말기암환자 완화의료 전문기관 운영 지원비 사용 평가

김효영,유은실,김열,공경애,송혜영,최진영,Kim, Hyo-Young,Yoo, Eun-Sil,Kim, Yeol,Kong, Kyoung-Ae,Song, Hye-Young,Choi, Jin-Young 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2011 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: Since 2005, the Ministry of Health & Welfare has provided financial support to promote palliative care for terminal cancer patients. We analyzed how palliative care facilities used the funding between 2006 and 2010. Methods: Frequency analysis was conducted by the item of expenditure based on fiscal reports of the palliative care facilities. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine a trend over time. Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare expenditure items, the number of provision of financial support and type of palliative care units. Results: About a half of the fund was spent to pay care givers salary, improve facilities and purchase equipment regardless of the year, the number of financial support provided or facility type. By year, the operation cost for palliative care program and the education cost for health care workers have significantly increased in linear regression analysis (P<0.01). However, the amount of financial support for the low income group has decreased over years (P=0.024). This trend was affected by evaluation criteria and weight. Conclusion: The government aid for palliative care units has been used to improve facilities and equipment. Moreover, desirable changes were noted such as a higher portion of expenses for program operation and care giver training to enhance the quality of care. However, the evaluation criteria need to be adjusted to prevent any further decrease in the support provided to the low income group. 목적: 본 연구는 완화의료 활성화 및 서비스 질 향상이라는 정책적 목표를 위하여 2005년부터 완화의료 전문기관에 지원된 운영비가 구체적으로 어떻게 사용되고 있는지 연도별, 지원 횟수별 그리고 종별로 현황을 파악하고, 지원사업의 효과성에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 지원 대상 기관이 제출한 사업비 정산 보고서를 토대로 운영비의 비목별 사용 비율을 빈도분석 하였다. 연도별 추세를 파악하기 위해 선형회귀분석을 실시하였고, 지원받은 횟수별, 기관 종별에 따른 완화의료 전문 기관 운영비의 비목별 사용액에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 추리통계방법인 Kruskal-Wallis Test와 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test를 이용하였다. 결과: 연도별 분석에서, 프로그램 운영비와 교육 훈련비 및 홍보비에 대한 지출 비율은 지속적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 그러나 저소득층 지원비는 감소하는 추세를 보였다(P=0.024). 연도별 지원받은 횟수별 의료기관 종별에 관계없이 운영비의 절반가량을 인건비, 시설비, 장비비 등의 하드웨어 마련에 사용하고 있었다. 결론: 정부의 완화의료 활성화 지원사업은 장비와 시설 개선 그리고 서비스 질 향상을 위한 활동에 지원금이 꾸준히 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 당해 사업의 평가 기준이 기관의 운영비 사용 흐름에 영향을 주는 것으로 보이는데, 이에 따라 환자 가족을 위한 프로그램 운영과 전문가 교육 훈련에 대한 지출 비율이 늘어나고 있어 서비스 질 향상 위한 바람직한 변화로 보인다. 다만, 평가 기준 조정을 통해 감소하고 있는 저소득층 지원 비율을 향상시킬 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

헬리콥터 로터 블레이드의 자려소음 예측

김효영,유기완,Kim, Hyo-Young,Ryu, Ki-Wahn 항공우주시스템공학회 2007 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Self-noise from the rotor blade of the UH-1H Helicopter is obtained numerically by using the Brooks' empirical noise model. All of the five noise sources are compared with each other in frequency domain. From the calculated results the bluntness noise reveals dominant noise sources at small angel of attack, whereas the separation noise shows main noise term with gradually increasing angel of attack. From the results of two different tip Mach numbers with the change of angel of attack, the OASPLs at M = 0.8 show about 15dB larger than those at M = 0.4.

연구보문 : 환경화학 ; 유통 중인 관행 및 인증 농산물 중 곡류와 엽채류의 잔류농약 모니터링 및 안전성 평가

김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),김지환 ( Ji Hwan Kim ),안지운 ( Ji Woon Ahn ),정덕화 ( Duck Hwa Chung ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.4

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues and to assess their risk in domestic agricultural products. The samples were rice, barley, lettuce and perilla leaf. These four types of agricultural products were those with GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) certification, organic agricultural products, pesticide-free agricultural products or general agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: They were purchased from traditional markets and supermarkets of 12 regions in Korea from July to August 2010. The total number of samples was 259 for agricultural products and these were analyzed by GC/ECD, GC/NPD and GC/MSD. We used multiresidue methods to analyze for 110 different pesticides except for herbicides. CONCLUSION: In this study, residual pesticides were detected in 18 samples. Among these general agricultural products, organic agricultural products and products with GAP-certification were detected in 12, 4 and 2 samples, respectively. Detection rates of general agricultural products, organic agricultural products and products with GAP-certification were 4.6%, 1.5% and 0.8% respectively. Pesticides were not detected in pesticide-free agricultural products. Their detection levels were less than their maximum residue levels. Their estimated daily intakes ranged from 0.0003% to 0.04302% of their acceptable daily intakes, of which the values have no effect on human health.

시판 유통 중인 냉동 다진 마늘의 사전 살균 및 조사처리 여부 판별 모니터링

김효영(Hyo-Young Kim),안재준(Jae-Jun Ahn),김귀란(Gui-Ran Kim),정진화(Jin-Hwa Jeong),박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),권중호(Joong-Ho Kwon) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.10

시판 냉동 다진 마늘 5종(중국산 3종, 국산 2종)을 대상으로 DEFT/APC, 전자코 분석, PSL, TL 및 ESR 분석을 이용하여 사전살균처리 및 조사 여부를 모니터링 하였다. DEFT/APC 분석 결과 중국산 시료에서 DEFT값(생균수+사균수)은 7.9~8.3 log CFU/g으로 높은 값을 나타내었으나, APC(생균수)는 4.2~4.8 log CFU/g으로 낮은 값을 나타내어 사전살균처리 가능성이 확인되었다. 그러나 국산 시료는 DEFT값과 APC 값의 차이가 크게 나타나지 않아 사전살균처리되지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 전자코를 이용한 조사여부 스크리닝 결과, 중국산 시료는 미지시료와 1 kGy 조사시료간에 있어서 차이가 불분명하여 조사여부 확인이 어려운 반면, 국산 시료는 그 차이가 명확히 구분되어서 사전 조사처리 되지 않았음을 확인할 수 있었다. PSL 분석 결과, 미지시료 5종 모두 700 이하의 PCs(-)을 나타내었으며, 1 kGy의 선량으로 재조사하여 얻은 PSL ratio 역시 10배 이상으로 나타나, 모든 시료가 사전 조사되지 않은 시료로 확인되었다. 한편 TL 분석에서 TL1 발광곡선은 국산 2종의 미지시료는 300°C 이상에서, 중국산 3종은 240~250°C에서 약한 발광곡선을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 검증하기 위하여 재조사(1 kGy)에 의한 TL2 발광곡선을 측정한 결과, 국산 및 중국산 모두 150~250°C에서 발광피크를 나타내면서 TL ratio(TL1/TL2)가 0.1 이하로 비 조사(negative)로 나타났다. 그러나 중국산 3종의 TL1 발광곡선의 온도범위를 고려해 본다면 조사처리의 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 그리하여 ESR 분석을 실시한 결과, 중국산 3종 시료는 미지시료 및 1 kGy 조사시료 모두 방사선 유래의 특이적인 cellulose signal이 관찰되어 TL1 결과를 잘 뒷받침하였다. 이와 같이 냉동 다진 마늘의 조사여부를 효과적으로 확인하기 위해서는 물리적 분석법의 다중적 활용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. Five different chopped frozen garlic products samples, three from Chinese and two from Korean origins being commercially available products in Korean market, were used to confirm their pre-pasteurization or pre-irradiation status by screening (direct epifluorescent filter technique/aerobic plate counts, DEFT/APC; electronic nose, E-nose; photostimulated luminescence, PSL) and identification (thermoluminescence, TL; electron spin resonance, ESR) techniques. Some parts of samples were gamma-irradiated at 1 kGy to be used as control samples in irradiation history identification. DEFT/APC and e-nose successfully showed distinct results between the domestic and imported samples. The PSL photon counts of all the unknown samples were less than 700 (negative), while most of 1 kGy-irradiated samples gave PSL photon counts more than 5,000 (positive). The domestic unknown samples produced the TL glow peaks after 300°C or more, whereas the imported samples showed TL peaks at the range of 240~250°C. A clear TL glow peak was obtained from all irradiated samples at 150~250°C. The unknown samples of Chinese origin gave radiation-specific cellulose ESR signal that was not shown by domestic samples. A multiple step of applying the physical analytical methods is recommended for the effective identification of irradiation status on chopped frozen garlic products.

읽기 수업에서의 미디어 자료 활용

김효영(Kim Hyo young) 영상영어교육학회 2014 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.15 No.1

The importance of proficient reading comprehension has been well recognized by Koreans. That has led Korean schools to spend a large amount of time in teaching reading. However, there has not been much research on how to develop reading ability. Thus, the present study was designed to see whether teaching structural characteristics of English, a methodology adopted in Korean classrooms, improves students' reading comprehension. That is, it investigated the effects of explicit explanation of structures of English sentences and discourse using news articles on development of reading ability of Korean EFL learners. In the experiment, 20 college students were required to read one news article a week for 13 weeks and given explicit explanations of meanings of vocabulary and sentence and discourse structures. The results showed that teaching lower order components of reading improved students' ability to find details given in the passage, make inferences, spot the best place to add a new sentence, and complete summaries. The results imply that movie scripts can also be used in teaching reading. That is because they share common features with news articles in that they involve sufficient amount of structural characteristics of English in the form of authentic written and spoken language.

바타유의 ‘에로티즘’ 개념에서 ‘죽음’의 의미 : ‘비인칭적 죽음’으로서의 해석 가능성에 대한 검토

김효영(KIM Hyo-Young) 한국프랑스문화학회 2020 프랑스문화연구 Vol.45 No.1

Cet article présente un passage de lecture sur ce que Bataille entend par la mort. Pour cette interprétation, nous sommes confrontés à deux questions: la relation entre Bataille et la continuité de la mort et la question de ce que l’on entend par mort telle que reconnue par l’érotisme, la soif de continuité. Concernant la première question, Bataille maintient que la mort elle-même n’apporte pas nécessairement la continuité mais qu’elle est une opportunité inévitable pour la continuité. Mais d’un autre côté, il écrit en même temps des phrases qui semblent souligner que la mort est le seul moyen d’atteindre la continuité en tant qu’être discontinu, que la continuité de l’existence ne se trouve que du côté de la victoire de la mort. Ce point contradictoire nous fait comprendre que la mort selon Bataille ne peut se limiter à l’extinction physique. De plus, la mort endurée par l’érotisme, également appelée la petite mort, est un sentiment de destruction de l’être ressenti par des êtres discontinus faisant référence à une appartenance au psychologique plutôt qu’au biologique. En conclusion, cet article suggère que Bataille affirme que c’est la mort impersonnelle qui touche la vie elle-même, différente de la mort dans le sens d’établir un nouveau soi dans le sens de l’autodestruction de la continuité, qui est explorée à travers l’érotisme.

Weight-to-Stress under OT

김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2003 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.4 No.-

Vowel Quality and English Verb Stress

Hyo-young Kim(김효영) 한국영어학회 2015 영어학 Vol.15 No.3

Influence of syllable structure on duration of consonant clusters in English

Hyo-Young Kim(김효영) 한국영어학회 2006 영어학 Vol.6 No.4

영어 3음절 명사의 강세, 철자, 저모음

김효영(Hyo-young Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2014 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.32

English word stress has been considered to be sensitive to syllable weight, that is, to vowel length and the number of coda consonants, but not to vowel quality. However, some research showed that English word stress is affected by vowel quality as well, demonstrating that vowels represented by the letter 〈a〉 attract stress more often onto the syllable containing it than the other vowels do (Kim 2009). However, the results were based on a very limited number of words which consist of three open syllables. Moreover, the phonemic realizations of the vowel letters were not taken into account. To see whether the vowel quality, especially the low vowel, plays a significant role in stress placement in English indeed, stress of entire tri-syllabic words on a lexical database, CELEX, was examined in the present study. It concluded that spellings, more specifically vowel letters, are closely related to stress placement. In addition, it showed that lowness of vowels has strong power to attract stress, even to the syllables which are not qualified to host stress.