were some of the laborers who also functioned as lay apostles. Stated differently, workers underwent independent transformations and attained self-sufficiency by means of self-awareness via the phases of lay, lay apostolic position, and projection. Cardijn stated that there are a number of contemporary issues facing workers that may be resolved in a Christian manner. Nonetheless, it was believed that the Catholic Church’s anti-communist stance accomplished nothing to assist laborers. It’s not only that the church should be anti-communist; it’s also been suggested that the only way the working class can be rescued is by treating them with greater positivity and constructiveness, which would enable them to eventually achieve independence and realize their dignity.