바울의 동역자 실루아노

김철홍(Chulhong B. Kim) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2007 선교와 신학 Vol.19 No.-

Silvanus (Σιλουαν??), as known as Silas (Σιλ ?), was an original member and leader of the early Christian community in Jerusalem (Acts 15:23), who knew Jesus and his traditions. He was selected as a representative of the Jerusalem Council probably due to his proficiency of colloquial Greek and early involvement in gentile mission. It is very much probable that he was an apostle as indicated by in 1 Thess 2:7. Paul’s omission of apostolic title in 1 Thess 1:1 and 2 Thess 1:1 might be because he did not have to include it once the name of the Jerusalem apostle was right beside his name (Πα λο? κα? Σιλουαν??). Silvanus was a co-author of Thessalonian epistles and Paul’s use of the first-person plural throughout 1 Thessalonians, with only a few exceptions (1 Thess 2:18; 3:5; 5:27), indicates that Paul took this co-authorship quite seriously. In his second journey Paul revisited his Galatian churches with Silvanus for the first time after his Epistle to the Galatians. Paul was with Silas, the official representative of the Jerusalem Council, who was carrying its decision about the circumcision issues. The presence of Silas and the official letter he carried must have spokenfor him with much more persuasion in his visit to the churches. During their trip, Silvanus transmitted many of the original Palestinian Jesus tradition known to us today, and learned Paul’s interpretation of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, familiarizing himself to Pauline theological categories. Paul and Silvanus shared the same understanding as to their physical labor during their missionary endeavor and fundraising for the ministry for the poor in the Jerusalem Church. Their consensus indicates that they shared many of Jesus traditions. After his arrival and ministry in Ephesus (Acts 18:5) Silvanus seems to have gone to the some of the area listed in 1 Pet 1: 1. Rainer Riesner’ s hypothesis that Paul understood the geographical framework of his mission in light of Isa 66:19 is very much likely because Paul draws not a few missionary principles from Isa 40-66, especially 66 as partly indicated by Rom15:16-24. If Riesner’ s reconstruction is correct, we can answer why Paul and Silas planned to go to Asia and Bithynia in their first journey. They probably planned to go to Pontus, Bithynia, and Cappadocia after their work in Ephesus. However, because of the problems in Corinthain churches Paul had to make unplanned trips to Corinth. Silvanus left Paul alone and met and joined Peter and Mark in those regions for evangelism. And then later Peter’s group including Silvanus went to Rome where First Peter was written. It is likely for Silvanus to have made significant contributions to the writing of First Peter, the author of which demonstrates his excellent command of Greek. It seems hardly possible to have been achieved by Peter, an “uneducated” (Acts 4:13) fisherman whose mother tongue was a Galilian dialect of Aramaic (Mark 14:70; Acts 2:7). Peter allegedly wrote the letter "through Silvanus (dia; Silouanou’)” (1 Pet 5:12). This inclusion of his name at the end of the letter probably signifies his participation in the writing of the letter. This explains why there are a considerable number of agreements between 1 Peter and the Pauline epistles, especially Romans. Standing in Petrine tradition, Silvanus helped Peter write the letter reflecting many of Pauline ideas in the letter. The role of Silvanus can be summarized as being a “between person.” He stood between Jesus and Paul, between Palestine and Hellenistic Christianity, between Jews and Gentiles, and between Pauline and Petrine traditions. As we have seen, we should not underestimate the contributions of Paul’s co-workers in the mission of Paul and the expansion of early church. Without their input, the success of the early church in evangelization of the Mediterranean world would not have been feasible.

Multi-modal Imaging: Photoacoustic Imaging Plus More

Chulhong Kim(김철홍) 한국고분자학회 2022 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.47 No.2

바울이 아라비아로 간 까닭은?

김철홍(Chulhong B. Kim) 한국신약학회 2009 신약논단 Vol.16 No.1

Some Sociological Implications of Paul’s Earliest Teachings in First Thessalonians

김철홍(Chulhong Brian Kim) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2011 선교와 신학 Vol.27 No.-

사도바울이 어떤 도시에 도착해서 교회를 세우기 시작했을 때 그는 복음의 어떤 내용을 가르치기 시작했을까? 이 논문은 데살로니가전서에 나타난 바울의 초기 가르침, 즉 교회를 개척할 당시에 그가 선포했던 복음의 내용이 무엇이었는지를 밝히는 연구다. 데살로니가전서의 내용에 따르면 바울은 (1) 일신론(1:9), (2) 예수의 죽음과 부활 그리고 재림(1:10; 5:1-2), (3) 성도가 겪어야 할 고난(3:3b-4), (4) 세상으로부터 구분(4:1-8), (5) 형제 사랑 (4:9-10), (6) 자신의 일을 할 것(4:11-12) 등을 가르쳤다. 논문 길이의 제한 때문에 이 글에서는 첫째, 둘째 그리고 넷째 가르침에 대한 분석을 하되, 이런 가르침을 하였을 때 사회학적 관점에서 어떤 변화나 효과가 교회 개 척에 있었는지 살펴본다. What kind of teachings did Paul give to plant a church when he arrived at a Hellenistic city? This study attempts to put forward some sociological implications of Paul, teach￢ings given to his Thessalonian converts during the period between his first arrival at and departure from Thessalonica. The earliest teachings of Paul to the Thessalonian Christians found in First Thessalonians can be summarized in the fol￢lowing six points: 1) radical monotheism (1:9), 2) resurrec￢tion and return of Jesus (1:10; 5:1-2), 3) suffering as a part of the Christian life (3:3b-4), 4) separation from the world (4:1- 8), 5) brotherly/sisterly love (4:9-10), and 6) “labor with your hands” (4:11-12). Due to the limitation of the length of paper, in this paper only the first two teachings and the fourth are selected for a critical examination against the background of the Thessalonian social environment to determine sociologi￢cal implications of the Pauline teaching.

Development of high-speed and wide field photoacoustic scanning module

Hyojin Kim(김효진),Changyeop Lee(이창엽),Sinyoung Park(박신영),Joongho Ahn(안중호),Jin Young Kim(김진영),Chulhong Kim(김철홍) 대한용접·접합학회 2020 대한용접학회 특별강연 및 학술발표대회 개요집 Vol.2020 No.11

다양한 이종 Resin이 첨가된 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS) Coplymer의 기계물성 및 파손기구 변화

안지훈(Jihun An),김철홍(Chulhong Kim),최병호(Byoung-Ho Choi) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.2

상위 K 하이 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝 기법 성능분석

양흥모 ( Heungmo Ryang ),윤은일 ( Unil Yun ),김철홍 ( Chulhong Kim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.16 No.6

전통적인 빈발 패턴 마이닝은 데이터베이스로부터 사용자 정의 최소 임계치 이상의 빈도수를 가지는 유효 패턴들을 식별한다. 적절한 임계치 설정은 해당 도메인에 대한 사전 지식을 요구하므로 쉬운 작업이 아니다. 따라서 임계치 설정을 통한 마이닝 결과의 정밀한 제어 불가능으로 인해 도메인 지식을 기반으로 하지 않는 패턴 마이닝 방법이 필요하게 되었다. 상위 K 빈발 패턴 마이닝은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안되었으며, 임계치 설정 없이 상위 K개의 중요 패턴들을 마이닝 한다. 사용자는 이를 적용함으로써 데이터베이스에 상관없이 가장 높은 빈도수의 패턴부터 K번째로 높은 빈도수의 패턴까지 찾아낼 수 있다. 비록 상위 K 빈발 패턴 마이닝이 임계치 설정 없이 상위 K개의 중요 패턴들을 마이닝 하지만, 트랜잭션 내 아이템 수량과 데이터베이스 내 서로 다른 아이템 중요도를 고려하지 못하여 많은 실세계 응용의 요구에 부합하지 못한다. 하이 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝은 아이템 중요도가 포함된 비 바이너리 데이터베이스의 특성을 고려하기 위해 제안되었으나 최소 임계치를 필요로 한다. 최근 임계치 설정 없는 하이 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝을 위한 상위 K 하이 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝이 개발되었으며, 이를 통해 사용자는 사전 지식 없이 원하는 수의 패턴을 마이닝 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 상위 K 하이 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝을 위한 알고리즘을 분석한다. 최신 알고리즘에 대한 성능분석을 통해 개선사항 및 발전 방향에 대해 고찰한다. Traditional frequent pattern mining discovers valid patterns with no smaller frequency than a user-defined minimum threshold from databases. In this framework, an enormous number of patterns may be extracted by a too low threshold, which makes result analysis difficult, and a too high one may generate no valid pattern. Setting an appropriate threshold is not an easy task since it requires the prior knowledge for its domain. Therefore, a pattern mining approach that is not based on the domain knowledge became needed due to inability of the framework to predict and control mining results precisely according to the given threshold. Top-k frequent pattern mining was proposed to solve the problem, and it mines top-k important patterns without any threshold setting. Through this method, users can find patterns from ones with the highest frequency to ones with the k-th highest frequency regardless of databases. In this paper, we provide knowledge both on frequent and top-k pattern mining. Although top-k frequent pattern mining extracts top-k significant patterns without the setting, it cannot consider both item quantities in transactions and relative importance of items in databases, and this is why the method cannot meet requirements of many real-world applications. That is, patterns with low frequency can be meaningful, and vice versa, in the applications. High utility pattern mining was proposed to reflect the characteristics of non-binary databases and requires a minimum threshold. Recently, top-k high utility pattern mining has been developed, through which users can mine the desired number of high utility patterns without the prior knowledge. In this paper, we analyze two algorithms related to top-k high utility pattern mining in detail. We also conduct various experiments for the algorithms on real datasets and study improvement point and development direction of top-k high utility pattern mining through performance analysis with respect to the experimental results.

광간섭 단층 촬영 장치와 광음향 현미경의 결합을 통한 동시 이미지 획득 연구

김세희,이창호,한승훈,강현욱,오정환,김지현,김철홍,Kim, Sehui,Lee, Changho,Han, Seonghoon,Kang, Hyun Wook,Oh, Junghwan,Kim, Jeehyun,Kim, Chulhong 대한의용생체공학회 2013 의공학회지 Vol.34 No.2

In this study, we developed an integrated optical coherence tomography - photoacoustic microscopy (OCT-PAM) system to simultaneously provide optical absorption and scattering information. Two different laser sources, such as a pulsed laser for PAM and a superluminescent diode for OCT, were employed to implement the integrated OCT-PAM system. The performance of the OCT-PAM system was measured by imaging carbon fibers. We then imaged black and white hairs to demonstrate the simultaneous OCT-PAM imaging capabilities. As a result, OCT can produce 3-D images of both black and white hairs, whereas PAM is only able to image the black hair due to strong optical absorption of black hair.

회전기기의 궤도 특징인자 유사성을 이용한 이상 진단

이승철(Seungchul Lee),민형철(Hyungcheol Min),정해동(Haedong Jung),이상진(Sangjin Lee),김철홍(Chulhong Kim) 한국소음진동공학회 2015 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

초고속 초음파 유동 이미징을 이용한 경동맥의 정량적 혈류역학 분석

박준홍(Jun Hong Park),오동현(Donghyeon Oh),이효승(Hyo-Seung Lee),이병철(Byung Chul Lee),김철홍(Chulhong Kim),이상준(Sang Joon Lee) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11