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김계진,이형석,김선광,민병일,이재동,박동석,이순걸,김형민,Kim, Kye-jin,Lee, Hyung-suk,Kim, Sun-kwang,Min, Byung-il,Lee, Jae-dong,Park, Dong-suk,Lee, Soon-girl,Kim, Hyung-min 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Background and Objective : Twirling is one of the needling methods, which is frequently used for acupuncture in oriental medicine. Some thesis about needle manipulation has been reported that needle manipulation is more effective than plain acupuncture. So we have developed the auto-controlled twirling needle(ACTN) system which is most simple style of needle manipulation. The present study was conducted to see if ACTN can enhance the antinociceptive effect of acupuncture. Methods : To investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture we used two pain model. One is acute pain model using tail flick latency(TFL), the other is neuropathic pain model using mechanical allodynia. For TFL test, rats were lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(40 mg/kg, i.p). To produce mechanical allodynia in the rat tail, the right superior caudal trunk was resected between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves. For plain acupuncture(PA), a needle was inserted into a Zusanli(ST36) for 15min. In combining ACTN with PA, twirling needle was performed once in a second. We measured the difference of analgesic effect of only PA and ACTN on two different kinds of pain. Results and conclusion : ACTN increased TFL more than PA. (15min P<0.001, 25min P<0.01). And ACTN also reduced neuropathic pain (15min P<0.01, 25min<0.05). But PA alone can't reduce the neuropathic pain. These results indicate that ACRN had more analgesic effect than PA. The mechanism that play a key role, and the condition which produce best analgesic effect of ACTN are to be studied further.
보완대체의사소통중재가 자폐성 아동의 자발어에 미치는 효과
문혜숙,김계진 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2008 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.47 No.1
When child with autism acquire speech, they often do not do so spontaneously, and when they do spontaneously speak, they tend to be highly restricted in their use of this speech. Two common restrictions are speaking in short utterances and using a limited number of words. As PECS presents language in a visual form, it is proposed that the treatment gains may be due to the utilization of the visual strengths of individuals with autism. This study had three purposes. First it was to investigate the effects of PECS training on spontaneous speech. Second, it was to see the effects of PECS training on Mean Utterances Length-words. The conclusions drawn from the study are as follows; First, PECS training increased spontaneous speech of all the participants. Second, PECS training increased Mean Length Utterances -words of all the participants. Third, PECS training increased using different attributes of all the subjects. The results of this study indicate that teaching children with autism to communicate with longer utterances and more variably using PECS. By utilizing the presentation of language in a visual form through PECS, significant changes in spontaneous speech are facilitated. With further research to increase the generalization of speech gains and ascertain the groups who will most benefit, this treatment procedure has the potential to improve the communication skills of many children with autism. 최근 자폐성장애 아동들의 사회성 및 의사소통영역에서의 일탈적인 발달과 행동문제들은 환경의 적응에 어려움을 초래하여 장애의 특성을 고려한 교육적 접근이 필요하다. 자폐성 아동들의 언어적 특성은 의사소통 수단으로 언어를 자발적으로 사용하지 못하고 사용하는 경우에도 말의 길이가 짧고 제한된 단어수로 의사소통을 한다는 것이다. 이 연구는 이러한 언어 특성을 보이는 자폐성 아동들에게 PECS를 적용한 의사소통중재를 통하여 자발어 수행율의 증가와 평균발화길이의 증가에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위한 연구방법으로 세 명의 자폐성 아동들에게 대상자간 중다기초선 설계와 AB설계를 적용하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, PECS중재가 자폐성 아동의 자발어 수행율을 증가시켰다. 아동은 환경을 기능적으로 조작하여 원하는 사물을 얻게 되었다. 따라서 PECS중재는 자발적 의사표현을 유도하여 전통적인 구어습득 훈련보다 자폐성 아동들의 언어습득에 더 적절하다는 것이다. 둘째, PECS중재가 자폐성 아동의 평균발화길이를 증가시켰다. 세 아동 모두에게서 평균발화길이가 안정적인 증가추세를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 중재동안 아동들의 자발어 및 모방어의 사용빈도가 증가하였음을 말해준다.