N-Acetyltransferase 2와 glutathione S-transferase mu 및 theta 다형성이 방광암 발생에 미치는 영향에 대한 환자-대조군 연구

김헌,김원재,이형래,이무송,김철환,김로사,남홍매,Kim, Heon,Kim, Wun-Jae,Lee, Hyung-Lae,Lee, Moo-Song,Kim, Cheol-Hwan,Kim, Ro-Sa,Nan, Hong-Mei 대한예방의학회 1998 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.31 No.2

1996년 3월부터 1996년 12월까지 충북대학교병원 비뇨기과에 입원하여 치료를 받은 방광암 환자 67명과 암 아닌 다른 질환을 가진 대조군 67명을 대상으로 흡연, 음주, 직업력 등을 포함한 생활 습관과 NAT2와 GSTM1, 그리고 GSTT1 유전자 다형성 양상을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. NAT2 다형성 분포는, 환자군이 slow, intermediate, rapid acetylator가 각각 3.0%, 38.8%, 58.2%, 그리고 대조군이 7.6%, 40.9%, 51.5%였으며, NAT2의 활성과 방광암 위험도 사이의 관련성은 유의하지 않았다($\chi^2_{trend}=1.18$, P-value>0.05). 2. GSTM1 결손은 환자군의 68.7%, 대조군의 49.3%에서 확인되었으며, OR(95% 신뢰구간)이 2.23(1.12-4.56)으로, 방광암 발생의 위험인자로 나타났다. 3. GSTT1은 환자군의 26.9%,그리고 대조군의 43.3%에서 결손이 있는 것으로 나타나서, GSTT1 결손은 방광암에 대하여 보호효과가 있는 것으로 관찰되었다(OR: 0.48, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.23-0.99). 4. 흡연 여부는 방광암의 발생에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났는데(OR=1.85, 95% CI: 0.85-4.03), 이는 환자군과 대조군의 흡연률이 모두 높기 때문으로 판단된다. 5. 그 외, 음주력, 직업력, 수혈 여부, 그리고 피임시술의 과거력 등의 요인들은 방광암 발생과 유의한 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. Activities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of various carcinogenic xenobiotics is one of the most important host factors for cancer occurrence. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are enzymes which .educe the toxicity of activated carcinogenic metabolites. Slow N-acetylation and lack of GST mu (GSTMI) were reported as risk factors of bladder cancer. GST theta (GSTT1), which is another type of GST, was reported to be deleted at higher proportion among Koreans. Since cause of bladder cancer is not fully explained by single risk factor, many kinds of enzymes would be involved in the metabolism of carcinogens excreted in urine. This study was performed to investigate whether the polymorphisms of NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 are risk factors of bladder cancer and to evaluate the effects of their interaction on bladder cancer development. Sixty-seven bladder cancer and 67 age- and sex-matched non-cancer patients hospitalized in Chungbuk National University Hospital from March to December 1996, are the subjects of this case-control study. Questionnaire interview was done and the genotypes of NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 were identified using PCR methods with DNA extracted from venous blood. The effects of the polymorphism of NAT2 and GSTM1 and their interaction on bladder cancer were statistically tested after controlling the other risk factors. The frequencies of slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators were 3.0%, 38.8%, and 58.2% to. the cases, and 7.6%, 40.9%, and 51.5% for the controls, respectively. The risk of bladder cancer was not associated with the increase of NAT2 activity($\chi^2_{trend}=1.18$, P-value>0.05). GSTM1 was deleted in 68.7% of the cases and 49.3% of the controls ($\chi^2=5.21$, P-value<0.05), and the odds ratio (95% CI) was 2.23 (1.12 - 4.56). GSTT1 deletion, the .ate of which were 26.9% for the bladder cancer patients and 43.3% for the controls, was a significant protective factor against bladder cancer. Smoking history turned out to be insignificant as a risk factor of bladder cancer (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 0.85 - 4.03), and occupation could not be tested because of the extremely small number of occupational history related to the increase of bladder cancer. In multiple logistic analysis controlling the effects of other risk factors, GSTM1 deletion was the only significant risk factor for bladder cancer (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.22-5.36, P-value<0.05), but slow acetylation and GSTT1 deletion were not. These results suggest that GSTM1 deletion may be a significant risk factor of bladder cancer. Since there have been much debates on causal relationship between slow acetylation and GSTT1 deletion, and bladder cancer, further studies are needed.

황련청심음(黃連淸心飮)의 항산화 및 AChE 억제 효과에 관한 연구

김헌일 ( Hun Il Kim ),유종호 ( Jong Ho Kim ),이상택 ( Sang Taek Lee ),한윤승 ( Seung Yun Han ),김근우 ( Geun Woo Kim ),구병수 ( Byung Soo Koo ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2006 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Objective: An water extract of the Hwang-Ryun-Chung-Sim-Um (HRC) was assessed to determine the mechanisms of its antioxidant activity. In addition, the HRC was examined in vitro for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterse (AChE). Methods: The HRC exhibited a concentration-treatment; scavenging α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, linoleic acid oxidation in a thiocyanate assay system, hydroxyl radical-induced DNA nicking. We investigated mRNA levels such as catalase activity, superoxide-dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The water extract of HRC showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Result: The HRC extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals, using different system. The HRC was also found to be effective in protecting plasmid DNA against the strand breakage induced by Hydroxyl radicals in Fenton`s reaction mixture. Futhermore, catalase mRNA expression levels increased, but SOD1 and MnSOD was not expressed. HRC in a various concentration-dependent decreased AChE mRNA levels and inhibitory effect showed AChE. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is supposed that HRC is applicable to the Dementia-type of Alzheimer clinically.

압박골절 후유증 관리 중 발생한 섬망 환자 1례 증례보고

김주호 ( Ju Ho Kim ),김경옥 ( Kyeong Ok Kim ),김헌일 ( Hun Il Kim ),김근우 ( Geun Woo Kim ),구병수 ( Byung Soo Koo ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2005 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.16 No.1

이미지 카드를 활용한 스키리조트 시장 세분화 및 세분시장 분석

김헌일(Hun-Il Kim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2012 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.6 No.1

이 연구는 스키리조트 시장을 세분화하고, 표적 시장을 분석하여 마케팅 전략의 기초 자료를 제시하기 위한 연구이다. 연구를 위하여 포스터 이미지를 제작하고, 부분요인설계법을 활용하여 12개의 프로파일 이미지 카드를 제작하였다. 자료의 수집을 위해 전국의 스키장 중 대표성을 띤 3개의 스키장을 선정하고, 스키장의 협조를 구해 포스터 전시부스를 설치한 후 조사 참여 희망자 636명으로부터 분석에 필요한 자료를 수집하였다. 요인별 선호에 대하여 컨조인트 분석으로 부분-효용치를 구하고, 이를 원 자료화 하여 군집분석으로 세분화 하였으며, 세분화된 그룹에 대하여 인구통계학적 요인들과 교차분석 및 분산분석을 하였다. 이에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 스키시장은 크게 ‘스노우 마니아’ 그룹, ‘이동소요시간, 비용 고려’ 그룹, ‘접근편의’ 그룹, ‘비용우선’ 그룹으로 분류할 수 있다. 스노우 마니아 그룹은 스키장 선택 시 주 시설과 프로모션을 고려하며 연령, 학력, 수입이 가장 낮은 특성을 보이고, 동호회 단위로 이동하며 체류기간이 가장 긴 특징을 보인다. 이동소요시간, 비용 고려 그룹은 이동 시간과 소요비용을 중요 요인으로 고려하며, 연령, 학력, 수입이 가장 높고, 스키를 주로 즐기며, 가족 단위로 방문하는 특성이 있다. 접근 편의 그룹은 이동소요시간만을 스키장 선택에 고려하며, 친구 혹은 애인과 동반하고 인적 광고의 의존하는 성향이 있다. 비용 우선그룹은 학력은 높으나 수입이 적은 그룹으로 인터넷을 주 정보 원천으로 활용하는 특성이 있다. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamentals of marketing strategy for ski resort industry through segmenting and analyzing target market. To conduct this study, image-based poster and 12 virtual image cards were created. A total of 660 people were surveyed at three ski resorts and 636 of those who responded were used in analyzing the data. Part-worth estimate were created by conjoint analysis. Cluster analysis identified four groups: snow mania, distance-cost seekers, access-convenience seekers, and cost-conscious. Segmented was predicted by socio-demographic factors. Snow mania showed lowest level in age, education, and income. They also tended to visit ski resort with club members and make the longest stay in resort. Distance-cost seekers showed highest level in age, education and income, and they tended to visit the resorts with family members. Access-convenience seekers typically visited with friends and got information via interpersonal communication. Cost-conscious are in higher level of education and lower level of income and got related information from the web.

제언 - 우리 협회의 강점은 살리고 약점은 보완하는 변화를 기대하며

김헌,Kim, Heon 대한산업보건협회 2014 산업보건 Vol.311 No.-

컨조인트 분석을 활용한 스키장 선택 요인의 상대적 중요도 분석

김헌일(Hun Il Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.45

The purpose of this study is to find important factor in choosing a ski resort. for this study, a total of 660 people were surveyed at 3 ski resorts. 636 of those who responded were used in analyzing the data. 12 virtual image cards were created from 8 related elements (ski facilities, amenities, tour opportunities, promotion, staff service, social groups, distance, and price). A preference was measured on the 12 cards using a ranking and conjoint analysis. First, the ski tourists can be divided into 3 or 4 preference types using image cards methods. Second, distance related with accessibility is the most important value and it needs to be re-evaluated as marketing keyword. Third, the ski facilities need new and developing technology in the design level to transform into new trends. fourth, being unique is important to planning a new marketing segment strategy is able to adapt to a continious change in this market. However, using a promotion strategy is more useful than a price strategy in order to be successful with safety.

글로벌 스포츠 산업 트렌드 예측

김헌일(Kim, Hun-Il) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.11

본 연구는 스포츠 산업 경쟁력 강화와 생존 전략 마련을 위하여 글로벌 스포츠 시장 트렌드의 미래 변화를 예측하기 위한 것이다. 연구를 위하여 3차에 걸친 델파이 조사에 12개국 21명의 전문가가 참여하여 51개의 미래 예측 의견을 제시 하였고, 의견에 대한 참여자들의 수렴을 거쳐 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 도핑, 사행 산업 등 윤리적 이슈가 글로벌 시장에 중요한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 둘째, 유소년 스포츠 시장은 지속적으로 성장할 것이다. 셋째, 스포츠는 건강 산업으로서 의 중요성이 부각 될 것인데, 특히 저비용 건강 서비스 시장과, 고령인구 대상의 건강 기능 시장이 성장 할 것이다. 넷째, 스포츠 산업의 첨단 기술 /문화 등과의 융·복합은 더욱 가속화 할 것이다. 다섯째, 메가스포츠 이벤트는 다양한 비판적 논란 으로 인하여 미래가 불투명해질 것이다. 여섯째, 소셜 미디어 등 신 미디어와 구 미디어의 스포츠에 대한 영향력은 더욱 증대 될 것이다. 마지막으로 문화현상으로서의 스포츠시장 글로벌화는 더욱 가속화 될 것이다. The aim of this study was to predict the global sports market trend to make developmental and strategic marketing planning for governments, enterprises and scholars. By participating in Delphi, 21 professionals from 12 countries came up with 51 foresights. In addition, the following 7 final results emerged after 3 rounds of discussion. First, integrity issues (e.g., doping and gambling) will increase in the sports industry. Second, the market of youth sports will continue to grow worldwide. Third, the health-oriented sports service will growth, particularly for seniors or people with less wealth. Fourth, the convergence with high-technology, culture and leisure activity will be accelerated. Fifth, mega sports events will receive increasing scrutiny and criticism. Sixth, the leverage of new media (e.g., social media) as well as old media (e.g., TV and magazines) will expand in the sports industry. Finally, globalization, which is similar to the culture phenomenon, will be accelerated in the sports industry.

약물부작용(藥物副作用)으로 인한 설부(舌部) 진전환자(震顫患者) 증례보고(症例報告)

김헌일 ( Hun Il Kim ),김근우 ( Geun Woo Kim ),구병수 ( Byung Soo Koo ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2003 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

스포츠관광 산업의 정책적 문제에 관한 연구

김헌일(Hun Il Kim),이천희(Chun Hee Lee) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2007 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study is to find out the solutions for government policies and regulations related to the problem. As a research method, Delphi was used which is using experts as objects of this study. The objects of this study were people in charge of business practice, administration practice, and academic experts, and the number of participants was 54 in first survey, 48 in the second survey and 38 in the final survey. After categorizing the answers from the first open questionnaire, second questionnaire was designed, and finally I got the result from the third questionnaire which was from the feedback for the result of second survey. The problem of sport tourism policy is that there is no long-term plan and policies as a result of the lack of concrete and specialized knowledge. The approval systems related sport tourism industry is very complicated so that it becomes an obstacle for the development of the sport tour industry, which is a reason that self governing administration, main body of development, is not get an administrative independent. Public officials has shown the lack of speciality related to sport tourism industry, and excessive regulation of the land use is also a main cause of the obstacle for the development of sport tourism industry.

자신감이나 책임감이 필요하다

김헌,Kim, Heon 대한산업보건협회 2007 산업보건 Vol.228 No.-